Roman Empire

How do regions form and evolve? What are the human and geographical factors which help to unify a region, and what are the political considerations which limit integration and curtail co-operation between a region's communities? Through a diverse series of case studies focusing on the regional history of Lesbos and the Troad from the seventh century BC down to the first century AD, The Kingdom of Priam offers a detailed exploration of questions about regional integration in the ancient world. Drawing on a wide range of evidence - from the geography of Strabo and the botany of Theophrastos, to the accounts of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century travellers and the epigraphy, numismatics, and archaeology of the region - these case studies analyse the politics of processes of regional integration in the Troad and examine the insular identity of Lesbos, the extent to which the island was integrated into the mainland, and the consequences of this relationship for its internal dynamic. Throughout it is argued that although Lesbos and the Troad became ever more economically well-integrated over the course of this period, they nevertheless remained politically fragmented and were only capable of unified action at moments of severe crisis. These regional dynamics intersected in complex and often unexpected ways with the various imperial systems (Persian, Athenian, Macedonian, Attalid, Roman) which ruled over the region and shaped its internal dynamics, both through direct interventions in regional politics and through the pressures and incentives which these imperial systems created for local communities.

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Par les sources historiques, nous conna issons bien les pratiques intellectuelles des Romains, enseignement, recitationes (lectures devant un public) et declamationes (prestations oratoires publiques) et le souci de la voix qui en était une composante fondamentale. Par l’archéologie, nous connaissons  les odéons, où on se réunissait pour écouter de la musique et les théâtres et les amphithéâtres, où on regardait un spectacle dramatique ou sanglant. La connaissance des auditoriums, ces lieux où on se rassemblait pour écouter une parole pédagogique, rhétorique, ou poétique a beaucoup progressé ces dernières années.
Nous proposons tout d’abord de rappeler l’importance du souci de la voix : la nécessité d’échauffer la voix, de choisir un « bon lecteur », esclave ou affranchi cultivé dotée d’une belle voix, ou encore l’impératif de se faire entendre d’une assistance facilement inattentive, qu’elle soit composée d’adultes présents par clientélisme ou d’étudiants peu disciplinés. Puis nous examinerons les lieux où on se réunit pour écouter la voix du pédagogue, du poète ou du rhéteur. Souvent, il s’agit de lieux non spécialisés et non spécifiques : une galerie couverte dans une maison privée ou un édifice public, une salle à manger transformée pour l’occasion en auditorium par quelque aménagement, ou une salle louée à grands frais par le poète et aménagée de manière éphémère avec des bancs  Il y avait aussi quelques lieux permanents, le plus souvent polyfonctionnels mais aussi des lieux spécifiques, dont les plus spectaculaires ont été récemment mis au jour par l’archéologie : les salles d’une école de grec en Égypte (IVe siècle), la vingtaine de salle de l’ « université » d’Alexandrie (entre le Ve siècle et le début du VIIe siècle) et les somptueux auditoriums de l’empereur Hadrien, construits au centre de Rome.

The literary study of teaching and rhetorical performances in the ancient roman world is well known. In contrast, it was said that the archaeological study of auditoria as paideia spaces was impossible. From texts, it’s believed that teaching, recitationes and declamationes were performed only in non-specific spaces as porticoes, magister or dominus houses, thermae, bouleuteria and so on…Even if such specific spaces had existed, it was believed it was impossible to identify them now. In fact, in the past, some archaeological remains were identified as pedagogic auditorium, in Pergamon, Philippi, Ephesus. But no synthesis was tempted. At the end of the XXth century and the beginning of the XXIst c. spectacular discoveries reacted this question: 20 class-rooms in Alexandria, a small school of Greek in Amheida (Egypt) and the Hadrian
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auditoria in Rome. But the catalog remains poor, if we compared it with the numerous literary mentions. So the question of the method to identify remains as room or building for the paideia activity, rises. There is no specific architectural structure, as for they exist concerning theaters, or aqueducts, or latrines…So, it is necessary to adopt several points of view: the “polyfunctionality” of the Roman architecture, the urban and architectural environment, the history of the culture.

Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados. Resumo: Este artigo objetiva mostrar a importância da cultura grega, especialmente da língua grega, como elemento de ordem e de integração dentro e fora das fronteiras administrativas do Império Romano. Utilizaremos, para isso, as obras Vida de Apolônio de Tiana e Vidas dos sofistas, escritas em meados do século III EC pelo sofista grego Flávio Filóstrato. Visamos perceber as razões para Filóstrato apresentar sua visão, ligadas ao grupo de que ele fez parte, os sofistas gregos, e ao contexto em que ele viveu, o período da dinastia dos Severos (193-235), primeira dinastia oriental a governar o Império Ro-mano, e momento de intensos conflitos com os povos partos e persas. Nossa pesquisa foi realizada utilizando métodos e conceitos da Nova História Cultural, que nos permite pensar as relações de poder ligadas a elementos da cultura. Palavras-chave: língua grega, ordem imperial romana, Flávio Filóstrato, século III EC. Abstract: This article aims to show the importance of the Greek language as an element of order and integration within and outside the administrative boundaries of the Roman Empire. To illustrate this we will show Flavius Philostratus's view in his works Life of Apollonius of Tiana and Lives of the Sophists, written by the Greek sophist in the middle of the 3rd century CE. We also seek to understand the reasons for Philostratus's view, linked to the group he was part of, the Greek sophists, and also related with the context in which he lived, the period of the Severan dynasty (193-235), the first Eastern dynasty to rule the Roman Empire, and a moment of intense conflicts with the Parthian and Persian peoples. Our research was developed using methods and concepts of the New Cultural History, which allow us to think about the relations of power linked to elements of culture. Introdução Durante muito tempo, grande parte da historiografia sobre o Império Romano, altamente influenciada pela obra clássica Declínio e queda do Império Romano, do historiador iluminista Edward Gibbon, voltou especial atenção para

Berni Millet, P. (2019). "Inscriptions on laterite finds from Brijuni". Amphora Research in Castrum Villa on Brijuni Island. Bezeczky Tamás (ed.). Archäologische Forschungen, Band: 29. Wien: 147-.184.

The Brijuni National Park Archaeological Museum (BNPAM) has a splendid and very interesting collection of non-amphora finds with epigraphy on laterite (tegula, imbrex and dolium). In this paper we will explain these finds, an assemblage of 131 pieces, the vast majority of which are stamps on tegulae imported from various manufacturing
regions in the Upper Adriatic area.

The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the political biography of the jurist C. Ateius Capito (cos. suff. 5 AD). After a first contribution (published in IVRA 2011), the A. is carrying on with his researches about C. Ateius Capito, preliminarily to a critical edition of the surviving fragments of this jurist.

This paper, moving from a critic reading of the proceedings of the recent (2008) meeting on the so called lex de imperio Vespasiani, analyzes some interpretative questions on this epigraphic text, on its con- tents, on its success in the medieval and early modern age, as also on the definition and the conferment of the powers to the princeps between I and II century AD. [About L. Capogrossi Colognesi e E. Tassi Scandone (a c. di), La Lex de imperio Vespasiani e la Roma dei Flavi (Atti del Convegno, 20-22 novembre 2008) (Acta Flaviana 1), Roma, L’Erma di Bretschneider 2009, pp. X-390.]

The paper contains the revised text of a lecture held in Lecce in 2015. retracing the sources about the different phases of the interpretation (by senatorial decrees) of Augustus’ legislation on marriages, the paper comes principally to investigate the dialectic between senatus consulta and leges about Eherecht in the Tiberian age. On the basis of this investigation, the paper finally suggests a new interpretation of the lacking text of Gaius, inst. 1, 136: this text, related to Tac. ann. 4, 16, 3, could contain a reference to a decretum of the consules of 11 BC about the civil effects of the marriage of the Flamen Dialis. This decretum could have been the basis of a lex Asinia Antistia passed in the year 23 AD.

Lungo l'arco di mezzo secolo, e sino agli ultimi giorni di vita, Edoardo Volterra lavorò a una raccolta delle deliberazioni senatorie romane di cui vi fosse traccia nelle fonti, accumulando numerosi materiali. Di essi solo una minima parte fu adoperata per le voci Senatus consulta, apparse nel 1940 e nel 1969. L'archivio dell'École française de Rome custodisce tali preziosi materiali, e fra essi una raccolta già allestita - e ritenuta dallo studioso pronta per la stampa - dei senatus consulta noti per il periodo dal 753 a.C. al 396 a.C., come anche un repertorio di fonti schedate e impostate in ordine cronologico, sino al 312 d.C., talvolta con non trascurabili annotazioni a commento. Dopo una consultazione con gli eredi e con altri specialisti del settore è sembrato opportuno avviare la pubblicazione di tali materiali inediti. Si tratta infatti non già di un 'fossile' di un percorso di studio interrottosi per la morte dell'autore, ma di un legato scientifico di alto valore, che non solo permette di avere un quadro chiaro del tema, pur con la consapevolezza di essere di fronte a un lavoro in fieri, ma anche di comprendere il metodo di Edoardo Volterra e la percezione che lo studioso aveva delle fonti oggetto di questa sua indagine, oltre che, in molti casi, i convincimenti da lui maturati sulle singole deliberazioni o su problemi di natura generale.

Dopo un intenso dibattito durato più di mezzo secolo, la sentenza 91/1973 della Corte Costituzionale cancellò dal codice civile italiano il divieto di donazione fra coniugi, risalente al diritto romano. Affermatosi in via consuetudinaria nel corso del II secolo a.C., infatti, tale divieto era sopravvissuto fino alla compilazione giustinianea, per passare poi in alcune legislazioni di tradizione romanistica. In età preclassica e fino alle riforme di età severiana, tuttavia, il divieto era stato ridimensionato da una serie di eccezioni elaborate con il con-sueto approccio casistico nella riflessione dei giuristi romani, eccezioni che avevano portato a rendere più malleabile l'applicazione del divieto e a ridimensionarne la portata. I tempi sono ormai maturi per tornare a riflettere in prospettiva storica sulle ragioni di tale divieto grazie agli strumenti ermeneutici acquisiti negli ultimi anni alla ricerca romanistica e senza lasciarsi condizionare dal dibattito sul diritto positivo, ormai definitivamente sopito a distanza di quasi mezzo secolo dalla sua abrogazione nell'ordinamento italiano.