Traditional Architecture

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pemahaman tentang ruang publik pada rumah tinggal masyarakat Jawa. Untuk itu dipilih rumah-rumah tradisional masyarakat Jawa tipe joglo di desa Jagalan Kotagede Yogyakarta sebagai representasi aspek bentuk. Untuk representasi aspek fungsi dipilih tiga adat dan upacara daur hidup yaitu kelahiran, perkawinan dan kematian. Pendekatan dasar yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme yang dikembangkan oleh Levi Strauss dikombinasikan dengan pengkategorisasian aspek dalam arsitektur oleh Capon dan perputaran aspek fungsi – bentuk – makna oleh Salura dan Fauzy. Langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengungkap struktur permukaan aspek fungsi dengan menelusuri elemen-elemen dan relasi sintagmatik dari kegiatan pada adat dan upacara kelahiran, perkawinan dan kematian. Pada saat yang sama juga dilakukan pengungkapan struktur permukaan aspek bentuk melalui penelusuran elemen-elemen dan relasi sintagmatik dari rumah-rumah kasus studi. Lan...

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pemahaman tentang ruang publik pada rumah tinggal masyarakat Jawa. Untuk itu dipilih rumah-rumah tradisional masyarakat Jawa tipe joglo di desa Jagalan Kotagede Yogyakarta sebagai representasi aspek bentuk. Untuk representasi aspek fungsi dipilih tiga adat dan upacara daur hidup yaitu kelahiran, perkawinan dan kematian. Pendekatan dasar yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme yang dikembangkan oleh Levi Strauss dikombinasikan dengan pengkategorisasian aspek dalam arsitektur oleh Capon dan perputaran aspek fungsi – bentuk – makna oleh Salura dan Fauzy. Langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengungkap struktur permukaan aspek fungsi dengan menelusuri elemen-elemen dan relasi sintagmatik dari kegiatan pada adat dan upacara kelahiran, perkawinan dan kematian. Pada saat yang sama juga dilakukan pengungkapan struktur permukaan aspek bentuk melalui penelusuran elemen-elemen dan relasi sintagmatik dari rumah-rumah kasus studi. Lan...

Traditional master masons of the historical architecture of Iran, despite their prominent role, have rarely been in the spotlight of historians. Limited information, therefore, is available today about their traditions, thoughts, techniques and skills, and their professional life. In the contemporary era, with the development of modern restoration, a new group of master masons emerged who, on the one hand, were associated with the apprenticeship traditions in their guild and family, and on the other hand, worked under the supervision of academic restorers and architects. Thus, with an “incomplete return”, these masters again found a way back to appear in historical monuments and work in traditional architecture workshops. This article examines the interaction of contemporary master masons with historical monuments by referring to the Rezāyat family, one of the master-mason families of Isfahan architecture. So, how these masters deal with historical monuments, the information they have in mind about monuments, and how they use this knowledge to design new works are being investigated thoroughly. To answer these questions, the required information has been collected by conducting semi-structured and open interviews, the oral history method, as well as observation and taking field notes concerning their works and the design and construction methods they utilized. The collected information has been analyzed by the application of the coding method and grounded theory. Accordingly, the interaction of the master masons of the Rezāyat family with the historical monuments in Isfahan is explained in five levels, including coexistence, reading, memorizing, inspiration, and referencing (general and specific). The analysis of these qualities shows that urban fabric and historical monuments are critical resources in the design sphere of these masters. The masons of the Rezāyat family belong to a subjective-objective territory from the Seljuk context of the city of Isfahan, centralized by the Joubareh neighborhood, which encompasses their personal and professional lives. They have observed these historical elements since childhood; They have studied; Are remembered; And utilized them as the lessons of a "school of architectural design" for their new experiences.

Introduction: Traditional architecture, all over the world, has many characteristics that ensure thermal comfort. In the past, people built their houses in harmony with the environment, while also optimally utilizing the building materials available locally. The traditional built form was climate-responsive; it evolved over centuries of experience and observations of climate and nature. The traditional local architecture of Lucknow (a North Indian historical city) has employed some ingenious natural and passive techniques to maintain thermal comfort within the building, particularly during the hottest hours of the day. In this paper, we discuss the traditional built form of Lucknow through the lens of its climatic appropriateness, especially during the hottest hours of the day. Methods: The research methodology involves the study of the thermal performance of two traditional houses and one modern dwelling unit in Lucknow during the climatic extremes, i.e. summer and winter, by means of on-site monitoring of temperature and relative humidity. Results and discussion: We have summarized the comparative analysis of the thermal performance of traditional houses and modern houses and drawn conclusions from the factors that are responsible for providing thermal comfort. The analysis shows that the use of natural and passive techniques in the traditional buildings of Lucknow is very effective in terms of providing a thermally comfortable space, warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

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The main goal of this chapter consists in revising technical building aspects concerning the tabique construction. Tabique is a traditional building technique which applies raw building materials such as timber and earth, for example. External and partition walls are the main tabique building components, which may have a relevant structural performance in the overall stability of a building. In general, the traditional tabique buildings are facing high levels of degradation. This problem is mainly due to the lack of maintenance and technical knowledge. Therefore, reconstruction processes of this type of buildings also require accurate and updated technical information related to materials, to building details, to the main likely pathologies, to the knowledge of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the building components, to the reinforcement solutions, among other aspects. This research work intends to give some guidance in this context and to make a parallel analysis between the Portuguese and the Turkish tabique constructions.