Regional integration and human development

This research presents the impact caused by the formation agreement in Pedagogy between the university Uniminuto, the Colombian Institute of Familiar Welfare, under UN and UNDP 1990, 2009, 2015 concepts of Human Development, as well as Delors (1996), García and Maldonado (2014) and Sen (2013). A qualitative research in a sample of 40 students, analyzed through ATLAS Ti ®. Six categories were defined: Autonomy, Integrality, life Project, Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship,  Innovation and Humanism, from which the most important conclusions led to say that this process has contributed to a best quality life and the empowerment into their communities.
KEY WORDS
Childhood, Pedagogy, Community Mother, Quality Living, Human Development.

Daya dukung lingkungan adalah batas teratas dari pertumbuhan suatu populasi dimana jumlah populasi tidak dapat didukung lagi oleh sarana, sumber daya dan lingkungan yang ada. Kota Kediri merupakan kota terbesar ketiga di Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan total luas 63.404 km 2. Pada tahun 2015 jumlah penduduk Kota Kediri mengalami peningkatan menjadi 312.538 jiwa. Kota Kediri dikenal sebagai pusat perdagangan utama untuk gula dan industri rokok terbesar sehingga menjadikan Kota Kediri sebagai salah satu pilihan untuk berinvestasi yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan peningkatan kebutuhan lahan sepeti permukiman, pabrik dan sebagainya. Kajian mengenai kesesuaian lahan dan daya dukung lahan di Kota Kediri dapat menjadi pedoman dalam pemanfaatan lahan dan evaluasi Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) sehingga terwujud ruang wilayah nasional yang aman, nyaman, produktif dan hamonis antara lingkungan alam dan lingkungan buatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian lahan berdasarkan daya dukung lingkungan dan mengetahui kemampuan lahan dan daya tampung untuk permukiman. METODOLOGI Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur dengan luas keseluruhan mencapai 63,404 km 2. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, seperti peta kemiringan, peta drainase, peta erosi, kedalaman efektif, tekstur tanah, peta pemaebilitas dari instansi terkait. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial GIS Arcview 3.1 ESRI dengan cara overlay data spasial

Perencanaan pembangunan yang terarah merupakan syarat dalam upaya pengelolaan wilayah. Melalui pembangunan yang terencana dapat ditentukan tahapan pembangunan secara tertib berdasarkan prioritas pembangunan dengan memperhatikan daya dukung sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia yang ada. Dalam upaya untuk membuat suatu perencanaan pengembangan wilayah yang optimal dan terpadu untuk mengatasi kesenjangan antar wilayah ini, maka perlu diketahui bagaimana sebenarnya diferensiasi perkembangan masing-masing wilayah. Analisis faktor digunakan untuk mengetahui sifat saling ketergantungan antara variabel-variabel yang ada. Analisis sektor unggulan dilakukan setelah diperoleh analisis keterkaitan antar sektor dalam analisis input-output. Untuk menentukan sektor unggulan perlu diukur skor tingkat keunggulan setiap sektor ekonomi menggunakan Indeks Komposit. Analisis faktor adalah kajian tentang saling ketergantungan antara variabel-variabel, dengan tujuan untuk menemukan himpunan variabel-variabel baru, yang lebih sedikit jumlahnya dari pada variabel semula, dan yang menunjukkan yang mana di antara variabel-variabel semula itu yang merupakan faktor-faktor persekutuan (Suryanto 1988). Dalam analisis faktor, variabel-variabel dalam jumlah besar dikelompokkan dalam sejumlah faktor yang mempunyai sifat dan karakteristik yang hampir sama, sehingga lebih mempermudah pengolahan. Analisis faktor pada prinsipnya digunakan untuk mereduksi data, yaitu proses untuk meringkas sejumlah variabel menjadi lebih sedikit dan menamakannya sebagai faktor (Rivani 2012). Berdasarkan tujuannya analisis faktor dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua macam yaitu analisis faktor eksploratori dan analisis faktor konfirmatori. Analisis faktor eksploratori tidak dilakukan hipotesis yang bersifat teoritis dalam menggunakan analisis faktor, sehingga kesimpulan pengelompokan pada faktor-faktor akan dibuat berdasarkan apa yang nanti diperoleh dalam analisis.

Pengaruhi perkembangan suatu kota adalah keterkaitannya dengan kota lain, baik dalam maupun luar negeri, serta keterkaitan dengan daerah belakangnya (hinterland) atau daerah pedesaan sekitarnya. Sering keterkaitan ini terwujud sebagai suatu bentuk sistem kota menjadi unsur utama dan merupakan simpul (node). Keterkaitan ini memegang peranan penting dalam pembentukan pola dan struktur sistem perkotaan, dan dalam merangsang perkembangan kota. Kota Cirebon yang merupakan kota mandiri terbesar kedua di Provinsi Jawa Barat setelah Ibukota Jawa Barat yaitu Bandung, memiliki kegiatan perekonomian dan sosial yang berkembang pesat, sehingga menyebabkan munculnya pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru untuk menampung kegiatan ekonomi dan sosial dalam kota ini. Hal ini akan membuat interaksi antar wilayah di sekitar Kota Cirebon guna mendukung kegiatan ekonomi. METODOLOGI Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan populasi yang ada yaitu kelurahan-kelurahan yang ada di dalam wilayah Kecamatan Harjamukti yaitu Kelurahan Argasunya, Kelurahan Kalijaga, Kelurahan Harjamukti, Kelurahan Kecapi, dan Kelurahan Larangan. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah kekuatan interaksi pusat pertumbuhan, ketersediaan fasilitas, dan potensi ekonomi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari instansi terkait, seperti BAPPEDA Kota Cirebon, BPS Kota Cirebon, BPS Indonesia, dan Pemerintah Kecamatan Harjamukti. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis gravitasi. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kota Cirebon menghadapi masalah urban seperti kepadatan dan kemacetan di pusat kota. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut Kota Cirebon menetapkan pusa-pusat pertumbuhan baru di sekitar pusat kota utama. Daerah yang ditetapkan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan baru adalah Kecamatan Harjamukti agar tercipta interaksi wilayah yang baru. Untuk mengetahui kondisi wilayah dilakukan identifikasi interaksi suatu daerah dengan daerah lain.

Sektor perekonomian di Kabupaten Temanggung yang mengalami perubahan posisi pada masa yang akan datang yaitu sektor pertambangan dan galian, sektor industri pengolahan, sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, dan sektor jasa-jasa. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan posisi pada sektor pertambangan dan galian, sektor industri pengolahan  dan sektor jasa-jasa adalah faktor struktur ekonominya. Sedangkan faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan posisi pada sektor perdagangan, dan hotel dan restoran.

The Trends of the Dissertations Published in the Kuwaiti Periodical “Geographical Dissertations” during the Period of 1979 to 2007
-Analytical Study-
Abstract
The “Geographical Dissertations” periodical issued by the research and translation unit in Kuwait University and the Kuwaiti Geographical Society has an exclusive scientific value within researchers and specialists in the Arab World especially geographers and researchers in all discipline in general.
This study discusses analytically the trends of the published periodicals since the first one published in January 1979 till December 2007 (331 Papers) with the goal to find the stature of the periodical, its role in spreading geographical knowledge, analyze its research trends and process it to the branches of geography, and focusing on the changes that occurred in geographic research in terms of: content, curriculum and method, in addition to identifying the journal impact factor for the useful applied empirical researches which dealt with KSA and which were published in the above periodical during the period under scrutiny, and identifying its qualitative structure according to major branches of geography.
It mainly depended on several curriculums; the most prominent were: objective method, historical method, and inductive method for analyzing research trends published in the periodical during the aforementioned period.
In order to achieve the above objective, the research has been divided into two main parts. The first part discussed the main features of the periodical, and the second part was dedicated for presenting and analyzing the main trends of the published researches In terms of: development of the number of papers according to topic, discipline, the main framework for the research trends and main methods, and distribution of researches according to location.
The paper’s conclusion included the most important results like: the papers published in the periodical were not exclusively for geographers (there were other disciplines published); the periodical included thirty five translated papers from different geographical disciplines and that during its first five years, the periodical witnessed the greatest period of publishing translated work. Study showed a drop in women participation in publication, and that most of the papers published were single-authored (93.35%) while the multi-authored were the remaining 6.65%. Analytical study of the research was able to identify twenty three disciplines that include all geography majors, which reflects the periodical’s success in forming an applied geographical library and following the changes in the content, curriculum, and methods of geography. It has also been recognized that papers that discussed KSA or part of it with study and different applications became the top globally and with no competition (110 papers; 41.20% of the total). Whoever follows these papers will find out that they are diversified in all disciplines of geography, which is due to reasons like: the country’s large area and its diversified natural environment; the abundance of resources and economic activity and their related services; the encouragement of the government to the researchers via financial and moral support, not mentioning the provision of the required scientific materials and facilitating field work for all researchers.



تحظى دورية " رسائل جغرافية " التي تصدر عن وحدة البحث والترجمة بجامعة الكويت والجمعية الجغرافية الكويتية بقيمة علمية كبرى في أواسط الباحثين والمتخصصين على مستوى العالم العربي وبخاصة الجغرافيين والباحثين في مختلف التخصصات بصفة عامة.
وتتناول هذه الدراسة بالتحليل اتجاهات الأبحاث المنشورة بالدورية منذ صدور عددها الأول في يناير 1979 إلى ديسمبر عام 2007 م ( 331 بحثاً ). بهدف التعرف على المكانة البحثية للدورية, ودورها في نشر المعرفة الجغرافية , وتحليل اتجاهاتها البحثية ومعالجتها لفروع علم الجغرافيا . وإلقاء الضوء على التغييرات التي حدثت في البحث الجغرافي من حيث : المحتوى والمنهج والأسلوب. بالإضافة إلى التعرف على الوزن النسبي للأبحاث التطبيقية _ ذات الجانب النفعي _ التي تناولت المملكة العربية السعودية المنشورة بالدورية خلال الفترة قيد الدراسة , وتحديد هيكلها النوعي وفقاً للتخصصات الجغرافية الرئيسة.
واعتمد على عدة مناهج أبرزها : المنهج الموضوعي التقسيمي , والمنهج التاريخي , والمنهج الاستقرائي لتحليل الاتجاهات البحثية المنشورة بالدورية خلال الفترة قيد البحث.
ولتحقيق الهدف من الدراسة قسم البحث قسمين رئيسين ؛ الأول منها تناول الملامح الرئيسة للدورية , أما القسم الثاني فخصص لعرض وتحليل الاتجاهات الرئيسة للأبحاث المنشورة من حيث : تطور أعداد الأبحاث تبعاً للموضوعات والتخصصات التي تم حصرها , والإطار العام للاتجاهات البحثية والمنهجية وأساليبها الرئيسة , وتوزيع الأبحاث وفقاً لمنطقة الدراسة.
وذيلت الدراسة بخاتمة اشتملت على أهم نتائج الدراسة نذكر منها: أنه تبين من الدراسة أن الأبحاث المنشورة بالدورية غير مقتصرة على الجغرافيين فهناك تخصصات أخرى نشرت بحوثها بالدورية. ومن الحصر الشامل للدورية اتضح أنها ضمت خمسة وثلاثين بحثاً مترجماً في مختلف التخصصات الجغرافية, وشهدت السنوات الخمس الأولى من إصدار الدورية أعظم فترة لنشر الأعمال المترجمة. وأظهرت الدراسة انخفاض نسبة مساهمة المرأة في النشر بالدورية, كما اتضح أن الاتجاه السائد في الأبحاث التي تم حصرها هو الأبحاث المنفردة      ( 93.35 % من الإجمالي ) وكونت الأبحاث المشركة النسبة الباقية ( 6.65 % ). ومن الدراسة التحليلية للأبحاث أمكن حصر ثلاثة وعشرين تخصصاً رئيسا ضمت كافة التخصصات الجغرافية, وهو ما يعكس نجاح الدورية في تكوين مكتبة جغرافية تطبيقية وتتبع مظاهر التغير في محتوى ومناهج وأساليب علم الجغرافيا. وتبين أن الأبحاث التي تناولت المملكة العربية السعودية أو منطقة منها بالدراسة والتطبيقات المختلفة قد تصدرت بدون منافس كافة الأبحاث التي أجريت على مستوى الدول ( 110 بحثاً) بنسبة 41.20% من الإجمالي , ومن تتبع تلك الأبحاث اتضح أنها تتميز بالتنوع في شتى مجالات الجغرافيا , ويرجع ذلك إلى عدة أسباب نذكر منها : اتساع مساحة الدولة وتعدد بيئتها الطبيعية وتنوعها , وتعدد مواردها وأنشطتها الاقتصادية والخدمات المرتبطة بها , بالإضافة إلى تشجيع الدولة للباحثين من خلال تقديم الدعم المادي أو المعنوي , فضلاً عن توفير المادة العلمية اللازمة وتسهيل إجراءات العمل الميداني لكافة الباحثين.

Present study investigates the current status of human development and human development disparities across the districts of Punjab. We have calculated Education Index (EI), Health index (HI), Income Index (INI), Human Development Index (HDI) and Non-Income Human Development Index (NIHDI) for thirty five districts of Punjab. One district Chiniot is excluded from our analysis due to some data constraints. Districts have been ranked on the basis of their values of EI, HI, INI, HDI and NIHDI. The results of our study indicate that huge human development disparities exist in terms of EI, HI, INI, HDI and NIHDI among the districts of Punjab. Some districts like Rawalpindi and Lahore have high human development status with high HDI and NIHDI values whereas some districts like Bahawalpur and Rajanpur are lagging behind in human development with low HDI and NIHDI values. Comparison of income index (INI) and NIHDI reveals that some districts like Narowal and Gujranwala have performed well in terms of NIHDI than INI. Similarly some other districts like Dera Gazi Khan, Muzaffar Garh and Rahim Yar Khan have performed better in terms of INI than their performance in NIHDI. The existing human development disparities among districts need to be reduced through effective public policy because such disparities can create a severe type of rivalry and distrust among the regions which can be harmful for social cohesion. The districts with poor human development especially the districts in the West and the South regions of Punjab are identified as target for special policy interventions.

In a multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) IC the processor is one of the highest heat dissipating devices. The temperature generated in an IC may vary with floor plan of the chip. This paper proposes an integration and thermal analysis methodology to extract the peak temperature and temperature distribution of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional multiprocessor system-on-chip. As we know the peak temperature of chip increases in 3-dimensional structures compared to 2-dimensional ones due to the reduced space in intra-layer and inter-layer components. In sub-nanometre scale technologies, it is inevitable to analysis the heat developed in individual chip to extract the temperature distribution of the entire chip. With the technology scaling in new generation ICs more and more components are integrated to a smaller area. Along with the other parameters threshold voltage is also scaled down which results in exponential increase in leakage current. This has resulted in rise in hotspot temperature value due to increase in leakage power. In this paper, we have analysed the temperature developed in an IC with four identical processors at 2.4 GHz in different floorplans. The analysis has been done for both 2D and 3D arrangements. In the 3D arrangement, a three layered structure has been considered with two Silicon layers and a thermal interface material (TIM) in between them. Based on experimental results the paper proposes a methodology to reduce the peak temperature developed in 2D and 3D integrated circuits .

The ending of the global economic crisis has left some sectors of the economy in the need to start-off with a more efficient and more competitive offer of the pre-crisis period. Rome offers urban and cultural tourism that presents problems of over-crowding and risk of banalisation of the product. Thus, owing to all the tourism, Rome managed to overcome the crisis period without much difficulty. However, the situation on the coast near Rome is still problematic. It extends along the sea between the Fiumicino Airport and the port of Civitavecchia. Coastal and marine tourism products have undergone major transformations, and to overcome the crisis, a pro-found renewal work is required. There is a need for a different regional development or-ganisation to update supply and offer new products to guests. Up until now, coastal entrepreneurs had only considered their territory and their business. A possible solution to the problem is suggested by greater integration between the coast and inland areas. In the case of Lazio, these areas are rich in tangible cultural goods, as a result of various civilizations that developed over the centuries, and intan-gible cultural goods that are the result of sed-imentation of different cultures. The situation of coastal and marine tourism on the north coast of Lazio is considered in relation to the development of the sector in the rest of Italy. The variables under consideration are those of the tourism sector in the period 2001–2011 to check the effects of the global economic crisis on employment at each individual municipality. The analysis examines all municipalities in order to confirm how the crisis has had con-sequences, particularly on the coastal com-munes. Only the communes of the coast are taken into consideration. The indexation of occupants in tourism in comparison to the residents shows a clear difference between the municipalities in northern Italy and those in southern Italy. However, the study of the employment situation in the Latium region shows a lesser presence of occupiers in the coastal areas where the supply is potentially concen-trated. In the seven communes of the North Coast, the situation is even more worrying, as it is clear that many of the activities are carried out by companies that are located outside the area, as the ones inside are inade-quate and unable to compete at national and international levels. Hence, there is a need to create networks of companies where cooperation and better organisation can enable them to be more competitive.

Cite this article: Raszkowski, A., Bartniczak, B. Towards Sustainable Regional Development: Economy, Society, Environment, Good Governance Based on the Example of Polish Regions. Transformations in Business & Economics, 2018, Vol. 17, No 2 (44), pp.225-245.The presented study discusses problems referring to the concept of sustainable development at regional level, based on the example of Polish regions in the period 2005-2011. The first part presents theoretical aspects of sustainable regional development, raises the problems of primary phenomena hindering such development, sustainable development definitions, the role of creativity, the importance of NGOs, good governance of regional space. The next part of the article provides the characteristics of sustainable development indicators selected for the analysis in accordance with the approach adopted by the Central Statistical Office in Poland towards measuring the level of sustainable regional development. The synthetic measure of development (SMD) represents the applied research method, which offered the basis for constructing the ranking and identifying the position of particular Polish regions. The research results remain the core of the study since they illustrate the indicator values in the years under analysis. Within the framework of the final remarks and conclusions it was emphasized that in none of the studied regions, in terms of implementing sustainable development standards, the situation can be assessed as favourable or very favourable and the reasons for such state of the matter were provided. In spite of the relatively unfavourable results, a gradual improvement of the situation was observed over the years. It was pointed out that one of the fundamental barriers to the implementation of sustainable development standards is the absence of awareness and understanding of the discussed development concept.

Territories is a new digital, double blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal, published by the University of California through its repository e-Scholarship. As a new journal in an emerging field, we seek to approach the concept of region from a post-national and/or trans-national perspective and contribute to the field as a forum for rigorous, innovative academic debate about the current social, political, and increasingly urban conditions concerning regions and regionality. In this first issue we want to question the very spatiality of a region. For that we would like to focus on how the concept of nation state has evolved into a more dynamic reality and currently represents one of the major challenges for Europe as an union of a multiplicities of social and cultural realities. With this respect, many smaller regions in Europe (Basque, Catalan, Scotland, and others) remain underrepresented not only in their political stem, but also in their cultural singularity and innovative capabilities to reinvent current politics and economics, as they are to build up new approaches to urban and social design. Therefore, we consider that these questions are the backbone of current political, urban and cultural issues in Europe and represent the next big challenge that Europe, as a political union, will be facing in the coming decades.

All the districts of state 2 were having high HDI in 2058. In last one decade, three out of eight districts have slide into medium HDI ranking and remaining three have slide into lowest human development index ranking. Mahottari and Sarlahi belongs in the upper ranking within the state 2. According to Central Bureau of Statistics, districts having 21 percent and lower poverty rates are having higher Human development index. And districts having 31 percent and higher poverty rates are having lower Human development index. Mahottari district poverty rates in 16.2 whereas Saptari district poverty rate is 39.5 percent.

This contribution considers the possibility of a borderless Southern Africa—under the auspices of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This is done against the realities and understandings of migration and contested notions of citizenship and development in Southern Africa. A thorough review of legislative and policy frameworks of different types of migration at the regional and national levels in Southern Africa was conducted. Primary data were obtained through personal interviews with policy-makers, migrants and other non-state actors whilst participant observations were also conducted at border posts, government immigration offices and refugee application centres. The chapter proffers that Southern Africa is characterised by open borders, with substantial formal and informal cross-border movements that have political and socio-economic costs. However, the most preferred destinations by migrants in the region have systematically opposed the establishment of a formal free-movement-of-people regime across the region for over 20 years. Still, regional legislation and the realities of formal and informal movement across national borders in the SADC region show the necessity for member states to establish a migration management regime devoid of borders. This, however, will have to be carefully crafted, fully considering the region’s history and the challenges associated with migration.

Executive Summary This paper quantifies the economic impact of Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar (BCIM) economic cooperation and compares it with the alternative option of expanding South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) with China and Myanmar. The paper ...

Thar Desert, the 9th largest subtropical desert of the world, is spread over an area of some 200,000 square kilometres between India and Pakistan. On the Indian side it is called the Rajhistan or the Great Indian Desert, while in Pakistan it is known as Thar, mostly located in the Sind province and partly in the southern Punjab province, where the Cholistan Desert joins hands with the Thar. Thar in local language simply means " the desert. " The desert mostly consists of large barren tracts of sand dunes covered with thorny bushes. Like all other deserts, water is extremely scarce and hard to find, specially the potable drinking water. When it rains, the rain water gets collected in small low lying bowl shaped ponds called the " tobas " where men and animals drink together. There are no alternatives as wells digging is not possible. Even if there is a success, the water is so brackish and salty that it cannot be consumed for drinking purposes. Due to the nature of earth with loose sand, deep wells are not possible as the earth gives in during digging and sometimes costs the life of the well diggers. Even if there is a success that brings sweet water, the well soon dries up. For this reason, there are no permanent settlements in the Thar and people roam the desert like nomads and make a temporary abode around a water source till it dries up too. Potable drinking water scarcity makes living extremely difficult. Due to its almost non-existence, it gives rise to diseases and many disorders for which no cure is available as a semblance of medical aid is only available in larger towns miles away. It is a pity that while a segment of our population is devoid of this natural gift, we in cities waste water at leisure. While taking showers, we keep the shower running while we soap and shampoo. We keep the tap running in our kitchens while we wash the dishes. We drink the half of the glass and throw the rest in the wash basin. This is criminal and we are doing it at the cost of those who do not have any access to it. It is strange that while more people around the world have cellular phones, more than 2.5 billion have no access to toilet and some one billion without any access to safe drinking water. The bloggers from around the world join hand today to raise the awareness about access to safe and clean drinking water for almost a billion people around the world, and hope from those reading their posts to extend their cooperation in the noble cause.