Translation theory

In Translation (في الترجمة) is an annual Journal issued by Annaba Badji Mokhtar University, Algeria. It is a refereed, double blind peer reviewed journal open for scholars, professors, and officials of translation and other related and associated disciplines, as comparative literature, literary studies, language studies, linguistics, didactics, culture, communication, economy, media, technology , and the like. It is an open access journal, which promotes research and enables users to download its articles free of any charge. In Translation accepts articles in Arabic, English, and French. The Journal is published in both print and online versions. It welcomes unpublished, original and full-length manuscripts that reflect the latest researches and developments of the above cited domains and disciplines.
You can get the relevant information at :https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/95 .

I intend to briefly overview the most significant issues and decisions translators make when producing English versions of the Bible.  We’ll begin with the original source documents for the Old and New Testaments to gain an appreciation for the starting place of translation work.  We’ll encounter several corruptions absent from the oldest manuscripts and see how our English Bibles handle them.  Then we’ll explore translation methodologies and decisions made at the outset.  This will put us in a good place to examine two popular versions: the King James Version (KJV) and the Message Bible (MSG), each of which illustrates important aspects of translation.  Lastly, we’ll consider a few examples where doctrinal bias shapes translation.  My aim in this work is to equip readers with the knowledge to understand what’s going on behind the scenes of English Bible translation so that they can not only spot and avoid problematic versions, but also read quality translations with a trained eye.

Urdu  and English are two vastly different languages and deceptive equivalence is not uncommon in fictional translation. The paper focuses on the Literary stylistics as  an intermediary discipline mediating between linguistics and literary criticism. With the precision of linguistics, it can help fend off the general impressionistic comments and intuitive analysis.  Literary linguistics is an effective tool in  fictional translation to help identify the “artistically or thematically motivated stylistic choices” in the original and thus help avoid deceptive equivalence and reduce stylistic losses in the translation.

Translator behavior criticism theory is regarded as one of the main current translation studies theory in China. It is proposed by Professor Zhou Lingshun in 2010 and now it has been 10 years. This article starts from translators' position as the center, which provides the background for this theory. Then it moves on to make clear the main proposals and practice of this theory, especially his "truth-seeking and utility attaining" continuum mode of evaluation. Through this continuum mode, one can measure the degree of rationality of a translator's behavior by taking various factors into consideration, hence the evaluation of the translated version. After that this article talks about the significance and limitations of this theory. His theory is a breakthrough in translation studies, but still needs to be further polished.

This research examines the translation of the swear words of a Turkish film (GORA, 2004) into English subtitles. So far, the most closely related research on translation of swearing in the Turkish Soler-Pardo, 2015). The main reason for this paper is the current research gap in translating the Turkish swear words into another language (English). Throughout this research, the English subtitle translation of Cem Yılmaz's GORA (2004) was picked on Netflix and parts which contained swear words were documented on a .txt file, were marked and analyzed using swear words categories of Pinker (2007). Ameri & Ghazizadeh's (2014) swear word translation model, as well as Harvey's (2000) technique of 'functional equivalence' (2000, pp. 2-6) presented by the four main culture-based concepts of translation technique was used for the analysis. This article aims to explore and answer the following questions; (i) How have the Turkish swear words in GORA (2004) been translated into English? (ii) How and for what reason did changes in translation occur? The hypothesis of this research is as follows; (a) there will be a loss of meaning and function due to smoothing during the translation of swear words; (b) cultural contraction will be observed during the translation of swear words. The findings confirm the hypotheses and support that the words of curses are either completely omitted from the frame or changed in meaning by being softened. This shows that the translations also adopted a target language-oriented strategy during translation.

If science repudiates translation, then philosophy, the "translated science", repudiates itself. It fails to justify its own factual translation and therefore avoids acknowledging it. It denies that, far from undoing the difference between languages, translation itself reproduces linguistic diversity.

RESUMO: Este estudo investiga o impacto do conhecimento de domínio (SCARDAMALIA; BEREITER, 1991) e das subcompetências bilíngue, instrumental e conhecimento sobre tradução (PACTE, 2003) na avaliação da qualidade de textos traduzidos. Trechos de um manual de instrução traduzidos do inglês para o português por tradutores profissionais (LIPARINI CAMPOS, 2010) foram avaliados por informantes brasileiros, divididos em quatro grupos: bilíngues, de outras ocupações; tradutores profissionais; profissionais da área de saúde; pós-graduados e pós-graduandos em tradução, os quais deveriam informar os critérios utilizados na avaliação da qualidade. O critério mais informado pelos quatro grupos foi a equivalência de sentido com o texto-fonte, confirmando ser este o principal critério para avaliação da qualidade do texto traduzido (HOUSE, 2015). O segundo critério mais importante para os avaliadores com conhecimento de domínio da área de saúde foi o uso de vocabulário específico. Além disso, as traduções mais explícitas geralmente foram as mais bem avaliadas pelos quatro grupos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Critérios de avaliação de qualidade da tradução. Conhecimento de domínio. Subcompetência conhecimento sobre tradução. Subcompetência instrumental. Subcompetência bilíngue. ABSTRACT: This study investigates the impact of domain knowledge (SCARDAMALIA; BEREITER, 1991) and bilingual, instrumental and knowledge about translation sub-competences (PACTE, 2003) on the quality assessment of translated texts. Excerpts from an instruction manual translated from English to Portuguese by professional translators (LIPARINI CAMPOS, 2010) were evaluated by Brazilian informants, divided into four groups: bilinguals, from other occupations; professional translators; healthcare professionals; graduate-level translation students; translation instructors and certified professional translators, who should inform the criteria they use for quality assessment. The most informed criterion by the four groups was the equivalence of meaning with the source text, confirming that this is the main criterion for assessing the quality of the translated text (HOUSE, 2015), and the use of field specific vocabulary was the second most important criterion for the group of participants with health domain knowledge. In addition, the most explicit translations were best evaluated by all four groups.

Faced with the task of translating non-equivalence in which there are no readily available linguistic resources in the target language which would match that of the source language at a certain level (ranging from the word level to the sentence level), the translator has to rely on various translation strategies to handle the non-equivalence problems. These strategies have been classified by a translation expert (Mona Baker, 2011) into 7 categories which can be broadly divided into 3 groups with major characteristics including indirect translation, elaborated translation and reduced translation. Professional translators use these as legitimate ways to go through dilemmas brought about by translation of non-equivalence. In practice, however, there are cases where these translation strategies are inappropriately used which constitute mistakes rather than efficient pieces of translation. In this academic article, there are three main observations which can be used as guidelines to distinguish the appropriate use of translation strategies from the abuse of them. These include 1.) avoidable indirect translation, 2.) unnecessarily elaborated translation and 3.) excessively reduced translation. Data collected from various sources ranging from bilingual novels, magazines, signs and notices posted at tourist attractions to students' translated works have been analyzed to illustrate and establish the cases.

The article discusses the translation contaminations in the texts of the Rila recension and Priest Ioan’s recension of Istoriya Slavyanobalgarska. It marks and lists contaminations on different levels of language. The synchronic and diachronic manifestations of the aforementioned contaminations are pointed out along with their respective translations. The article proves that the contaminations and their linguistic peculiarities could be used as a diagnostic tool for finding links between the copies and recensions of a particular protograph.

To educate knowledgeable students in translation studies, it is essential to examine the real-world expectations of the students and investigate the teaching methods at universities. The main aim of this study was to examine MA students' expectations of Translation Theories as one of main courses in translation studies MA program in Iranian universities. To do so, MA classes of this very course were selected from different universities in Isfahan and were observed for one semester as the sample of the study. The participants were 107 MA translation students from three different universities in Isfahan, Iran. In order to collect the data, a student course evaluation questionnaire was used and the Chi-square test was run to analyze the data. The results revealed that the students were not satisfied with the course offered. They believed that theories of translation were not applicable because they did not learn how to use theories and how the theories could help them translate a text. In addition, the teaching methods were not satisfactory and did not encourage them for their future expectations. In order to reach its objectives, Translation Theories at the MA program needs revision and there must be a satisfactory coordination between students' expectations, course materials, and teaching methods. The findings of the study can help the curriculum designers to pay more attention to the learners' needs and help them design an applicable and comprehensive course.

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Translationsgeschichte der Arabischen Erzäh-lungen der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht' aus einer performativen, ausgangskulturorientier-ten Perspektive. Die Zweistufigkeit des Translationsprozesses als interlingua-ler/zweisprachiger Kommunikation impliziert eine eindimensionale Linearität, die die Beziehung zwischen Ausgangs-und Zieltext bestimmt. Die Effekte der Translation auf Produktion/Rezeption des Ausgangstextes fallen jenseits der konzeptuellen Reichweite des Translationsbegriffes und können prinzipiell nicht in einem translationstheoreti-schen Rahmen behandelt werden, was in einer statisch-genetischen Konzeption vom Ausgangstext als "Quelle" resultiert. Ich werde anhand der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht' argumentieren, dass eine neue Auffassung der Translation als performative Be-wegung in Richtung Ausgangstext die Komplexität translatorischen Handelns besser zeigen und die interpretativen Möglichkeiten der Translation als Interaktion zwischen einem Ausgangstext und einem Zieltext erweitern kann. Dabei wird die Rolle Antoine Gallands und seiner Übersetzung der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht' (Les mille et une nuits) hervorgehoben. This article deals with the translation history of the Arabic narratives of the 'Thousand and One Nights' from a performative, source culture-oriented perspective. The two-stage nature of the translation process as interlingual/bilingual communication implies a one-dimensional linearity that determines the relationship between source and target text. The effects of translation on the production/reception of the source text fall beyond the conceptual scope of the concept of translation and cannot, in principle, be dealt with in a translation-theoretical framework, resulting in a static-genetic conception of the source text as a "source". I will use the 'Thousand and One Nights' to argue that a new concept of translation as a performative movement towards the source text can better demonstrate the complexity of translational action and expand the interpre-tative possibilities of translation as an interaction between a source text and a target text. The role of Antoine Galland and his translation of the 'Thousand and One Nights' (Les mille et une nuits) is highlighted. Akkad Alhussein: Von den Möglichkeiten translatorischen Handelns