Marriage and Divorce

The fundamental issue that leads to all problems of marriage was solved before it ever began. The remedial prescription has always been there even before the first marriage had issues. Marriage was God's own idea, and it cannot be done right without following His idea of how to operate it. God already solved out all issues that may arise by providing leadership and followership guides which echo throughout the scriptures. The Biblical institution of marriage can only succeed with results if it goes as God planned it. Any other success prescription will always create more issues because it's God's idea only.

A home environment that offers profitable opportunities for learning is likely to generate and nurtured a knowledge that can be easily transferred to school. The effect of social class and parental support on polytechnic students' poor academic achievement in mathematics is determined in this study. Two research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey design was used where the population consists of all students of Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi. A sample-size of 317 ND II students was drawn using Krejcie and Morgan table. A self-developed questionnaire was used as the research instrument which was validated by experts and a reliability coefficient of 0.707 was achieved. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentages, mean, and correlation statistics. The results showed that social class and parental support have significant effect on students' academic performance in mathematics; however, a significant relationship also exist between social class and parental support. Parents should not allow their social status be a barrier in following the development of their children's academics progress in the schools.

This article examines the biblical teaching on divorce and remarriage, engaging interpretations that prohibit all remarriage while the first spouse remains alive. Using John Piper's 1986 position paper as a representative foil, it argues that the more detailed Matthean accounts should have priority and that the exception clauses in Matthew 5:32 and 19:9 permit divorce and remarriage on the grounds of sexual immorality. The paper develops the covenant character of marriage, the legislation of Deuteronomy 24, Jesus' relation to the Law of Moses, and the implications for church office, contending that certain divorces are not sinful.

It is a position paper / response to Piper’s 1986 piece rather than a peer-reviewed article. It came about after Piper's piece ripped through our small church in 2006. It is my pastoral response to a paper that in all honesty should be taken off Desiring God ministries site.

Background: Social support is essential for individual psychological well-being and marital stability. In the sociocultural milieu of Northern Nigeria, divorce markedly impacts women's access to social networks, thereby heightening susceptibility to mental health issues. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of perceived social support between divorced and married women in Kano, Northern Nigeria, and to examine its consequences for mental health and marital stability. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed with 150 divorced women sourced from the Association of Divorced and Widows (Kano State) and 150 age-matched married women from Sayyida Khadija Islamiyya School. Data were gathered utilizing a standardized socio-demographic questionnaire and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS-3). The psychiatric morbidity of divorced women was evaluated and examined with their levels of social support. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing SPSS version 23. Findings: A significant proportion of divorced women (74.0%) indicated inadequate social support, in contrast to their married counterparts who had superior support. Divorced participants with poor social support were significantly more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis (p < .001), with an odds ratio of 8.7 (95% CI: 2.8-184.4), while those with moderate support had an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1-6.1). Socio-demographic factors, including age at first marriage, educational attainment, and sexual satisfaction, were substantially correlated with marital status. Conclusion: The study indicates a substantial connection between poor perceived social support and psychiatric illness among divorced women in Kano. These findings underline the importance of enhancing social support systems as a protective factor for mental health and as a strategy to increase marital stability. Policy makers, mental health experts, and social workers should incorporate social support interventions in divorce prevention and post-divorce rehabilitation initiatives in Northern Nigeria.

Although substantial scholarship has been devoted to the philosophy of Halakha, an explicitly analytic philosophy of Halakha remains in its early stages. This paper characterizes the approach, illustrates its philosophical promise, and addresses two methodological challenges it faces.
Analytic philosophy of Halakha applies the characteristic methods of analytic philosophy to halakhic problems: clarity, logical rigor, attention to focused questions, and respect for pre-theoretical intuitions, while bracketing historical context when appropriate. I illustrate this approach through two cases: the distinction between *sfeika de-dina* and *sfeika de-metziut*—uncertainty about the law and uncertainty about the facts—and the Talmudic principle of *ein issur chal al issur*, according to which one prohibition does not take effect upon another. In both cases, metaphysical and logical analysis helps preserve distinctive halakhic intuitions while contributing to a broader philosophical picture of Halakha.
I then consider two objections: the tension between the external scholar of Halakha and the internal halakhic perspective, and the historically layered and eclectic character of halakhic literature. I argue that neither undermines the analytic project, though both require methodological sensitivity and historical caution.

In this timeless slice of 1992 automotive existentialism, Cathy Baker provides the definitive proof that complex vehicle machinery and solo crosscountry trips are nature's ultimate conspiracy to force independent women into domestic compliance. Following an unexpected transmission detonation in the middle of a desolate Utah desert, the author undergoes a rapid psychological evolution from a proud, self-sufficient traveler to a deeply broken individual contemplating immediate marriage proposals to literally any man who can maintain eye contact for ten seconds. Written as an unintended 'Father's Guide to Raising a Daughter,' this humorous commentary laments the catastrophic tactical error of being raised with Barbie dolls instead of a socket wrench set. It serves as an urgent, cautionary manual for fathers everywhere: skip the Girl Scouts, bypass the sorority dues, and drag your daughters into the garage to field-strip a 1955 Chevrolet-unless your long-term parental retirement plan involves paying a $200-anight hotel bill in a town where the cop car costs less than your morning coffee.

One of the immediate consequences of dissolution of marriage is the waiting period, or probationary term, for the wife. The religion of Islam, as perfect as it is, has made everything in a perfect and conducive manner for its followers; the rulings on Iddah are not left out, as there is a complete chapter of the Glorious Qur'an dedicated to that. The practice in Northern Nigeria of how women are treated during their Iddah period and the resultant effect of same on both the woman and her children has created a negative picture of the religion of Islam. This research having observed some of these practices, intends to look at the religious perspective on how women should be treated during the period of Iddah. Using the doctrinal method, this research intends to examine the treatment of women in lddah in some parts of Northern Nigeria by examining its meaning, its types and juristic views with regard to each type, its legality, duration, its purpose, and the practice in some parts of Northern Nigeria. This research found that the observance of Iddah is wajib on any woman who has lost her husband/divorced and the community or husband must ensure she is taken care of within such period to avoid unnecessary mingling and outing, but due to some reasons ranging from superstitious beliefs, ignorance, and lack of Islamic knowledge, such is not the practice. It is recommended that Northern Nigerian states affected by these practices should carry out mandatory training to educate both married and intending couples on how to address such issues if they arise in their marriage.

This paper challenges dominant narratives that frame Muslim presence in Europe primarily through post-war migration by revisiting a neglected historical rupture: the 1990s Balkan wars and their reconfiguration of Muslim belonging within Europe itself. While scholarship has extensively examined migration, Islamophobia, and integration, far less attention has been given to how indigenous European Muslim communities particularly in Bosnia were repositioned from "European" to "suspect others" within continental imaginaries of belonging. Drawing on postcolonial theory (Sayyid, 2014; Mignolo, 2011), memory studies (Assmann, 2011), and critical Muslim studies (Meer, 2016), the paper argues that the Bosnian war marked a turning point in which Muslim identity in Europe became increasingly racialized and securitized. Through analysis of political discourse, media representations, and testimonies from the period, the study demonstrates how Muslims who had long been embedded within European history were suddenly reframed through logics later applied to migrant Muslim populations. The paper further connects this shift to broader transformations in European identity formation, showing how the 1990s produced a template of Muslim conditional belonging later extended to North African diasporas, including Algerian communities in France and beyond. It examines how memories of violence, displacement, and silence shaped subsequent generations' negotiations of identity, belonging, and visibility. By repositioning the Balkan conflict as central rather than peripheral to understanding Muslim Europe, this paper contributes a new historical lens to debates on pluralism and belonging. It argues that contemporary tensions surrounding Muslims in Europe cannot be fully understood without recognizing how intra-European Muslim histories were re-written through violence, memory, and political discourse in the 1990s.

En este trabajo se intenta analizar desde un punto de vista preferentemente descriptivo y cualitativo, y desde perspectivas psicológicas, algunas de las causas y sus correlatos que determinados comportamientos, sucesos, creencias y valores contrapuestos que aparecen en un momento evolutivo determinado de la historia familiar de padres e hijos, provocan conflictos graves entre sus miembros, desavenencias, desencuentros entre estos y aquellos, distanciamientos, incomunicación, enfrentamientos, confrontaciones ideológicas, etc., que inevitablemente desembocan en una ruptura, muchas veces definitiva, y que tienen consecuencias nefastas (en muchas ocasiones) en la vida personal y social en algunos o todos de sus miembros.

Moral and mental health of family members, forms the basis of public health. Anger is one of the most common problems that threatens the family mental health. The main purpose of this research is to achieve a model of anger management based on narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS). In this study, the following questions have been answered: 1) According to narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), what are the origins, manifestations and consequences of anger, as well as the benefits of it’s control? and 2) According to these narrations, what model will be presented to manage anger? The research method for answering the first question, is conceptual analysis, and for answering the second question, is analytical-deductive method. Based on the findings, the origins, manifestations and consequences of anger as well as the necessity and benefits of patience found, and then a model for anger management, consists of three axes: preventive, coping and healing strategies was proposed and explained.

Relegation of Nigerian women to subordinate positions is one of the major factors that limit their self-actualisation and meaningful participation in the trend of development. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has helped however them to overcome the limitation by presenting them with wider opportunities for self-development and participation in national development. Previous studies on Maryam Bobi's Bongel have examined it from the angle of women's victimisation but women's assertiveness for their emancipation is left out. This study examines the role of Nigerian women in gaining freedom from gender-induced oppression through the chances made available to them by technological advancement in the text. Focu-feminism is used as a theoretical framework. The text is subjected to a qualitative literary analysis. Bongel is chosen for this study because it depicts victimisation against women as well as the women's emancipatory effort. This study shows that every victimised female character in the text devises and employs a different strategy she considers most appropriate in overcoming her unique oppressive situation. This study contributes to the ongoing awareness on bridging the gender gap in Nigeria. It concludes that resorting to inward capabilities is the most veritable strategy for the Nigerian woman's empowerment, self-actualisation, and her necessary contributory roles to national development.

Christian marriage plays a pivotal role in shaping family structures, moral values, and social cohesion in Nigeria. Its stability is critical for fostering ethical behaviour, community cohesion, and overall societal well-being. However, contemporary challenges such as declining marital stability, socioeconomic pressures, and changing moral norms threaten its role in promoting social stability. Despite recognition of its theological and ethical significance, existing research has largely overlooked the practical influence of Christian marital practices on broader societal outcomes, leaving a significant gap in understanding its contribution to social cohesion. This study investigates the role of Christian marriage in promoting social stability in Nigeria, employing a qualitative approach based on literature review and secondary data analysis. The study is guided by Social Stability Theory, which posits that strong family institutions underpin harmonious communities and societal order. For the purpose of this study, "social stability" is understood as a condition in which institutions, interpersonal relationships, and community structures function in ways that sustain social order, reduce deviance, and promote collective well-being. Findings indicate that reinforcing Christian marital values enhances family cohesion, ethical conduct, and reduces community-level conflicts. The study contributes to scholarship by bridging the gap between religious marital practices and societal stability, and offers practical insights for policymakers, religious leaders, and community stakeholders seeking to strengthen social structures through marriage.

The practice of divorce, especially triple talaq, by Muslims, and Islam for equipping Muslim men with the arbitrary power to pronounce divorce at their will, have been criticised for victimizing and rendering the position of Muslim women extremely weak and vulnerable, and consequently project them as more prone to divorce than women of other communities because of the tendency to believe/claim that Muslims practice divorce by conforming to the Islamic law. However, this article tries to show otherwise as theoretically Islam doesn't encourage divorce and look down upon women; rather it gives women the right to divorce in the form of Khula. Secondary sources used in the present study show that rate of divorce is less among Muslims than among other religious communities in India. Moreover, triple talaq which is against the prescriptions of Quran and Hadiths is not practised by many Muslim communities. Among those who practice it there are cases where women seeking divorce prefer triple talaq to other forms as it allows hassle-free termination of the relationship.

Mohammad reza Salarifar, Ph.D.




.

The verses of the Quran deal with marriage, and rules and customs of family member relations. For example, the issues of dowry, spouse selection, marriage, sexual and emotional relations between spouses, standards of healthy family relations, children's affairs, parental rights, kinship, resolving marital conflict and divorce are mentioned in the Quran. Based on the interpretation of these verses about family, Muslim scholars have stated jurisprudential, legal, educational, and ethical rules for family member relations. In the meantime, psychological interpretation has also been considered. This book with an emphasis on the psychological approach, seeks to respond to family issues with this Quranic approach in eleven chapters. Concepts of marriage and family, philosophical and scientific foundations of marriage, the process of marriage and stages of family formation, types of families, psychological analysis of sexual, affective and behavior relations, childbearing, child-rearing, kinship, characteristics of an effective family, family pathology and family counseling were explored in this book.

El artículo 826 CC permite comprometer de modo irrevocable la mejora de un hijo, para atribuírsela o negársela vía capitulaciones, lo que exige matrimonio. El hijo de quien no se casa queda fuera de esa vía: su mejora solo podría blindarse por el contrato oneroso del artículo 827 CC. Lo que condiciona el acceso a los distintos regímenes jurídicos sucesorios no es la filiación del hijo, sino el estado civil del progenitor. La cuestión no es de legítima, que queda a salvo y además no está protegida por el TEDH, ni de cuál régimen beneficia más, ni del diferente trato entre matrimonio y unión de hecho, sino de que la ley somete a los hijos a la posibilidad de dos regímenes jurídicos distintos de ordenación de su mejora en función del estado civil del progenitor. Ello suscita una duda de compatibilidad con los artículos 14 y 39.2 CE, leídos conforme al estándar del TEDH, y que la interpretación conforme no parece despejar.
Article 826 of the Spanish Civil Code allows for the irrevocable betterment of an offspring's inheritance, to either confer or deny it by means of a nuptial agreement, which requires marriage. This excludes sons and daughters of people who are not married: the betterment may only be safeguarded by the contract for valuable consideration referred to in Article 827 of the Civil Code. It is not the offspring's parentage but the parent’s marital status that determines eligibility for the various legal frameworks governing inheritance. The issue is not related to forced heirship, which remains unaffected and which moreover is not protected by the European Court of Human Rights, or which framework is more beneficial, or to the difference in treatment between marriage and de facto unions, but instead that according to the law, offspring may be subject to two different legal regimes related to the betterment, depending on their parent's marital status. This raises doubts as to its compatibility with Articles 14 and 39(2) of the Spanish Constitution, interpreted in accordance with the standards of the European Court of Human Rights, and these doubts are not dispelled by such an interpretation.

The study investigated the influence of social media on marital relationships among couples in Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe. Six objectives guided the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study consisted of 288 teaching staff out of which a sample of 119 married staff were purposively selected. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha with a coefficient of 0.82. Data were analysed using percentages, means, and standard deviations. The results showed that the majority of the respondents used social media platforms like Email (100%), Facebook (96.2%), WhatsApp (98.1%), and Instagram (87.6%) to keep in touch with friends and family (3.53), and finding products to purchase (3.50). The study also showed that married couples spend two hours and more on the platforms (3.31). The study highlighted some of the positive influences of social media such as improving family cohesion and bond (3.90) and also the negative influences which include being distracted from paying attention to what is happening in one's spouse's life (2.71). The findings of the study also showed that making video calls, especially in long-distance relationships (3.80) can be used to improve marital communication. In conclusion, the respondents spend a lot of their free time engaging in social media activities which influence their communication with their spouses. It is recommended that couples reduce the time spent on social media and invest more of it in their spouses.

Marriage is based on trust, responsibility, mutual rights, emotional support, and family commitment. An extramarital relationship that leads a married person to leave the family without first resolving or legally ending the marriage can create serious personal, family, and social problems. However, leaving home because of domestic violence, coercion, or threats to personal safety must be treated differently and should not be confused with leaving home for an extramarital relationship. This paper examines the issue from religious, social, and psychological perspectives. The Qur'an discourages sexual misconduct and encourages reconciliation and mediation when serious marital conflict occurs. The Sunnah emphasizes kindness, responsibility, and good treatment within marriage. Psychological and social research suggests that marital conflict, parental separation, and poor co-parenting can affect children's emotional and behavioral well-being. Therefore, an effective response requires more than moral judgment. It should include safety assessment, honest communication, professional counseling, family mediation, responsible co-parenting, and, when necessary, lawful and respectful separation.

Para comprender las expectativas parentales en las decisiones de los hijos, se basó el estudio en el paradigma interpretativo, con metodología cualitativa. Se seleccionaron seis padres y cuatro hijos, a quienes se les realizó una entrevista en profundidad, interpretadas mediante el método hermenéutico-dialéctico. Surgió del análisis una categoría general: Expectativas Parentales, con cuatro categorías: 1) Lo que los padres esperan, 2) Lo que los hijos hacen, 3) Influencia parental y 4) Cumplimiento de las expectativas parentales. Se evidenció que las expectativas se desarrollan y forman en la paternidad mediante las exigencias de una sociedad que lleva el control de lo esperado para que una persona tenga éxito en lo personal, moral y en su ejercicio profesional. El estrato social y la cultura a la que pertenece cada familia tienen un impacto en la construcción de las expectativas y su producción, influyendo en las acciones que puedan tener los hijos.

از زمان بازگشت طالبان به قدرت در آگست ۲۰۲۱ و لغو رسمی وعده بازگشایی مکاتب متوسطه در مارچ ۲۰۲۲، افغانستان به تنها کشور جهان تبدیل شده است که به‌طور نظام‌مند دختران و زنان را از آموزش فراتر از سطح ابتدایی محروم می‌سازد. در حالی‌که ابعاد سیاسی، حقوقی و اقتصادی این سیاست توجه گسترده جامعه جهانی را به خود جلب کرده، پیامدهای روانی آن بر دختران نوجوان در گفتمان اصلی سیاست‌گذاری کمتر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این مقاله مجموعه رو به رشد پژوهش‌های تجربی و کیفی درباره پیامدهای سلامت روان محرومیت آموزشی دختران افغان را ترکیب و تحلیل می‌کند و پیامدهای روانی فردی اضطراب، افسردگی، افکار خودکشی، اختلال در هویت و ناامیدی را در بستر گسترده‌تر اجتماعی، اقتصادی و رشدی این ممنوعیت قرار می‌دهد. با تکیه بر مطالعات پیمایشی، کیفی و ترکیبی منتشرشده میان سال‌های ۲۰۲۳ تا ۲۰۲۶، همراه با داده‌های یونسکو، یونیسف، سازمان زنان ملل متحد و نهادهای بشردوستانه، این مرور شواهد همگرایی را نشان می‌دهد مبنی بر افزایش نشانه‌های افسردگی، اضطراب و افکار خودکشی در میان دختران محروم از مکتب، همراه با الگویی مشخص از توقف شکل‌گیری هویت، درماندگی آموخته‌شده و کاهش عزت نفس در دوره‌ای حساس از رشد نوجوانی. این مرور همچنین راهبردهای مقابله دختران را مستند می‌سازد از شبکه‌های آموزشی غیررسمی و تسریع‌شده تا معناسازی و، در برخی موارد، واکنش‌های انزواطلبانه یا ناسازگار و پیامدهای احتمالی بلندمدت و بین‌نسلی این محرومیت طولانی‌مدت را برای رفاه فردی و سرمایه انسانی ملی بررسی می‌کند. این مقاله نتیجه می‌گیرد که سلامت روان باید نه به‌عنوان بُعدی حاشیه‌ای، بلکه به‌عنوان بُعدی اساسی از واکنش بشردوستانه و حقوق بشری به ممنوعیت آموزش دختران افغان در نظر گرفته شود و پیامدهایی برای پژوهش، عمل بالینی و سیاست‌گذاری ترسیم می‌کند.

The place of women in decision making at various strata of living has been a front burner issue in the current milieu. Population of women in Malaysia is almost as equal the population of men. The Malaysian women have been found to excel in academic and even professional labour market than the men. Thus, they are naturally imbued with the skills and intellectual capabilities to contribute to the Malaysian national development. Notwithstanding the perceived superiority in the intellectual capability of the Malaysian women, the number of women allowed to participate in nation building in the country is abysmally low. Researches have shown that the women have been facing challenges in assuming political positions where they can adequately and practically contribute to national development. The paper involves an exploratory legal research. Therefore, employing an analysis of both primary and secondary documentary data, the paper investigates the factors that contribute to the inhibition...

Rethinking the Foundations of Marriage: Covenant, Dignity, Faith, and Generational Blessing offers a philosophical, theological, cultural, legal, and practical reconsideration of marriage in Ghanaian, African, and wider moral contexts. The book argues that many marital crises do not arise only from individual incompatibility, poor communication, poverty, or changing social values, but from deeper distortions in the ideas, customs, institutions, and expectations by which marriage is understood and practised. Using the Allegory of the Sieve as its central interpretive metaphor, the book explains how marriage, originally conceived as a sacred covenant of companionship, dignity, faithfulness, mutual responsibility, and generational blessing, is often burdened by commercialised customs, gender inequality, excessive ceremony, legal confusion, religious misunderstanding, and social performance.
The work critically examines bride price, male-only proposal, polygamy, marital prison, divorce, sexual ethics, in-law relations, and the frequent misrepresentation of customary marriage as mere engagement. It proposes practical reforms, including the Marifund Alternative as a household-centred replacement for bride price, mutual proposal as recognition of women's emotional agency, the Before-and-After Marriage Model for preparation and renewal, and a model of Reformed Customary Marriage grounded in monogamy, reason, natural order, dignity, and family support without family control. Focusing especially on Ghana, the book clarifies the distinction between customary marriage, Christian wedding, Mohammedan/Islamic marriage, and ordinance marriage. It ultimately defends marriage not as transaction, domination, public performance, or prison, but as a covenantal institution capable of strengthening persons, families, communities, and future generations.
Keywords: marriage, covenant, bride price, Marifund, customary marriage, Ghana, family, divorce, marital prison, marriage reform, mutual proposal, polygamy, ordinance marriage.

Kirchenfabriken dienten seit dem Mittelalter der Finanzierung des
Kirchbaus sowie der Unterhaltung und Ausstattung von Kirchen. Die Kirche beanspruchte die freie Verfügung und die Kontrolle über diese Vermögensmassen, auch wenn häufig Laien die Verwaltung übernahmen. Im 19. Jahrhundert übernahm das Königreich Württemberg die Aufsicht über Kirchenfabriken und übertrug deren Verwaltung der bürgerlichen Gemeinde unter Mitwirkung von Ortsgeistlichen. Erst ab 1887 trennten sich bürgerliche und kirchliche Gemeinde hinsichtlich der Vermögensverwaltung, und seit der Weimarer Republik konnte die
katholische Kirche in Württemberg die Kirchenfabriken wieder eigenständig verwalten. Der Beitrag stellt diese Entwicklung aus drei Perspektiven dar, nämlich der des universalen Kirchenrechts, der des staatlichen Rechts sowie der des partikularen Rechts. Er zeichnet so das
Spannungsverhältnis von kirchlicher Selbstverwaltung und staatlicher Aufsicht am Beispiel von Kirchenfabriken vor allem im 19. Jahrhundert nach und zeigt, wie auch die katholische Kirche in das landesherrliche Kirchenregiment einbezogen wurde.

Fathers are traditionally seen as the patriarchal heads of households. However, in many societies, mothers exert substantial influence over the extent of paternal involvement post-divorce. Nonresident fathers often face significant barriers, particularly maternal gatekeeping, which limits access to their children and undermines their parental role. These dynamics contribute to persistent societal narratives that depict such fathers as "deadbeats" or "irresponsible." This study challenges the prevailing notion of the "absent father" by examining the emotional, social, and legal barriers to paternal involvement following divorce. Specifically, it explores how maternal gatekeeping affects father-child relationships and child development outcomes. A semi-systematic literature review was conducted using a six-step process to identify, select, and analyse over 100 scholarly sources related to post-divorce coparenting, maternal gatekeeping, and father involvement. PRISMA principles were used to ensure transparency in the selection process. The review indicates that paternal involvement plays a critical role in promoting children's emotional well-being, resilience, and social adjustment. Children who experience consistent and responsive parenting from fathers tend to form secure attachments and exhibit more favorable long-term outcomes. Maternal gatekeeping, however, can disrupt this process and lead to psychological and relational harm for both the child and the non-resident father. While legal systems remain the primary site for addressing post-divorce parenting disputes, the findings highlight the urgent need for social work intervention. Social workers are uniquely positioned to mediate high-conflict coparenting relationships, promote equitable parental involvement, and advocate for the child's best interests.

In the jurisprudential rulings of the religion of Islam, the permission to marry girls can be seen from birth, which has almost been agreed upon by the earlier scholars. In addition, the couple is given the right to enjoy everything except the marital relationship before puberty. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to show the consequences and adverse effects of this jurisprudential ruling, according to which, conflicts with the principle of justice have emerged. In this article, the author, using a descriptive-analytical method, states two main topics. One is the rule of justice and how it is used in jurisprudential rulings and the cases in which this rule is included, and the other is the cases in which minor marriage is considered as an example of oppression. In fact, he stated the corruptions that are arranged for the permission of this ruling. In the end, with these two bases, he came to the conclusion that minor marriage, because it has corruption and harms, including negative psychological, physical, sexual, social and family consequences, is an example of injustice, and is in conflict with the rule of justice, which is also a rational principle and in line with the taste of the Holy Shari'a. Therefore, considering that the principle of marriage is a rational matter and its realization is subject to the realization of rational principles, it is preferred wherever it is in conflict with the rational principle. Therefore, the author concluded in this article that the principle of permitting a minor marriage needs to be reviewed by the jurist and mujtahid in order to take into account the temporal, spatial, and social conditions in that ruling.

This article examines the concerns, protective efforts, and caregiving of mothers experiencing violence concerning their shared children with the perpetrator. Drawing on 46 qualitative interviews, it reveals how the post-separation abuse affects their children and what the mothers do to safeguard and nurture their children's development as individuals and citizens.

The study contributes to understanding abused mothers’ parenting practices and the
consequences of post-separation abuse for their children. Often, these mothers encounter distrust regarding their victimhood and parenting capabilities. The article addresses this epistemic injustice, restoring abused mothers as competent parents and reliable sources of knowledge about their children about their children, emphasising that disbelief can prevent children from receiving necessary support and perpetuate post-separation abuse.
Keywords
abused mothers, post-separation abuse, parenting, care, epistemic injustice

The decision to end a marriage often comes after months, sometimes years, of uncertainty. Once that decision is made, another set of questions begins. What documents are needed? What happens if your spouse disagrees? How are maintenance and child custody handled? And should you try to settle before going to court? A divorce lawyer can help put these questions into a legal framework. The first step is not necessarily filing a case. It is understanding where you stand, which issues need attention and what options are realistically available. Friends and relatives often share their own experiences, but matrimonial matters are highly dependent on individual circumstances. What worked for one couple may be completely unsuitable for another. A divorce lawyer in Mumbai will generally need to understand whether both spouses agree to separate, whether children are involved, whether maintenance is likely to be an issue and whether any other legal proceedings are already underway. Where both spouses agree to divorce, a mutual consent route may be considered, subject to the applicable legal requirements. However, agreement to separate does not automatically settle every connected issue. Maintenance, child custody, access, financial arrangements and other matters may still require discussion. Where agreement is not possible, the matter may become contested. The facts, grounds relied upon, documents and other relevant material can then become particularly important. There is no single timeframe for every matter. The type of divorce, unresolved issues, procedural requirements and individual circumstances can affect the duration.

The family is the most important social unit that has many effects on the health of nthe society and the continuity of childbearing. The first pillar of family formatio is marriage and the most vulnerable issue for both the family and the society is divorce. Considering the importance of this topic, the current research was conducted with the aim of studying the social, cultural and economic causes affecting divorce among the experts, the most effective and the most informed of the tasmim system in the city of Birjand in the year 1400. This research is of an applied type and based on the type The approach has a qualitative. approach The studied community is a range of experts, professors and psychologists, ated ingjudges and other people involved in the issue of divorce, who were investi od andhthe form of a targeted sampling of 19 people by the in-depth interview met endata analysis was also done with the help of MAXDA software. And it was do ehbased on three methods of free, central and selective coding proposed in t ng toigrounded theory method. Finally, 26 main categories have been found accord hichwthe subject including social and cultural causes in the field of divorce, rovince,paccording to regional, cultural conditions and religion of South Khorasan some of the most discussed causes of divorce among the sample population include addiction, infidelity, economic issues such as financial problems, ageiforced and imposed marriages, adherence to the traditional culture of marr and divorce, and issues of this kind

This article examines the Orthodox understanding of marriage, divorce, and remarriage from theological, canonical, and pastoral perspectives. In Orthodox theology, marriage is understood above all as a mystery or sacrament: through the blessing of the Church and the invocation of the Holy Spirit, the union of man and woman is transfigured into a spiritual communion oriented towards life in Christ and the Kingdom of God. Marriage is therefore not primarily defined by procreation, but by the mutual love, communion, and spiritual growth of the spouses. As an image of the relationship between Christ and the Church, the Christian household becomes a “domestic Church,” and the unity and uniqueness of marriage constitute its theological ideal.

At the same time, Orthodox tradition recognises the tension between this eschatological and sacramental ideal and the fragility of human existence. Divorce is never regarded as a positive good, but as the tragic consequence of the breakdown of a marital communion that should, by its nature, be enduring. Nevertheless, the Church may acknowledge that a marriage has effectively ceased to exist and, in particular circumstances, permit remarriage. Such a concession does not constitute a denial of the principle of marital unity and indissolubility, but is an application of oikonomia: the Church’s pastoral exercise of discernment and compassion in response to human weakness. Oikonomia does not abolish the canonical norm (akribeia), nor does it establish a general exception or precedent; rather, it seeks to prevent the wounded or fallen person from being permanently excluded from ecclesial communion and from the healing grace of God.

Particular emphasis is therefore placed on pastoral accompaniment. Before ecclesiastical authority recognises a divorce or permits remarriage, every effort should be made to foster reconciliation and healing. The priest and spiritual father have an essential role not only in situations of marital crisis, but also in preparing couples for marriage and accompanying them throughout their common life. The Church is called to approach divorced and remarried persons without moralism or condemnation, integrating them into the liturgical and spiritual life of the ecclesial community. In this perspective, Orthodox teaching seeks to hold together fidelity to the Gospel ideal of a unique and lasting marriage with mercy towards those whose married life has been broken. The practice of oikonomia thus emerges not as a relaxation of the Church’s theology of marriage, but as an expression of its pastoral responsibility to lead the human person towards repentance, healing, and renewed participation in the life of grace.

کتاب «به وقت گریه‌ی مردان»؛ پژوهشی درباره خشونت علیه جنس مذکر در جامعه ایران
اثری از: کامیل احمدی و همکاران منتشر شد
این پژوهش با رویکردی میدانی به یکی از ابعاد کمتر دیده‌شده‌ی خشونت جنسیتی می‌پردازد و تجربه‌ها و آسیب‌های مردان و پسران را در مواجهه با ساختارهای اجتماعی و کلیشه‌های مردانگی بررسی می‌کند

پرداختن به این موضوع به هیچ وجه به معنای کم‌اهمیت جلوه دادن خشونت علیه زنان نیست. خشونت علیه زنان همچنان مسئله‌ای جدی و انکارناپذیر است که نیاز به توجه و اقدام مداوم دارد

این پژوهش در پی ایجاد رقابت میان رنج‌ها نیست؛ بلکه می‌کوشد نگاه ما را به پدیده‌ی خشونت گسترده‌تر کند تا صداها و تجربه‌های متنوع دیده و شنیده شوند

«به وقت گریه‌ی مردان» دعوتی است به درکی فراگیرتر از عدالت و امنیت؛ جایی که زندگی عاری از خشونت، حق همگان است. منتشر شده در سه قالب: چاپی، الکترونیکی و صوتی. لینک کتاب

https://kameelahmady.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/when_men_cry_fa.pdf

When Men Cry: A Study of Violence Against the Male Gender in Iranian Society.
By: Kameel Ahmady and colleagues

This field-based study explores an often overlooked aspect of gender-based violence: the experiences and harms faced by men and boys in relation to social structures and stereotypes of masculinity. Addressing violence against men does not diminish the seriousness of violence against women, which remains a critical and undeniable issue. The aim is not to create a competition of suffering, but to broaden our understanding of violence and include diverse voices and experiences. When Men Cry invites a more inclusive understanding of justice and safety, where living free from violence is recognized as a right for everyone. Published by Avaye Buf, Denmark, 2026. Also published in Farsi and Kurdish.
Available in print, ebook, and audiobook formats. PDF link of the book:

https://kameelahmady.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Violence-Against-Men-.pdf

#به_وقت_گریه_ی_مردان #کامیل_احمدی #خشونت_علیه_مردان #خشونت_جنسیتی #مطالعات_جنسیت #پژوهش #عدالت_اجتماعی #حقوق_بشر #GenderStudies #ViolenceAgainstMen #GenderStudies #SocialJustice #HumanRights #kameel_ahmady

Hanefî mezhebinde yerleşik denklik (kefâet) öğretisine göre nikâh akdinde erkeğin kadına denk olması, yani belli birtakım vasıfların (denklik unsurları) kadında bulunması halinde bunların erkekte de bulunması şarttır. Denklik probleminin bulunduğu bir nikâh bazı durumlarda bağlayıcı (lâzım) olmadığından velilerin itirazı sonrasında feshi kabil iken bazı durumlarda geçersiz (bâtıl) sayılmaktadır. 770/1369 yılında Memlük sarayında Hanefî kâdılkudâtı Sirâcüddin el-Hindî’nin (ö. 773/1372) sultanın kız kardeşiyle üst düzey bir emîr arasında kıydığı nikâhın, damadın geline denk olmadığı gerekçesiyle bâtıl (gayri sahîh) olduğu iddiası Hanefî denklik öğretisinin tartışmaya açılmasına neden olmuştur. Hindî bu iddia üzerine dönemin toplumsal şartlarını dikkate alarak geliştirdiği klasik doktrinin sınırlarını zorlayan bir yorum üzerinden kıydığı nikâhın meşruiyetini savunan risâlesini (Risâle fî mesʾeleti’l-kefâʾeh) yazmıştır. Yakın zamanda yayımlanan bu risâledeki bir müstensih notu vesilesiyle Bâbertî’nin (ö. 786/1384) Hindî’ye bir reddiye kaleme aldığından haberdar olmuştuk. Ancak bu reddiyenin günümüze ulaştığına dair bir bilgiye sahip değildik. Yakın zamanda tarafımızca keşfedilen el-İntisâr li’l-Eimmeti’l-Ahyâr adlı reddiye risâlesinde Bâbertî, yerleşik Hanefî denklik öğretisini ve Hindî’nin kıydığı nikâhın dört mezhebe göre de sahih olmadığını savunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte risâle bilhassa yerleşik Hanefî denklik öğretisinin temellendirilmesine katkı sunacak özgün yorumlar da içermektedir. Bu çalışma Bâbertî’nin iddia ve itirazlarını merkeze alarak Hanefî denklik öğretisinin temelleri ve toplumsal değişim karşısındaki esnekliği çerçevesinde ikili arasındaki tartışmanın kapsamlı bir analizini sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İslam hukuku, Memlükler, Nikâh, Denklik, Kefâet, Risâle, Ekmeleddin el-Bâbertî, Sirâceddin el-Hindî.

---

According to the Ḥanafī doctrine of kafāʾa (marital compatibility), a marriage's validity and binding force depend on the groom's equivalence to the bride, as certain attributes required in the woman must also be present in the man. A deficiency may render the marriage non-binding (ghayr lāzim) or, in some cases, invalid (bāṭil). In 770/1369, a marriage officiated by the Ḥanafī qāḍī al-quḍāt between the sultan's sister and a prominent amīr became controversial on the grounds of non-equivalence, generating debate over the doctrine of kafāʾa. In response, al-Hindī composed a treatise (Risāla fī masʾalat al-kafāʾa) defending the marriage through a reinterpretation of the classical doctrine, considering contemporary social conditions. al-Bābartī's refutation-known only from a margin note in al-Hindī's treatise-was not known to have survived. The discovery of al-Intiṣār li'l-Aʾimma al-Akhyār shows that he defended the established Ḥanafī kafāʾa doctrine, arguing that the marriage was invalid according to four Sunnī schools, while advancing original interpretations on the doctrine's foundations. By focusing al-Bābartī's claims and objections, this study provides an analysis of the debate, the normative bases of kafāʾa, and its adaptability to social change.
Keywords: Islamic law, Mamluks, Marriage, Equivalency, Kafāʾa, Treatise Akmal al-Dīn al-Bābartī, Sirāj al-Dīn al-Hindī.

Christ brought a rebellion to human life according to religious and ethical orders. Christians should put these orders into practice in their daily life. Christian ethics emphasized that morality should unite with Christ and Church&#39;s sacred mysteries, otherwise it was not worthy. The central feature of Byzantine culture was Orthodox Christianity. Christian Ethics in the Byzantine Empire was not a systematic philosophical discipline but an occasional response to particular problems posed in everyday life or interpreting the Scripture. The Christian law and the Church commandments were set within the context of devotion to God but were deontological standards defining what this morality was. The highest ethical duty of a Christian was the same as the greatest commandment: love God and love your neighbor. In this paper, we are going to search for vicious and good/virtuous relationships in the teachings of the Church Fathers based on the social structure and gender relations in the ...

This article uses the records of Catholic annulment trials as a unique window into sex in twentieth-century Europe, turning to five case studies within the context of Spain's transition to democracy to uncover everyday experiences of sexual failure against the backdrop of a period better remembered for political liberalisation and cultural permissiveness. It does so by combining insights from a recent boom in failure studies with those from sociological script theory, focusing on surprisingly durable expectations around heterosexual sex to interrogate hidden experiences and understandings of intimacy. It argues that the ecclesiastical courts constituted 'regimes of failure' which gave voice to a far longer-term process of putting sex on trial. For the couples concerned, failure was not an isolated incident or inherent fact, but a deeply social phenomenon which was encountered, rationalised, and managed over the long term within a community context. Whilst these specialised cases cannot, by themselves, overturn simplistic understandings of one-way liberalisation in Spain and across Europe, they serve as a rare reminder of the ways in which the hitherto neglected phenomenon of sexual failure can operate in outwardly permissive societies, with implications for our understandings of secularisation, liberalisation, and modernity.

The increasing refugee population in Kenya necessitates a nuanced understanding of effective integration strategies by relevant stakeholders. Language barriers constitute a significant impediment to refugees’ successful adaptation, particularly when the host country’s official language is unfamiliar. This study examines the vocabulary learning strategies employed by Congolese refugee learners within informal educational settings in Kasarani sub-county. The investigation focuses on metacognitive, cognitive, memory-related, compensation, affective, and social strategies. Utilizing a correlational research design, data were collected from 87 learners across 10 informal learning environments selected through simple random sampling. Instruments included a Likert-scale questionnaire and a vocabulary performance test. An 87% response rate (72/82) ensured the reliability and validity of the data. Findings reveal a predominant reliance on cognitive strategies, indicating a preference for learner-centered approaches that involve active self-regulation and monitoring. The prominence of these strategies is attributed to the informal learning context, characterized by minimal structured instruction, which necessitates self-directed learning behaviors. These results contribute to the understanding of language acquisition processes among refugee populations in resource-constrained educational settings and underscore the importance of supporting autonomous learning strategies to facilitate integration.

The element of feminine emotion and feelings makes part of the problem of resistance and its internal and external structures and relations recognizable. A number of maps and connotations that reconstruct the strong connection between the purity of the feminine sense and the violent world of war, through this factor, give possible and broad meanings to this pure and pure human concept. This study, with the help of semantic sign approaches and text description and analysis methods, analyzes the novel of Qamar Kilani, the lady of Syrian resistance literature, on the subject of female emotion. The scope of this article is limited to examining the role and position of Syrian women in the novel "Al-Dawameh" based on the method and pattern of Fontaine's emotional schemas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation, production and reception of meaning in the field of women's sustainability literature. The discourse suggests how Qamar Kilani develops resistance concepts using her feminine emotions and citing Haziran war as a historic event. She discards common writing styles and provides the reader with sudden happenings. According to the principles relevant to the sign-semantic of the emotional discourse schema, patriotism, encouraging compatriots to scarify themselves for their country, admiration of martyrdom, illustrating the horrors of war, and such like are among important resistance factors had been dealt with in the this novel.

This article explores the role of parents in shaping motivation, discipline, creativity, and long-term progress in children and adolescents learning music. Moving beyond the simple opposition of encouragement versus pressure, it presents a holistic view of music education as a collaborative process between the student, teacher, and family. Drawing on principles from educational psychology such as growth mindset, self-efficacy, and deliberate practice, the article explains why many students struggle with practice not due to laziness, but due to fear of mistakes, excessive pressure, or unclear expectations.
It further outlines practical strategies for parents to foster intrinsic motivation, including supportive communication, constructive feedback, and creating a safe emotional and physical environment for practice. Special attention is given to performance anxiety, perfectionism, physical health of musicians, and the importance of creativity in early musical development. The article concludes that sustainable musical growth emerges not from coercion, but from a balanced integration of structured learning, emotional support, and meaningful engagement with music.

Among the deviations, the issue of murder, which is the most severe type of crime, causes irreparable damage to the family and, of course, to society. Since murder reduces the sense of social security and affects mental and social health, it is necessary to study and investigate what causes and factors affect the commission of the crime of murder by women. Also, by understanding these factors, practical solutions can be provided to reduce such a tragedy for the family and society.In the present study, which was conducted using a descriptiveanalytical method, a questionnaire was prepared to find out the most effective causes of murder committed by women in Isfahan province. In this study, all women accused and convicted of murder in Isfahan Prison constitute the statistical population. Based on the Morgan table, the sample size was 30 women convicted or accused of murder present in Isfahan Prison. The sampling method used is simple random sampling (SRS) and is available. After summarizing, the data was statistically analyzed in the SPSS software using a descriptive method. The results showed that economic factors had no effect on women committing murder. Among social factors, low education, husband's rejection of God, wife's unhealthy entertainment, lack of entertainment for the client, very weak emotional relationships, and among psychological factors, mental illness and aggression of the client's wife, addiction were identified as the most important causes of women committing murder.

ABSTRACT Que signifie parler du mariage aujourd’hui dans une Église qui est encore en train de se réconcilier avec la vision du Concile Vatican II? Fondée sur une approche pastorale centrée sur la personne, cette étude propose une réévaluation de la théologie du mariage, en combinant réflexion théologique et analyse canonique, tout en concevant le mariage comme une communion d’amour dynamique et source de vie. Au coeur de cette réflexion se trouve la vision de Vatican II, toujours aussi convaincante et inachevée, mais qui continue de façonner la compréhension que l’Église a d’elle-même. Attentifs aux réalités vécues par les couples et les familles, les auteurs se penchent sur les enseignements et les normes actuels de l’Église, en mettant en évidence les domaines où un développement et une plus grande sensibilité pastorale sont nécessaires. Aucune réponse facile n’est proposée ici. Au contraire, le lecteur est invité à entrer dans un processus de dialogue et de discernement où la tradition n’est pas abandonnée, mais où on lui permet de grandir.

O projeto de extensão tem como objetivo central divulgar conteúdo informativo sobre os efeitos jurídicos de dois institutos do Direito das Famílias: o casamento e o divórcio. É importante destacar que o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) aprovou no ano de 2021 a Resolução n.º 402, a qual instituiu a obrigatoriedade dos cartórios de registro civil de pessoas naturais (RCPNs) de disponibilizar aos nubentes materiais informativos sobre o casamento civil. O art. 4º da referida Resolução dispõe que essa medida tem como objetivo prestar aos interessados em se casar as informações jurídicas necessárias à compreensão do casamento e de suas formalidades. Assim, considerando o enorme desconhecimento da sociedade sobre os efeitos jurídicos do casamento, bem como dos regimes de bens possíveis de adoção para cada casal, este projeto tem como intenção divulgar materiais que possam elucidar a população macaense dos direitos e dos deveres envolvidos em uma relação conjugal.

کتێبی "بە کاتی گریانی پیاوان؛ توێژینەوەیەک سەبارەت بە توندوتیژی دژی ڕەگەزی نێر لە کۆمەڵگەی ئێراندا" چاپ و بڵاوکرایەوە

The book “When Men Cry: A Study of Violence Against Men in Iranian Society” has been published.

کتێبی "بە کاتی گریانی پیاوان ..." لە نووسینی کامیل ئەحمەدی و هاوکارانی وەک نوێترین بەرهەمی بواری لێکۆڵینەوەیی ڕەگەز و جێندەر چاپ و بڵاو کرایەوە.
ئەم لێکۆڵینەوه به ڕوانگەیەکی نوێ و مێتۆدی مەیدانی، یەکیک لە لایەنە پەردەپۆشکراوەکانی توندوتیژی جێندەری دەخاته ڕوو، کە بریتیە لە ئەزموون و خەسارە بەرکەوتووەکانی پیاوان و کوڕان له بەڕامبەر پێکهاتهی کۆمەڵایەتی و کلێشەکانی پیاویەتی.
دیارە تاوتویکردنی ئەم پرسە قەت بە مانای بێ بایەخکردنی توندوتیژی دژی ژنان نییە. لە ڕوانگەی ئەم توێژینەوەیەوە، هێشتا توندوتیژی دژی ژنان بابەتێکی جیددی و حاشا هەڵنەگرە کە پێویستی بە گرنگیدان و کردەوەی بەردەوام هەیە.
بە واتایەکی تر ئامانجی ئەم توێژینەوەیە دژبەری یان کێبڕکێی نێوان ئازارەکان نییە؛ بەڵکو فراوانکردنی بواری دیدمانە بەرەو دیاردەی توندوتیژی. تێگەیشتن لە توندوتیژی کاتێک تەواوتر دەبێت کە هەموو دەنگەکان بە ژن و پیاو و کچ و کوڕ و تاک و گروپی خاوەن ئاراستە و شوناسی جۆراوجۆرەوە ببینرێن و ببیسترێن.
" بە کاتی گریانی پیاوان ..." بانگهێشتێکە بۆ تێگەیشتنێکی گشتگیرتر لە دادپەروەری و ئاسایش؛ ئەو جێگایەی کە ژیانێکی دوور لە توندوتیژی مافی هەموو مرۆڤەکانە.
چاپکراوی ئەم بەرهەمە کە ئێستا لەبەردەستی خوێنەران و ئارەزوومەندانی توێژینەوەی جێندەر و کۆمەڵناسیی ڕەگەزە، لەلایەن چاپخانەی ئاڤای بووف ڕەوانەی بازاڕی کتێب کراوە.
هەروەها وەشانی PDF و وەشانی دەنگی کتێبەکە بەردەستە و لە ڕێگەی ماڵپەڕی تایبەتی نووسەرەوە دەتوانن دایبگرن و بیخوێننەوە..
لینکی دابەزاندنی کتێبەکە :

https://kameelahmady.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/2026-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86.pdf


#کامیل_احمدی #کامیل_ئەحمەدی #مطالعات_جنسیت #به_وقت_گریه_مردان #بە_کاتی_گریانی_پیاوان #خشونت_جنسی #توندوتیژی_ڕەگەزی #مردان_پسران #پیاوان_کوڕان #خشونت_علیه_مذکر #توندوتیژی_دژ_بە_ڕەگەزی_نێر #آوای_بوف #ئاڤای_بووف

The Greek word porneia underlies all Christian sexual teachings. Read within the prophetic conception of God as husband, it clearly is a term for rival allegiance, idolatry, and covenantal betrayal. Later Christian interpretation detached this language from the divine marriage and recast it as a system for regulating human sexual behavior.

La progressiva transizione dalla "famiglia-istituzione" alla centralità dell'autonomia privata ha portato ad una sempre maggiore contrattualizzazione dei rapporti tra coniugi. In questo contesto però gli accordi preventivi della crisi coniugale sono a lungo rimasti paralizzati nella bolla della radicale nullità per illiceità della causa, contraria all’ordine pubblico e al principio di inderogabilità dei diritti e doveri originanti dal matrimonio ex art. 160 c.c.

Per superare tale rigidità, che mal si conciliava con le esigenze pratiche di tutela delle posizioni economiche di ambedue i coniugi, la giurisprudenza di legittimità ha progressivamente fatto ricorso all'artificio della condizione sospensiva lecita, declassando la separazione da causa genetica dell’accordo a mero evento accidentale esterno. L’ordinanza della Cassazione del 21 luglio 2025 n. 20415 si inserisce proprio in questo solco, convalidando un patto a prestazioni corrispettive efficace al momento della crisi.

Il presente elaborato, proprio come la pronuncia del 2025, si interroga sulla «validità dei patti tra coniugi, in previsione della crisi familiare, volti a stabilire in che modo debbano essere regolati i loro rapporti personali e patrimoniali nel momento in cui dovesse sopravvenire una crisi matrimoniale». A questo fine l’analisi si svilupperà in tre capitoli: il primo volto ad analizzare l’evoluzione nomofilattica, il secondo ad approfondire il contenuto dell’ordinanza della Suprema Corte e il terzo dedicato ad un’analisi critica delle argomentazioni dei giudici di legittimità.

In the past decades, the attitude toward the family has changed in the fields of marriage, marital relation, and parenting in Iran. The influence of the family and the appropriate performance of its roles, especially the transmission of the values and culture of the society, are affected by the members' attitudes. Considering the importance of the family issue and the attitude toward it, the researcher tried to extract the components of the attitude toward the family in the three areas of marriage, marital relation, and parenting from religious sources, and based on the components, made the relevant questionnaire. The approach of the research is qualitative-quantitative, in the sense that in the qualitative part, the content analysis of religious texts was applied, and in the quantitative part, the research is a descriptive-survey one, which is used to measure the validity of the attitude components and questionnaire items. The purpose of the research is applied. In this research, first the concepts related to the family and attitude toward it were categorized, and the components related to the attitude toward the family were extracted using open coding and axial coding. To measure the validity of components and items, the ideas of experts of religious sciences and psychology were used. After the evaluation of the components by the experts, 32 components in three areas and ten dimensions were confirmed, and according to these components, 95 items were obtained for making the questionnaire. Then, to confirm the research data, confirmatory factor analysis and CVI were applied among a sample of 205 people, and to measure its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and split-half method were used. Their reliability coefficients were reported as 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, which shows that the questionnaire has a good reliability.

Family pathology studies the context and factors that undermine the health and stability of the family, and its goal is to describe and explain the damage in the relationships of family members and family functions. This book presents theories of family pathology from an Islamic psychological, sociological, and spiritual perspective. Some family pathologies include: cohabitation, homosexuality, celibacy, premature marriage, problems during marriage, poor knowledge and skills in husband-wife management, communication and structural problems in the family, sexual problems, conflict, breach of contract, marital violence, infertility, addiction, and divorce. The damage to relationships with children was examined in the following cases: reluctance to have children, inappropriate parenting style, challenges in the religious, scientific, social, and moral upbringing of children; child abuse, generational gap, identity problems, running away from home, problems of adult children in the family, and issues of single-parent children. The following environmental harms to the family were also examined: problems in relationships with the main family, relatives, and friends, problems related to the husband and wife's employment, problems caused by social issues, and harms related to the media.

Couple therapy has entered a period of substantial conceptual and methodological development. Once dominated by a relatively limited number of face-to-face therapeutic models, the field now encompasses evidence-based relational interventions, transdiagnostic approaches, digital delivery systems, culturally responsive frameworks, and increasingly sophisticated methods of assessment and outcome evaluation. These developments reflect broader changes in family structure, communication patterns, social expectations, technology use, and understandings of psychological well-being (Taee et al., 2025; Zhao et al., 2025). As couple relationships become embedded in increasingly complex social and digital environments, research must move beyond the question of whether couple therapy works and toward a more differentiated investigation of what works, for whom, under what conditions, and through which mechanisms.
One of the most important foundations of contemporary couple therapy remains the continued development and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. Research has increasingly emphasized the need for theoretically coherent treatments supported by systematic empirical assessment rather than reliance on clinical intuition alone. Intervention studies addressing marital satisfaction, intimacy, communication, conflict management, emotional regulation, attachment, and relational resilience have contributed to a more cumulative science of couple therapy (Rajaei & Sahebi, 2021; Smyth & Katz, 2021). At the same time, the growing diversity of therapeutic models indicates that no single approach is likely to be optimal for every couple. Comparative effectiveness research is therefore becoming increasingly important, particularly research examining mechanisms of therapeutic change rather than merely pre-treatment and post-treatment differences.
A related direction concerns the integration of individual psychological processes into relational formulations. Couple distress rarely develops independently of emotion regulation, cognitive patterns, attachment insecurity, trauma histories, personality characteristics, stress exposure, or broader mental health difficulties. Recent research increasingly recognizes that couple therapy must address the reciprocal influence between individual functioning and dyadic processes (McKee et al., 2023; Rahmati & Kermani Baghestani, 2024). This movement encourages researchers to examine not only relationship satisfaction as a global outcome but also specific pathways through which interventions influence emotional responsiveness, empathy, trust, forgiveness, conflict escalation, sexual and emotional intimacy, and adaptive communication.
The expansion of digital mental health represents another major frontier. Teletherapy, videoconference-based counseling, online psychoeducational programs, mobile applications, digital self-monitoring tools, artificial intelligence-supported communication systems, and blended therapeutic models are altering how relational interventions can be delivered. Digital platforms may reduce geographic and logistical barriers, facilitate continuity of care, and extend access to couples who would otherwise be unable or unwilling to attend conventional services (Wang, 2024; Zhao et al., 2025). However, digital delivery should not be treated merely as a technological replication of in-person therapy. It creates distinctive clinical and ethical questions involving privacy, therapeutic alliance, digital literacy, crisis management, engagement, data protection, and the interpretation of relational behavior mediated through technology.
Artificial intelligence is likely to intensify this transformation. Emerging systems may assist with screening, psychoeducation, progress monitoring, conversational analysis, personalized therapeutic exercises, and early identification of problematic interaction patterns. Yet the incorporation of artificial intelligence into couple therapy requires rigorous evaluation rather than technological enthusiasm. Researchers must investigate validity, bias, transparency, confidentiality, clinical accountability, and the possibility that algorithmic systems may fail to understand relational nuance or culturally embedded meanings (Mutluer et al., 2026; Spytska, 2025). The most productive research agenda will therefore examine how technological tools can augment—not replace—the expertise, ethical judgment, contextual understanding, and relational sensitivity of trained therapists.
Cultural responsiveness constitutes an equally important direction. Much of the established literature in psychotherapy has historically emerged from specific cultural contexts, while assumptions concerning marriage, intimacy, gender roles, parenting, family boundaries, emotional expression, and conflict resolution vary considerably across societies. Couple therapy research must therefore avoid treating relational norms developed in one cultural context as universal standards. Culturally responsive practice requires attention to values, religion, extended family systems, migration, socioeconomic conditions, gender expectations, language, community norms, and culturally specific understandings of marital responsibility and well-being (Atapour & Darbani, 2024; Jahandehideh & Ehlalzehi, 2024). Adaptation should go beyond translating intervention manuals; it should involve examining whether therapeutic goals, concepts, techniques, and measures have equivalent meanings across populations.
The field must also expand its understanding of diversity within couples. Contemporary couple therapy research should be sufficiently flexible to address differences in age, duration of relationship, family life cycle, infertility, chronic illness, disability, remarriage, migration, financial strain, caregiving, work-family conflict, and other contexts that shape relational functioning. Studies of couples exposed to major stressors are particularly valuable because such circumstances often reveal how individual vulnerability, dyadic coping, and social context interact. Research emphasizing resilience and relational strengths, rather than exclusively pathology and dysfunction, may further enrich intervention design (Rostami et al., 2025; Taee et al., 2025).
Methodological innovation will be essential to these emerging directions. Traditional randomized and quasi-experimental studies remain indispensable, but future work should increasingly incorporate longitudinal designs, intensive repeated measurement, dyadic data analysis, ecological momentary assessment, mediation and moderation models, qualitative inquiry, and mixed-method research. Because partners' experiences are interdependent, analytical strategies that treat individuals as statistically independent may obscure important relational mechanisms. More attention should therefore be given to actor-partner effects, reciprocal influence, within-couple variability, treatment trajectories, and therapist-level factors. Similarly, the field needs studies that move beyond statistical significance to examine clinically meaningful change, durability of outcomes, treatment adherence, dropout, accessibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness (Wagner & Schwind, 2025).
Another priority is the translation of research into routine clinical practice. The existence of an efficacious intervention does not guarantee its successful implementation in community clinics, counseling centers, hospitals, or private practice. Therapists work with couples presenting multiple simultaneous concerns, limited resources, varying readiness for change, and complex cultural and family environments. Implementation research can therefore help identify the training, supervision, organizational support, technological infrastructure, and adaptation processes necessary to preserve treatment integrity while allowing appropriate clinical flexibility. Closing the gap between research settings and everyday practice should become a central objective of the next generation of couple therapy scholarship.
Ultimately, the future of couple therapy research will be shaped by integration. Evidence-based intervention, cultural sensitivity, digital innovation, methodological rigor, and implementation science should not develop as isolated domains. The most influential research will connect these areas and examine relationships as dynamic systems embedded simultaneously in psychological, interpersonal, cultural, socioeconomic, and technological contexts. Such a perspective can help the field develop interventions that are not only effective under controlled conditions but also accessible, ethical, personalized, culturally meaningful, and sustainable in real-world settings.
In recognition of these emerging priorities, we invite researchers, clinicians, and interdisciplinary scholars to submit original manuscripts for the final issue of 2026, with particular emphasis on “Emerging Directions in Couple Therapy Research: From Evidence-Based Interventions to Digital and Culturally Responsive Practice.” We welcome empirical studies, randomized and quasi-experimental trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, qualitative and mixed-method investigations, methodological papers, and theoretically grounded clinical research.
Submissions addressing evidence-based couple interventions, mechanisms of therapeutic change, comparative treatment effectiveness, attachment and emotion regulation, communication and intimacy, teletherapy and digital interventions, artificial intelligence in relational care, culturally adapted couple therapy, dyadic assessment and analysis, diverse couple populations, implementation science, therapist training, and innovative models of prevention and intervention are particularly encouraged.
This special thematic focus seeks to bring together scholarship that can advance couple therapy beyond conventional boundaries and strengthen its scientific, technological, and cultural relevance....