Social Conflict

Reflecting on the practice of being a Spinoza scholar and Spinozist in Trump's Pandemic America, I argue that we can find consolation in Spinoza's insistent norm-to understand rather than to blame, to banish free will as explanans so we can fully understand the explanandum. Just as Boethius reflected on human misunderstanding of luck, so Spinoza teaches that we need, in moments of despair, to look not to superstition, but to the recognition of the causal forces that yield our triumphs and failures, and to understand them. While we are unmoored in the chaos of Trump's America, in the joyful expression of popular emancipatory power in the Black Lives Matters mass demonstrations and marches through American cities and suburbs, and the nightly horror of demonstrators murdered by police, I reach back to another moment of chaos with liberatory and nightmarish potential-the years just after the U.S. Civil War described in Leaves of Grass. We can find Spinozist moments in Whitman's poem and philosophical memoir-a kind of American Spinozism. As he travels among the horrors and the new possibilities of American life, Whitman insists on seeing and feeling the world as it is-terrible, wonderful, in all its fleshy imperfection, while finding hope in these same flawed particulars. In 2020, Trump's America, Spinoza and Spinozism are not just relevant, are not just consolations in the Boethian sense, but they are essential epistemic survival tools for a world quite obviously in motion.

The entry provides an outline and systematisation of societal constitutionalism (SC), one of the main frameworks emerged in contemporary legal theory to analyse constitutional phenomena. After a general introduction in section A, section B recalls SC’s theoretical background, namely the Economic Constitution (B.I), legal pluralism (B.II), systems theory (B.III), and the work of David Sciulli (B.IV). Section C explains SC’s analytical limb, which on the one hand de-constructs some tenets of state-centred constitutionalism (C.I); and on the other hand individuates the functions, arenas, processes, and structures of a constitutionalised system (C.II). Section D turns to SC’s normative limb, pointing to some legal policy proposals, aimed at the increase of social systems’ capacities of self-limitation (D.I); and at the development of a law of inter-systemic collisions (D.II). Section E concludes addressing some of the main competing approaches and criticisms, namely those coming from the proponents of state-centred constitutionalism (E.I); of international/global constitutionalism (E.II); and of contestatory/material constitutionalism (E.III).

In der Klimadebatte kommen integrative Konzepte der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung kaum zum Zuge. Dies zeigt der Lausitzer Kohleausstieg beispielhaft: Soziales und Umwelt werden gegeneinander ausgespielt. Eine integrierte Modellregion kann nur entstehen, wenn öffentlich über strittige Fragen diskutiert wird. Generell müssen sich Nachhaltigkeitsforscher(innen) verstärkt mit sozial-ökologischen Konflikten und Demokratiefragen auseinandersetzen.

En esta investigación nos proponemos indagar los vínculos entre poder y territorio a partir de la relación conflictiva entre comunidades mapuche, el Estado y los sectores económicos dominantes. Partimos de comprender los territorios como ámbitos de disputa. La producción social del espacio contiene el resultado del ejercicio de relaciones de poder. Sin embargo, el poder no constituye un fenómeno de dominación homogéneo, macizo; sino que se ejerce en cadena, en una compleja red de relaciones. Así, el poder se oculta, se enmascara. El ejercicio de prácticas y relaciones de poder se produce, tanto a través de formas materiales (represivas) como simbólicas, a partir de discursos de verdad que legitiman la dominación. Por otro lado, consideramos que los grupos subalternos producen una trama de acciones, "agenciamiento", y significaciones que pueden tensar los límites de los territorios, dando lugar a procesos de múltiples territorialidades. Para este trabajo, tomamos como análisis de caso la muerte de Rafael Nahuel, el 25 de noviembre de 2017, durante la represión de Gendarmería en la comunidad Lafken Winkul Mapu, en Villa Mascardi, a 35 kilómetros de Bariloche. Para abordar este tema utilizamos como fuentes secundarias diferentes artículos de medio masivos de comunicación para analizar la producción de discursos sobre el pueblo mapuche tomando como eje los conceptos de poder, territorio y desarrollo.

Cite as/ Atıf: Demirtaş-Milz, N. (2020). Everyday fear and tension in declining ınformal settlements of Turkish cities: an outcome of refugee-ınflow or neoliberal (urban) policies?. Turkish Studies-Social, 15(4), 1865-1885. https://dx. Abstract: The increasing social isolation, dramatic decline in relations of trust and solidarity, emerging feelings of everyday fear/anxiety and inter-group conflicts among urban poor are indicators mostly identified with the inflow of Syrian refugees in declining neighborhoods of Turkish cities since 2012. By means of a qualitative analysis of inter-group relations in a multi-ethnic informal (gecekondu) inner-city low-income neighborhood in İzmir, this article aims to question this identification by putting the 'refugee problem' in the context of the neoliberal (urban) policies that have been practiced in the last two to three decades in Turkey. The deterioration of social relations in informal poor settlements of large cities in Turkey is rather a function of the multifaceted impacts of neoliberal (urban) policies that have been practiced in Turkey particularly during the last two to three decades, which precedes the influx of refugees. Consequently, it is intended to build a general typology of the impacts of these macro policies on socio-spatial dynamics at the local scale. Taking the growing anxiety and discomfort among migrant groups within urban spaces in Turkey into account, the study explicitly aims at providing indicators for a novel research and furthermore political action steps that consider inter-group relations and social cohesion at the local level.

Even if, for inexplicable reasons, some people love museums, they cannot deny that whatever is exhibited in their halls is practically dead. Any object when musealized loses its relationship with the social context in which it was produced, consumed and imbued with meaning. This decontextualization constitutes the ontological basis of modern museums. Thus, museum objects are sterile and neutralized, open to authoritative interpretations and tools of educational strategies. Characteristics that led L. Althusser to include museums in the ideological apparatuses of the state. Consequently, a rebellion that enters a museum loses its revolutionary character whatsoever. Nevertheless, an exhibition, as a multimodal narrative practice does not necessarily have to be regarded as an exclusive tool of museums and can, therefore, explore other theoretical and methodological avenues and may be called upon to serve diverse social goals. The question on which this paper focuses is whether it is possible, outside the institutional, ideological and methodological boundaries of the modern museum, to utilize a range of exhibition narrative tools, not to tastefully present the dead shack of a revolt-to honor, as is usually the case, the past-, but to reopen a half-finished debate that is meaningful for the present.

Sono passati venti anni dal G8 di Genova. Ma cosa è rimasto delle giornate del luglio 2001? L’unica memoria condivisa sembra essere quella delle violenze. Con il numero 54, «Zapruder» e SupportoLegale si propongono di andare oltre questa narrazione, per indagare piuttosto il prima e il dopo “Genova”: come si è arrivati a quei giorni, costruendo terreni comuni che, per quanto miseramente franati successivamente, riuscirono a coinvolgere, in forme differenti, decine di migliaia di persone; ma anche i percorsi di sostegno alle militanti e ai militanti finiti sotto processo, i problemi relativi alla conservazione e al reperimento del materiale prodotto dai movimenti, la produzione memorialistica e documentaristica relativa a quelle giornate.

Indoor air in our homes, workplaces and schools is a global concern, an issue in policy and science, and part of the World Health Organization's programme on environmental awareness. In the present article, the official discourse on sustainable development in Sweden is related to a specific problem of the indoor environment, namely sick-building syndrome (SBS) and the notion of “sick” buildings. This health problem will be analysed here from different perspectives: political, scientific and practical. In the context of sustainable policy, Swedish authorities are taking measures to ensure that citizens can breathe good indoor air in “healthy” buildings. With regard to scientific evidence, SBS is not a clear-cut risk, and there is no known cause–mechanism–effect chain. It is a diffuse risk, and in society, it is also typically associated with social conflicts and mass media interests. In practice, the conflict confirms the difficulties inherent in defining sick and healthy buildings. Different societal interests and different professions are competing with each other to take the upper hand in defining the situation.

... Correspondence concerning this article should be ad-dressed to Katherine J. Reynolds, Division of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia. Electronic mail may be sent to Katherine.Reynolds@anu.edu.au. ...

The essay examines different types of family conflicts (depending on their initial situations and solutions) in the collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen by the Brothers Grimm, and in the Saxon folk tales of Transylvania published by Josef Haltrich in 1856. Looking at the themes of orphans and stepchildren, which also appear in Grimm's tales but are overrepresented at Haltrich, it seems probable that the customs - which were also discussed bí Haltrich in another essay - and social systems of Saxon communities in the middle of the 19th are represented as a special type of narrative is Haltrich's tales collected from his students and family. (in hungarian)

La Edad Media fue una época en la que la conflictividad social y la violencia eran comunes. Los delincuentes tuvieron en muchas ocasiones la oportunidad de conmutar su pena sirviendo en castillos fronterizos, zonas peligrosas que solían sufrir saqueos y ataques. Estos delincuentes que se redimían eran conocidos
como homicianos e hicieron acto de presencia durante siglos en los conflictos entre Castilla y el Reino Nazarí. Su presencia en la Península Ibérica finalizó con la conquista del último emirato musulmán del occidente mediterráneo. Los expedientes analizados en el presente ensayo corresponden a los últimos
homicianos castellanos que fueron perdonados en 1492.