Relation between Translation Theory and the Practice of Translation

This research examines the translation of the swear words of a Turkish film (GORA, 2004) into English subtitles. So far, the most closely related research on translation of swearing in the Turkish Soler-Pardo, 2015). The main reason for this paper is the current research gap in translating the Turkish swear words into another language (English). Throughout this research, the English subtitle translation of Cem Yılmaz's GORA (2004) was picked on Netflix and parts which contained swear words were documented on a .txt file, were marked and analyzed using swear words categories of Pinker (2007). Ameri & Ghazizadeh's (2014) swear word translation model, as well as Harvey's (2000) technique of 'functional equivalence' (2000, pp. 2-6) presented by the four main culture-based concepts of translation technique was used for the analysis. This article aims to explore and answer the following questions; (i) How have the Turkish swear words in GORA (2004) been translated into English? (ii) How and for what reason did changes in translation occur? The hypothesis of this research is as follows; (a) there will be a loss of meaning and function due to smoothing during the translation of swear words; (b) cultural contraction will be observed during the translation of swear words. The findings confirm the hypotheses and support that the words of curses are either completely omitted from the frame or changed in meaning by being softened. This shows that the translations also adopted a target language-oriented strategy during translation.

This chapter is entitled 'translating forewords to non-fiction texts' and appeared in the book, 'Translating from Croatian into English: A Handbook with Annotated Translations' (2019).

This handbook is a practical resource for both translators and those entering the language services industry. Eleven Croatian source texts are presented from a wide variety of fields with a brief for their translation into English. These texts include media, educational, legal, economics, medical, cultural, historical, literary, tourism and culinary texts. A Skopos approach is followed in their translation so that the English target texts fulfil a functional purpose that is similar to the functional purpose achieved by the source texts in Croatian. Theoretical principles of text analysis are represented in a clear and direct way and show how the translator was guided by these to achieve a functionally appropriate English translation. Annotations in this handbook guide the reader to identify the inter-cultural and inter-lingual differences between Croatian and English and how these can be addressed and resolved. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by translators from Croatian as their A- or dominant language into English as their B- or non-dominant language. This handbook is a step-by-step guide for those wishing to acquire practical skills to translate texts across a wide variety of fields.

This chapter is entitled 'translating historical texts' and appeared in the book, 'Translating from Croatian into English: A Handbook with Annotated Translations' (2019).

This handbook is a practical resource for both translators and those entering the language services industry. Eleven Croatian source texts are presented from a wide variety of fields with a brief for their translation into English. These texts include media, educational, legal, economics, medical, cultural, historical, literary, tourism and culinary texts. A Skopos approach is followed in their translation so that the English target texts fulfil a functional purpose that is similar to the functional purpose achieved by the source texts in Croatian. Theoretical principles of text analysis are represented in a clear and direct way and show how the translator was guided by these to achieve a functionally appropriate English translation. Annotations in this handbook guide the reader to identify the inter-cultural and inter-lingual differences between Croatian and English and how these can be addressed and resolved. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by translators from Croatian as their A- or dominant language into English as their B- or non-dominant language. This handbook is a step-by-step guide for those wishing to acquire practical skills to translate texts across a wide variety of fields.

This chapter is entitled 'translating newspaper commentaries' and appeared in the book, 'Translating from Croatian into English: A Handbook with Annotated Translations' (2019).

This handbook is a practical resource for both translators and those entering the language services industry. Eleven Croatian source texts are presented from a wide variety of fields with a brief for their translation into English. These texts include media, educational, legal, economics, medical, cultural, historical, literary, tourism and culinary texts. A Skopos approach is followed in their translation so that the English target texts fulfil a functional purpose that is similar to the functional purpose achieved by the source texts in Croatian. Theoretical principles of text analysis are represented in a clear and direct way and show how the translator was guided by these to achieve a functionally appropriate English translation. Annotations in this handbook guide the reader to identify the inter-cultural and inter-lingual differences between Croatian and English and how these can be addressed and resolved. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by translators from Croatian as their A- or dominant language into English as their B- or non-dominant language. This handbook is a step-by-step guide for those wishing to acquire practical skills to translate texts across a wide variety of fields.

EUROPEAN CANON IN THE LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY TRANSLATION THEORY

It is generally assumed that the primary criterion for a work to enter the literary canon is its originality. However, the author of this article analyses the European canon in the light of modern theories of translation. Szczerbowski utilizes the concept of Patrick O’Neill to distinguish three models of translation: traditional, metatextual and intertextual. He describes the relationship between the original text and the translation, using the terms introduced by Lawrence Venuti. Chinese translation theory, translator’s footnotes and cover (treated as intersemiotic translation) are also reflected upon this chapter.

Citation (formatted-apa)
Szczerbowski, T. (2012). Kanon europejski w świetle współczesnej teorii przekładu. W: E. Wichrowska (red.), Europejski kanon literacki (s. 173–178). Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

This article investigates the claims made in the dedicatory epistle to Girolamo Manfredi's 'De homine' (also known as 'Il libro del perché') to have effected an Italian translation of various earlier works. First published in 1474, the 'De homine' is strongly dependent on the pseudo-Aristotelian 'Problems', for which several translations into Latin were available by Manfredi's time as well as the highly influential commentary by Pietro d'Abano. Focusing on one particular section of the 'De homine' (II.x on voice), this article offers an analysis of the various sources used and of the extent to which Manfredi is indeed offering a translation or something different. This study concludes that Manfredi closely followed the translation by Bartolomeo da Messina and the commentary by Pietro d'Abano; it finds no clear evidence of his use of the translations by George of Trebizond or Theodore Gaza. Other sources used include especially Rhazes' 'Ad Almansorem'. The work by Manfredi raises rich questions about what qualified as a 'translation' in his time.

Andrew Chesterman dekonstruierte fünf allgemeingültige Mythen zum Thema Übersetzung. Im vorliegenden Buch wird sein Ansatz weiterentwickelt, indem eine sechste Annahme dekonstruiert wird: Nämlich die, dass Autor und Übersetzer feste und unstrittige Kategorien sein müssen. Seit dem sog. Cultural Turn wendet sich auch die Translatologie zunehmend vom reinen Text ab, um sich mehr dem Menschen und seiner Geschichte zuzuwenden – im vorliegenden Buch werden vor allem die sozialen, ökonomischen und politischen Aspekte der Übersetzung behandelt, womit die Übersetzungssituation als solche in den Fokus rückt. Anhand einer Reihe von diesbezüglichen Beispielen wird – auch vor dem historischen Hintergrund der Translatorik als Disziplin – dargelegt, dass Autor und Übersetzer (sowie die daraus resultierende Autor- und Übersetzerschaft) nicht selten bloß konventionell zugeschriebene Rollen sind, die von den Lesern zwar angenommen und akzeptiert werden, jedoch nicht unbedingt den Tatsachen entsprechen müssen. Eingeführt und besprochen werden hier u. a. die Mystifikation, die Marke des Übersetzers sowie symbolische Machtübernahmen, anhand derer das komplexe Beziehungsgeflecht Autor/Übersetzer diskutiert wird.

The practices of translation instantiate a theory that has so far remained largely implicit; most explicit 'theories of translation' have hardly been practical, and some have even asserted that translation is in theory impossible or doomed to be inadequate. To reconcile theory with practice, we can adopt a general dialectical model, wherein language and discourse represent theory and practice respectively, and translation can be accounted for in those terms. Such a model would explore and expound the means to advance the 'theoreticalness' of human practices and the 'practicality' of human theories, and to reconcile the roles of theoreticians and practitioners. A. Theory and practice as a dialectical cycle 1. A book entitled New Foundations for a Science of Text and Discourse, I have attempted to state the conditions for a science of discourse wherein the relation between theory and practice of translation would be the most general and fundamental conception for addressing a wide range of issues, including translation. If we agree to apply our basic terms quite broadly, theory is how things get represented, whereas practice is how things get done. From a purely logical standpoint, the relations between theory and practice would be dialectical, where a dialectic consists of an interactive cycle between two sides guiding or controlling each other. When the dialectic is working smoothly, the practice is theory-driven, and the theory is

A brief history of the genesis of the Bibbia Italiana della Riforma (BIR) project in the context of other bible translations and of the theoretical principles that underlie them.

Review of the journal Protestantesimo volume in which the article appeared:
https://riforma.it/it/articolo/2019/09/10/traduzione-e-interpretazione-del-testo-biblico?fbclid=IwAR2DQz2x_N-Bfcl2ZqyRT4HajA3Nm2-dVvC2CYbR8yYS0PpvaZq29EfmmOI

Short video presentation of the project (October 28, 2017):
https://youtu.be/4jowtkOqSYc
https://youtu.be/IUGsEHVE_ro

ÖZET İntihal önemli bir sorunsal olarak Türkiye'de ve dünyada edebi eserlerde, çeşitli sanat ve basın dallarında çok sık karşılaşılan bir durum olmasına ve zaman zaman ses getirmesine rağmen, "çeviri intihali" özellikle son 10-15 yıllık zaman diliminde çeviribilim bağlamında ve çeviribilim araştırmacıları tarafından çeşitli yönleriyle irdelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, biyografi yazarı olarak da bilinen İngiliz yazar Joan Haslip'in 1958 yılında yayımlanan The Sultan. The Life of Abdul Hamid II adlı eseri ve yıllarında Türkçeye kazandırılan beş farklı çevirisi "çeviri intihali" odağında incelenmektedir. İncelemede farklı yayınevlerinden çıkan ve çevirmenler tarafından çevrildiği belirtilen bu erek metinlerin benzerlik ve farklılıkları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Böylelikle, söz konusu bu erek metinlerde, yeni bir "çeviri" olmamalarına ya da bir "yeniden basım" olmalarına rağmen, Türk okurlarına yeni bir çeviriymiş gibi sunulmaları nedeniyle "çeviri intihali" yapılıp yapılmadığının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalara yer verilmekte ve "çeviri intihali" tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Ardından çalışmanın araştırma nesnesini oluşturan kaynak metin ile erek metinler hem yan metinsel hem de metin içi unsurlar bakımından karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Karşılaştırmanın sonucunda, iki farklı çevirmen tarafından çevrildiği iddia edilen ikinci ve üçüncü erek metnin ve çevirmeni belirtilmeyen beşinci erek metnin ilk erek metnin birer "yeniden basımı" olduklarına ve "çeviri intihali" olarak nitelendirilebileceklerine, yalnızca dördüncü erek metnin yeni bir "çeviri" olduğuna ilişkin tespitlerde bulunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın "çeviri intihalini" ve tespitini örneklendirmeye, intihalin ne tür yollarla gerçekleşebileceğini gözler önüne sermeye ve özellikle "çeviri intihalinin" boyutlarını anlama ve anlamlandırmaya yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

ÖZ: Hem feminist hareketlerinin ortaya çıkışı hem de kadın çalışmalarının gelişiminde aktif bir mücadelenin parçası olan feminist söylemin kurucusu feminist kadın yazarların eserlerinin ve düşüncelerinin Türk yazınında yer bulmasında ve Türk okurlarca tanınmasında, kadın çevirmenlerin oluşturdukları çeviri grupları ve kolektif çevirileri çalışmaları çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Kadın çeviri grupları ve çeviri çalışmaları feminizmin Türkiye'de yayılmasına öncülük etmekle kalmamış, feminist söylemin çevirisine yönelik bir tartışma zeminin oluşmasına ve çeviri çalışmaların giderek artmasında da kapıları aralamışlardır. Bu çalışmada, kadın çevirmenlerin oluşturdukları çeviri grupları ve kolektif çeviri çalışmaları aracılığıyla feminist söylemin önde gelen feminist kadın yazarları ve eserleri konusunda erek okuru bilinçlendirme yönündeki adımları mercek altına alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, kadın çevirmen grupları tarafından Türkçeye çevrilen ve çevirmenlerin ön sözünü içeren erek metinlerden bir bütünce oluşturulmuştur. Bir yan metin olan ön sözler 1 , çeviri sürecine ilişkin çeşitli bilgiler sunmaları açısından çeviribilimde betimleyici çalışmalar için çok zengin bir araştırma alanı oluşturmaktadırlar. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesinde çeviribilimci Hans Vermeer'in " skopos kuramı " temel alınmakta ve öne sürmüş olduğu " skopos " , " iş " , " işveren " , " uzman " gibi kavramlardan yararlanılarak ön sözler incelenmektedir. Böylece kadın çeviri gruplarının kolektif çalışmaları aracılığıyla hem feminist çeviri çalışmalarına ilişkin süreçlerin farklı boyutlarına ışık tutulacağı ve farkındalık yaratılacağı hem de kadın çevirmenlerinin üstlendikleri rolün görünürlüğüne katkı sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir. ABSTRACT: Translation groups of women translators and their collaborative translation works have a significant role in finding a place in Turkish literature as well as in gaining

Call for Papers
[Volume: 06, Issue: 03]
International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies is an indexed, peer-reviewed, open-access, research quarterly which aims to generate and disseminate new, high quality knowledge about English language teaching, literature, linguistics and translation studies as well as to promote advanced researches and best practices in these fields. We are currently soliciting unpublished, quality research articles/case studies in the fields of ELT, Linguistics, Literature, Discourse and Translation Studies for Volume: 06, Issue: 03 [July-September, 2018 Issue] of IJ-ELTS. 
The papers can address issues in/related to the following research disciplines-
1. English Language Teaching [ELT]
2. Teaching English for Specific Purposes/ Academic Purposes
3. Effective Teaching Methodologies in Language, Literature & Translation Studies Classrooms
4. Language Assessment and Testing
5. Issues in Translation and Interpretation Studies
6. Theoretical reflections on Translation
7. Translation in a globalized world (media, communication, culture and conflict)
8. Issues and Studies in Machine Translation
9. Issues and Studies in Legal and Economic Translation
10. Interpreting studies
11. Audiovisual Translation
12. Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies
13. Translation and Literature
14. Literary Translation
15. Postcolonial Translation Studies
16. Translation and Ideology
17. Translation Criticism
18. Cultural Translation
19. Corpus-Based Translation Studies
20. Translation Quality Assessment
21. Translation of Medical Texts
22. Sociological Models of Translation and Interpreting
23. Specialised Translation
24. Screen Translation
25. Translator and Interpreter Training
26. Studies in language, Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
27. Issues and Studies in English Literature and Literatures in English

Submission is free and open for all. You can submit your manuscript to submissions@eltsjournal.org and a copy to ijelts@gmail.com .
For more information, visit For Authors webpage of IJ-ELTS- http://www.eltsjournal.org/for%20authors.html

This mixed-methods study focuses on the audience reception of theatre surtitles in a Francophone minority theatre context in Western Canada at L’UniThéâtre in Edmonton, Alberta. The main objective of this multifaceted research was to measure the perceptions of and reactions to English surtitles according to the participants’ first language (French L1, French and English L1, English L1, Other L1) in order to gain an understanding of how mono- and bilingual audiences make use of theatre surtitles, and how surtitles affect their reception of a theatre production. The results were contrasted with Griesel’s audience model (2005, 2007, 2009) in order to demonstrate how the model for conventional surtitling contexts must be further nuanced for theatre surtitling in Francophone minority contexts in Canada. Another goal of this study was to evaluate whether the chosen surtitling strategy of condensed-direct translation, based on the concept of literal transfer, is appropriate for such surtitling contexts. The main hypothesis of this study is based on Ladouceur’s previous research (2013a; 2013c) which outlines that it is important to reproduce the source text as close to its original form in the target text since bilingual Francophone audience members simultaneously have access to both the source text and the target text. It was assumed that this method of translation would minimize the distraction to Francophone audience members for whom the surtitles are not a necessity and subsequently, reduce the potential of these audience members judging the accuracy and legitimacy of the English translation. It was also hypothesized that this strategy is a more suitable strategy to help French language learners understand and acquire the source language spoken on stage, since past research on subtitles indicate that literal transfer provides learners with a more or less direct access to the second language they are learning and that this strategy is more supportive to low proficiency learners both psychologically and linguistically. An additional objective of this study was to measure the effect of the technical aspects of surtitles on the reception process and to test whether or not this translation strategy is
iii
suitable on a technical level, since longer surtitles automatically increase the reading speed required to absorb the surtitles. The results of this study provide a framework upon which to create surtitles for use within multicultural and bilingual contexts, such as the Francophone minority contexts in Canada, as well as for theatre productions destined to a globalized market. On a technical level, the results of this study help to further define the limits and potentials of the technical aspects of surtitles and to provide a better understanding of their impact on reception. The framework for measuring the audience reception of surtitles developed in this study is useful for advancing research on surtitles and audience reception. On a sociolinguistic level, the results provide a clear portrait of how audience members from various language backgrounds and with varying levels of French proficiency make use of surtitles in this Francophone minority theatre context and also reveal that surtitles offer several benefits to language learners.

In this paper, we (a) explain how translators can benefit from creating their own glossaries; and (b) evaluate how easily a translation glossary can be created from Japanese source text using free software applications. As our study shows, a major hurdle arises from the fact that Japanese text does not include spaces; it must be segmented, i.e., broken into " usable chunks " (Fahey, 2016), before a concordancer (in our case, AntConc 3.2.4) can be used to analyze it for glossary creation. We segmented our Japanese text using an application (ChaSen 2.1) designed for this purpose. This application's output was problematic, forcing us to devise workarounds that became labour-intensive and time-consuming. Our completed glossary (shown in Appendix 1) is fit for purpose, but the complications in the process of creating it call into question the feasibility of using free software to make translation glossaries from text written in Japanese.

La communication ici proposée porte sur les possibilités de réconcilier la théorie et la pratique de traduction qu’offre l’exemple de l’école traductologique russe. Bien que certains travaux soient connus depuis longtemps par les  traductologues occidentaux (par ex. ceux de Fedorov et de Komissarov, voir Mounin 1963 et  Fawcett 1997), la plupart d'eux sont encore méconnus. Ils sont cependant depuis peu l'objet d'un intérêt croissant  de la part d'historiens et théoriciens de la traduction (Mossop 2013, Baer et Olshanskaya 2013, Pym 2014).

Notre travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'approche théorique et historique telle que décrite par Holmes, qui soulignait l’importance de la recherche dans les domaines dits « vierges » (Holmes 1972) de l'histoire des théories de la traduction, mais aussi dans un contexte de réflexion sur la manière dont la pratique de la traduction peut contribuer à l’avancée de la recherche en traductologie.

Dans notre communication, nous donnerons un exemple d’une approche de la traduction, où, contrairement à l’écart qui s’observe entre la théorie et la pratique de traduction dans les translation studies occidentales, la théorie et la pratique de traduction cohabitent en paix. Pour le faire, nous nous concentrerons sur les travaux des traductologues russes (Fedorov, Retsker, Šveitser, Komissarov) et sur leur contribution au développement d’une approche qui s’est avérée capable de concilier la théorie descriptive de traduction avec la pratique et la didactique de la traduction. Nous visons donc à démontrer comment le programme de formation de traducteurs et d’interprètes en Russie moderne combine l’apprentissage de la théorie linguistique de traduction avec l’acquisition de compétences professionnelles. Nous chercherons ainsi à faire connaître les réalisations de l’école traductologique russe largement ignorées de la communauté traductologique, tout en esquissant une réflexion sur la possibilité d’un dialogue théorique entre les approches occidentales et l’approche linguistique russe.