Stress (Psychology)

The concept of the limit of human mental stability is given. Methods for increasing and for lowering the considered limit are described. Signs of a person approaching the limit of his mental stability are determined, and options for a person's behavior before and after reaching this limit are considered. Recommendations are given on the use of this limit in training, playing sports, at work and during service. A connection has been established between the limit of mental stability and violence.

Stress refers to the perceived or actual threat on physical and/or psychological homeostasis of the human body [1]. Disrupted homeostasis elicits the so called "stress response", meaning the activation of central and peripheral neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for various adaptive responses and behaviors. PSS was originally developed as a 14-item scale that assess the perception of stressful experiences by asking the respondent to rate the frequency of his/her feelings and thoughts related to events and situations that occurred over the previous month. Stress mainly refers to the perceived or actual threat to the physical and/or psychological homeostasis of the human body. The stress-reduction approach based on mindfulness practices has recently enjoyed an explosion of interest from a variety of healthcare and epidemiological researchers. Disrupted homeostasis elicits the so-called "stress response", meaning the activation of central and peripheral neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for various adaptive responses and behaviors The purpose of this study was to measure the level of perceived stress among the students of Post Graduation. The study used a convenience sample of female and male college students. A scale for measuring the perceived stress level was adopted. PSS assesses the perception of stressful experiences by asking the respondent to rate the frequency of his/her feelings and thoughts related to events and situations that occurred over the previous month to collect data from the respondents. The majority of the respondents agreed that they often perceived stress because of something that happened unexpectedly in the last month, they were unable to control the important things in their life, they were not confident enough to handle their problems or being unable to control irritations, etc. Students often perceived stress when things were out of their control or they found it difficult to pile the things up because of uncontrollable situations.

The first aim of this review is to examine stress models and theories that can help prevention of stress in individuals and scociety due to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The second aim is to pinpoint the importance of preventive interventions with relevant examples. Thus, innitially, General Adaption Syndrome model will be covered. Then, Transactional Stress Model that captures the role of individual differences in stress processing will be examined. In order to understand how stress can trigger psychological proplems and to understand the factors associated with positive change Diathesis Stress, and Shaefer and Moos'nin (1998) models will be presented. Furthermore, in this review the stress-related effects of similar pandemies, preventive interventions targetting various groups and related research will be covered. Finally, psychosocial support and psychological assistance examples from different countries and Turkey will be included. The review will provide guidance for researchers and professionals, who focus on the effects of COVID-19 and process aftermath of COVID-19. Bu derlemenin ilk amacı, Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) salgının, kişilerde ve toplumda yol açtığı stresi önlemede faydalı olabilecek stres modellerini ve teorilerini benzer salgınlardaki bulgularla irdelemektir. İkinci amacı ise COVID-19 sürecindeki önleyici müdahalenin önemine dikkat çekerek, örnek uygulamaları ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, ilk olarak stres ve stres karşısında kişinin verdiği tepkilerin nasıl oluştuğuna ilişkin Genel Adaptasyon Sendromu modeli ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra, bireysel farklılıkların rolüne değinen Transaksiyonel Stres Modeli değerlendirilecektir. Stresin tetikleyebileceği psikolojik sorunların nasıl oluşabildiğine dair Diatez Stres Modeli'ne ve olumlu dönüşümü belirleyen etmenlerin neler olduğuna ilişkin Shaefer ve Moos (1998)'un modeli sunulacaktır. Ayrıca, COVID-19'a benzer salgınların stres odaklı etkilerine yer verilecek derlemede, önleyici müdahale programlarının farklı gruplardaki uygulamaları da araştırmalarla ortaya konulacaktır. Son olarak, derlemede dünyadan ve ülkemizden psikososyal destek ve psikolojik yardım örneklerine yer verilecektir. Derleme, COVID-19 sürecinde ve sonrasındaki etkileri inceleyecek araştırmacılara ve destek sağlayacak profesyonellere yol gösterici olacaktır.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented upheaval to higher education. The requirement to move instruction online within a very short time frame, having to get to grips with new digital tools and develop compatible and effective pedagogical practices, combined with the realization that many students were left struggling, and compounded by anxiety about own and family’s health and future, all took a heavy toll on educators.
In this contribution, we investigate the predictors of stress in 435 linguistics instructors and TAs from 85 countries who found themselves teaching online – many for the first time in their career – in the first wave of the pandemic. Regression and mediation analyses reveal the relative influence of anxiety about the future, living conditions, self-acceptance, appraisal of the situational impact, optionality of classes, and perceived effectiveness of the virtual mode of delivery, with a mediating effect of acceptance of this instructional mode. Together, the identified factors account for 46% of variance in the model. Identification of variables which induce stress in times of crisis is important for the prevention of teacher burnout, enhanced instructor well-being and performance, and—consequently—ensuring uncompromised student performance.

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la percepción de las estrategias de afrontamiento familiar y la percepción de bienestar familiar e infantil en familias en condición de vulnerabilidad. La investigación es de corte cuantitativo con diseño analítico transversal. Se evaluaron 113 familias a través de cuestionarios sobre afrontamiento y bienestar familiar; adicionalmente, los hijos diligenciaron un inventario de bienestar infantil. Los resultados demostraron que los hijos reportan mayor puntuación media moderada en bienestar familiar, seguido de los padres y, finalmente, las madres. Para el afrontamiento familiar, las madres demostraron niveles de afrontamiento promedio más alto, seguidas de los padres y los hijos. Las correlaciones bivariadas indicaron relaciones significativas entre el bienestar infantil (IBI), el afrontamiento familiar (Family Coping Index - FAMCI) y el bienestar general percibido. La discusión se concentra en la madre como promotora del bienestar al interior de la familia, los estresores que la familia padece y la relación con experiencias de desplazamiento en el pasado que influyen en las estrategias de afrontamiento seleccionadas.

Рассматриваются общие закономерности проявления профессионального стресса, анализируется процесс про-текания стрессового состояния, его характеристика, виды и этапы, а также определены стресс-факторы, вызывающие профессиональный стресс у сотрудников Прокуратуры Республики Молдова. С целью определения стресс-факторов, влияющих на деятельность прокуроров, был проведен констатирующий эксперимент, в ходе которого были обоз-начены основные источники стресса в их деятельности: организационные, операционные, внешние и внутренние стрессоры, а также стрессоры, направленные на развитие профессионального будущего сотрудников Прокуратуры. Выявление этих источников позволит определить методы управления профессиональным стрессом сотрудников Прокуратуры, обладающие профилактической и коррекционной направленностью. Ключевые слова: профессиональный стресс, эустресс, дистресс, стресс-факторы, прокурор, фокусированное интервью. DETERMINAREA FACTORILOR DE STRES ÎN ACTIVITATEA PROFESIONALĂ A PROCURORILOR În articol sunt abordate legitățile manifestării stresului ocupațional, fenomenologia procesului dat, precum și tipurile și caracteristicile acestuia. De asemenea, sunt identificaţi factorii de stres care cauzează stresul în activitatea profesională a procurorilor din Republica Moldova. Pentru determinarea factorilor stresori, care afectează activitatea profesională a procurorilor, a fost efectuat un experiment constatativ, în cadrul căruia au fost identificate principalele surse de stres în activitatea procurorului: factorii de stres organizaționali, operaționali, externi și interni, precum și factorii de stres ce afectează dezvoltarea profesională a procurorilor. Identificarea acestor surse va oferi oportunități pentru determinarea metodelor eficiente de gestionare a stresului profesional al procurorilor, prevenind consecințele acestui fenomen. Cuvinte-cheie: stres ocupațional, eustres, distres, factori stresori, procuror, interviu focusat. DETERMINATION OF STRESS FACTORS IN THE PROSECUTORS' PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY This article examines the general patterns of manifestation of occupational stress, analyses the phenomenology of the given process, its characteristics, types and stages, and identifies the stress factors that cause professional stress among the employees of the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Moldova. In order to determine the stressors which affect the prosecutors' professional activity, a stating experiment was carried out, during which the main sources of stress in their activities were identified: organisational, operational, external and internal stressors, as well as stressors related to the future professional development of prosecutors. The identification of these sources will provide opportunities for determining effective methods of managing the professional stress of prosecutors, preventing the consequences of this phenomenon.

ΨΥΧΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΤΟΥ STRESS

Εργασία, δημοσιευμένη στο περιοδικό "Το Βήμα των Κοινωνικών Επιστημών" τεύχος 19 του Ιουλίου 1996

Παρατίθενται ορισμένα δεδομένα από την πρόσφατη βιβλιογραφία
σχετικά με τις διαδικασίες που διέπουν την επιτυχή προσαρμογή στο
stress της ζωής. Ο στόχος είναι να εξετασθεί η συμβολή διαφόρων
ψυχολογικών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την υγεία και την ικανότητα
του ανθρώπου να τη διασφαλίζει.

This work constitutes an exploratory study during the second and third phases of COVID-19 in Mexico, characterized by local transmission and untraceable cases, respectively, with an incidental sample of 666 participants. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress associated to COVID-19. Additionally, the Impact of the Event Scale-Revised was applied to assess the impact of the event, and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was employed to assess resilience. Participants' levels of traumatic impact (21.7%), severe depression (7%), severe anxiety (9.4%) and severe stress (5.4%) were revealed to be lower than other populations. Comparison of means and effect size η 2 p of the data shows that women and young people (18-39 years) suffer the greatest negative effects. Individuals with higher levels of resilience experience fewer psychological consequences confirming its importance in the face of the adversities. These findings provide valuable information on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Mexican population, allowing a comparative analysis at an international level which can be helpful in the development of appropriate sanitary policies.

Although there is some existing empirical research on job satisfaction and working conditions of court interpreters, little is known about specific stress factors inherent in the profession of a sworn translator and interpreter. The main aim of this study was to investigate psychological stress among sworn translators and interpreters working in the Polish-English language pair in the Republic of Poland by means of a self-designed online questionnaire. Among the main stress factors identified in the study were: the speaker’s delivery rate, translation and interpreting rates, non-cooperative translators and interpreters, sense of responsibility, as well as poor organisation of work. Sworn translators and interpreters were found to experience fatigue, back pain and eye irritation. Task-oriented coping was shown to be a predominant coping style among study respondents. The results of the study may offer a valuable contribution to translation and interpreting studies, stress research, and human factors in court interpreting.

Women, who are “supposed” to do all their official and household work are now required to do all of it simultaneously
because of lockdown amid covid-19. I did this study to analyze the perceived stress and depressive tendencies among
the non-clinical population of employed women residing in
Delhi-NCR and whether work from-for home is acting as a
mediator between the two. Further, marital status and family
status were also taken into consideration. A sample of two hundred-three responses depicted that there is a significant
and positive correlation between perceived stress and depressive tendencies. Further, working from-for home significantly
acts as a mediator between the two variables. Moreover, there
is no significant interaction between family status and working
from-for home on depressive tendencies. However, there is a
significant interaction between marital status and working
from-for home on depressive tendencies. The implications, limitations, and future suggestions are also discussed.

In order to access the article kindly visit the following link: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/SGTWJWYCWWRNFZNDDXPC/full?target=10.1080/07399332.2021.1882463  or contact berivanshika@gmail.com

Öz
Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan yeni tip Koronavirüs (Covid-19) hızlı bir şekilde dünyanın birçok yerine yayılmış ve binlerce kişinin yaşamını yitirmesine yol açmıştır. Bu virüsün fiziksel ve biyolojik etkisinin yanı sıra, önemli psikolojik etkileri de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu etkilerin başında, depresyon, stres ve kaygı gibi bazı psikolojik rahatsızlıklar gelmektedir. Bu süreçte, insanlar özellikle bilgi edinme ve sosyal destek ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla sosyal medya platformlarını daha çok kullanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 sürecinde insanların depresyon ve stres yaşantıları ile zorlayıcı sosyal medya kullanımları (ZSMK) arasındaki ilişkide gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun (GKK) aracılık rolünü bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) çalışmasıyla incelemektir. Bunun için Türkiye genelinde (N = 871, %60,7 kadın, Ort yaş = 28.70, S.S. = 9.99), 14-20 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak verilerin toplandığı çevrimiçi bir anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, depresyonun ZSMK ile pozitif yönde doğrudan bir ilişkisi varken, stres ile ZSMK arasında bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Öte yandan, depresyon ve stres ile GKK arasında ve GKK ile ZSMK arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca depresyon ve stres ile ZSMK arasındaki ilişkide GKK'nin aracılık rolünün olduğu araştırmada belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının, Covid-19 ile ilgili kriz yönetimini gerçekleştiren resmî kurumların, sosyal medya üzerinden kamuoyu ile gerçekleştirdiği etkin iletişime katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus (Covid-19), emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has rapidly spread to many parts of the world, causing thousands of people to die. In addition to its physical and biological effects, the virus has some psychological effects. Psychological disorders, such as depression, stress, and anxiety are some of these effects. In this process, people have started to use social media platforms to meet their information and social support needs more often. The current study aimed to analyze the mediator role of fear of missing out (FoMO) in the relationship between people's depression and stress level with compulsive social media use (CSMU) in Covid-19 process through a structural equation model (SEM). To this end, an online survey was conducted between 14-20 June 2020 in Turkey (N = 871, 60.7 % women, Mage = 28.70, SD = 9.99) and convenience sampling method used. The findings showed that while depression positively correlates with CSMU, there was no relationship between stress and CSMU. In addition, there was a positive relationship between depression and stress with FoMO, FoMO with CSMU, as well. Moreover, FoMO had a mediation role in the relationship between depression and stress with CSMU. The research's findings are expected to contribute to the effective communication of the official institutions that manage the crisis related to Covid-19 with the public through social media.

This article is an overview of a study conducted at the Nova University Biofeedback Lab, resulting not only in a new approach to stress reduction, but also an innovative method to "exercise" our right brain hemispheres promoting its rightful and equal dominance with the left. Doing so results in an increase in creativity, mindfulness, and a higher degree of empathy towards others and the earth. In short, increased right-brain holistic thinking would improve our world-view to be more inclusive of both our bio-sphere and our human-sphere, and reconnect us with our essential creative and loving spiritual selves.

The aim of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation for the management of stress and anxiety during and after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory procedure for reliably inducing stress in human subjects. For this, a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blinded clinical trial of 80 qualified subjects was conducted. Subjects were randomized into two groups, a treatment group (n=40) and a control (placebo) group (n=40). Metrics of emotional stress assessed were a subjective rating of the level of emotional stress and salivary cortisol levels, both obtained at 3 timepoints: before treatment (baseline), immediately following completion of the TSST, and after 20 minutes of rest following completion of the TSST. Results showed that the treatment group had a statistically greater decrease in the subjective rating of stress relative to the control group both immediately following the TSST and 20 minutes after the TSST. Salivary cortisol levels in the treatment group were also lower than the control group at those same time points. These results suggest that bilateral alternating somatosensory stimulation may be effective in reducing subjective levels of stress and anxiety. It also may actively attenuate stress-related cortisol levels, which may reflect a mechanism for reducing cortisol-induced inflammation back to baseline after exposure to stressful situations.