Woodworking Hand Tools

1. UVOD Sjekira i mačeta svrstavaju se u perkusivni alat s oštricom, koji za svoje djelovanje zahtijeva propulzivnu silu (Fraser, 1989) proizvedenu kružnim gibanjem alata. Primarna namjena i vegetacijsko okruženje unutar kojeg se ovi alati koriste, prilično su različiti. Sjekira je šumarski alat i tradicionalno se koristi za rušenje, čišćenje krošnje, segmentiranje i cijepanje drveta. Mačeta se za razliku od sjekire koristi za sječu vegetacije manjeg promjera i gustoće, primjerice za krčenje puta kroz gustu vegetaciju, sječu mladog drveća ili za žetvu nekih usjeva (šećerna trska, riža, kukuruz). Postoje brojni varijeteti ovih alata, tipičnih za različite regije svijeta i specifične poslove. Duljina sjekire može biti između 20 i 90 cm, a težina između 500 i 2500 grama. Mačeta varira između 40 i 70 cm duljine i težine oko 300-900 grama (USDA Forest service, 2005). Među entuzijastima, ljubiteljima prirode, istraživačima i vojnicima, oba alata imaju široku primjenu. Izbor jednog ili drugog alata ovisit će o brojnim čimbenicima, a jedan od važnijih je učinkovitost u sječi drveta, vrlo dostupnog i često korištenog materijala za potrebe čovjeka u prirodi. Sa stajališta osobe koja planira nositi i koristiti jedan od ovih alata bilo bi zanimljivo podvrgnuti mačetu i sjekiru iste mase identičnom zadatku te utvrditi postoje li razlike u brzini obavljanja zadatka i prosječnoj energetskoj potrošnji pri radu. Slijedom toga, cilj je ovoga rada utvrditi koji je alat učinkovitiji u zadatku presijecanja drveta, mačeta ili sjekira težine 500 grama. Za potrebe rada testirat će se hipoteza H0: Nema razlike u učinkovitosti u presijecanju drveta promjera 10 cm između sjekire i mačete mase 500 g.

In this paper I begin unpacking the woodcarver’s experiences of working in green wood from a neurobiological perspective. The woodcarver’s experiences are often characterized as having an intense internal focus and an urge to overcome resistance. Previous research has discussed this overcoming of resistance as a preconscious and a conscious negotiation between maker and material. Recent research on neurobiology has increased our knowledge on the basic nervous system in humans. The aim of this paper is to try to bring together current neurobiological descriptions of the basis of what the wood carver do and experience. It is asserted that neurobiological knowledge on the woodcarver’s experience may open up a new and complimentary understanding of why or even if making matters. It is one in a series of three papers contributing towards developing a research-based hypothesis for a future possible interdisciplinary study.

In the main body of the text, I describe the neurons and neural circuits needed for moving and sensing. I also describe the cerebellum where data driven coordination of muscles takes place. Throughout the text, I discuss and relate these descriptions to the wood carver’s experience.

The paper ends with drawing up three tentative ideas for further exploration: 1) The overflow of information in cerebellum and the experience of intensity; 2) The function of cerebellum as generator of deliberate actions without the conscious self necessarily being aware and the pre-conscious element in the negotiation; and 3) the importance of the neural circuit between sensory input and muscle output at the cost of neural circuits between the cerebral cortex monitoring and self-reflection and the maker’s experience as being close to the material.

Keywords
Woodcarving, experience, neurobiology, moving and sensing, cerebellum

Hand block textile printing is an important operation in small scale textile industries of India. Hand tool
mechanisms designed to reduce the various risk factors have rarely been studied. To make comfortable
handle design, musculoskeletal disorders prevalence investigation of workers associated with hand block
printing operation has been done. Data related to musculoskeletal discomfort were collected from 80
workers (age group 18-60 years) using questionnaire. Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) technique was
applied for postural analysis. New hand block tool was designed using Autodesk Inventor 2014
(Educational Institute Version i.e. V5R12) and then analyzed with HyperMesh (Version 12.0) software.
Most of the workers reported that working with existing hand block tool is not comfortable. RULA
technique resulted as final score of arm and wrist for the working with existing hand block tool was found
out to be 5. After the modifications in hand block tool by using the ergonomics principles and
anthropometric data, RULA final score of arm and wrists for the working with developed hand block tool
was found out to be 3. The developed hand block tool has been revealed to be better than the existing one in
term of comfort level, it is improved 42.69% and production rate 29.62% increase as compared to the
existing hand block tool, it could offer an improved working facility and trim down unwanted workplace
injuries.

I spørjelista om snikkarhandverket i Ord og Sed i 1934 vart det stilt spørsmål om korleis ein festa emne som var for lang for høvelbenken. Ein stor del av dei som svarte forklarte at dei brukte skottbenk til dette. Eg har gått gjennom heile svarmaterialet og tatt med det som var av relevant informasjon om skottbenken og bruken av han. Til slutt har eg ei drøfting av svarmaterialet. Dette er ei samling av 5 postar på bloggen til Norsk Skottbenk Union. https://skottbenk.wordpress.com

Trowels are some of the basic Marshalltown tools that every plasterer must have. There has been a lot of talk and chatter about the different types of trowels in the market. Every new model attracts new commentaries and reviews. Some products are loved by many clients while others are not accepted. This is because of some of their outstanding qualities. Expert professionals can tell a smart and efficient trowel from those of poor quality. Even so, you do not have to compromise the quality of your work by purchasing poor quality trowels. Hence, you will want to look at the following factors when buying one.



-First, look at the weight of the equipment when held. Normally, comparing trowels from different manufacturers display some properties of the apparatus. For instance, some trowels are heavier than others. The extremely light trowels may not be the best for you. This is because they deny you the privilege of feeling the build quality of the trowels. On the other hand, the extremely heavy weighing trowels are also not good. Although you will feel their quality, they will cause you to tire pretty quickly. Consequently, they minimize your productivity. Therefore, the ideal trowel should have the right weight in your hands.

-Ensure the tools you opt for are well balanced. Some trowels especially those produced by trainers are often imbalanced. Some of them are heavier on other sides. This is a threat to your performance because they deny you the opportunity to plaster surfaces uniformly.

-Look at the price factor. Some manufacturers are so expensive that you may not want to purchase from them. Even so, there are producers who are way too cheap to be trusted. Go for a trowel that you trust to provide you with quality services. Its price should correspond with its usefulness. Factors like durability of the equipment should play a part in its pricing. However, you should not go for apparatus that are more expensive than you can afford. Luckily, if you know how to care for the tools, you can be sure that they will be of service across years. Even so, you should look at the reputation of the manufacturer of your tools of choice.


Characteristics of reliable manufacturers

Purchasing plaster tools demands that you look at the repute of the seller in the market. This is because of the temptation of booking for these equipment as soon as their press releases are announced. In the long run, you will pay for the product and make an order for one before they are in the market. Consider doing this only when you trust your manufacturer. They should be well known in the industry with an experienced staff. Peruse their reviews from their past sales to be certain that investing with them is worth the cost. They should also offer customer services through which they can guide you and help you to make better choices. An organization that offers warranty for their products is always a better choice!


Are you a plasterer looking for trowels among other plaster tools? Ensure you buy an affordable piece that is well balanced and heavy enough for comfortable handling. Ensure you purchase your Marshalltown tools from an organization that has a good repute in the market. This way, you will not make the wrong choices!

Part I of this series described how in 1866, the brothers Albert D. and Henry E. Goodell established a small business for manufacturing wooden furniture parts. Two years later, Albert received a patent for an “Improvement in Bit-stock” and the company began produc¬tion of a bit brace based on this patent. The Millers Falls Company bought the Goodell patent in 1870; the two brothers began working for Millers Falls and stayed with the company for eighteen years. At that point, the brothers left and established their own business, Goodell Brothers, but by 1882, the brothers had gone their separate ways. One of Henry’s companies, Goodell Brothers, was eventually purchased by William Pratt. That company became Goodell-Pratt. The careers of the Goodell brothers continued for many years, and William Pratt remained involved in their businesses off and on over this time. Part II examines the careers of the two brothers from 1897 until their deaths and their relationship with William Pratt.

A study of the inventory, preserved in the City of London's Plea and Memoranda Rolls, of the contents of the workshop of Richard Crips, 'wheeler', seized in payment of a debt in 1454. The study considers in particular the identification and function of the tools and equipment listed.

In a well-known English poem of about 1500, a carpenter's tools debate their contribution to their master's livelihood. This short note considers once more the identity of some of the more obscure tools, known only by their Middle English names.

Den pensjonerte tømraren Roald Haugli var fødd i 1929 på garden Haugli i Målselv. Han har lært tømring på tradisjonell måte gjennom å arbeide saman med faren og andre erfarne tømrarar. Gjennom intervjuet går vi inn på korleis han arbeidde med tømring av hus og hytter.