Planning Theory

Introduction Design with nature was published 50 years ago and will be celebrated by the University of Pennsyl-vania McHarg Center. Penn Department of Landscape Architecture is honoring one of his most famous head and promising that his lesson may steal lead a new wave of sustainable planning and also a movement for ecological purposes. Meeting around such mythic figure the best thinking and profession of our time will not reaffirm any more the pivot rule of the ivy league University, but also to foster some central principle still projected to a future envisaged half a century ago but no more achieved. The choice of supporting ideas and proposals clearly opposed to the majority trend in the United States and his Presidency (already an alumni of the Penn Warton School) is shown as a sharp positioning in the political arena in addition to academic ambitions. In this contribution, at distance, to that celebrations, as a post-doc researcher to the close Department of Planning, I will try to select what seems to me the most promising ideas still able to stimulate and address the work of landscape, regional and urban planners. I will start recalling few information of the McHarg biography that may explain why his commitment to environmental issues was so challenging and may be still fertile. Then I will outline some features of the planning culture of the time the book was written having special attention to the closer colleagues and theories growing in the Philadelphia melting pot. I find also of great interest to point to the way the book was born not only as the output of the complex character of its author, but as a measure of the deep construction of proposals whose aim was to face new and hard problems in a fresh vision and practical efficiency. Many critics, better that I can do now, forwarded many and sometime contrasting appraisal of the values of this book together to the whole McHarg production. Some stated that in Design with Nature is condensed all McHarg had to say, or at least the best he could. That is why, discussion over his contribution to landscape design could be concentrate there to assess faults and merits. My effort is more oriented by the interest of a reflexive practitioner, always in search of effective tools for practice. In the list many things may be added: new perspective to look at complex word phenomena and be able to understand them; how to take advantage of the knowledge coming from science and technology and use it to human purpose; why deep beliefs spread in our culture and lead our actions, belonging to decision processes; how the knowledge bag of planners benefitted of his teaching, and sill do.

... Editorial Committee Isabelle Doucet Paola Pittaluga Silvia Serreli Project Assistants Monica Johansson Lisa Meloni Aims and Scope Urban and ... crucial points during second half of the twentieth century seems indispensable (Hall, Thomas, Gracey, & Drewett, 1973; Godschalk ...

Revisiting the relation between planning and entrepreneurship is a needed focus in planning education, yet not an unambiguous task to address. The 11th Conference of AESOP Young Academics Network followed the theme “Planning and Entrepreneurship”. It was hosted by the Chair of Urban Development at Technische Universität München in Germany. In April 2017, it brought together over 50 participants from 17 countries who presented 46 papers on the subject matter. Sometimes explicitly, at times more implicitly, young international planning scholars sought to review benefits and potential pitfalls of introducing the study of diverse forms of entrepreneurship and related concepts to contemporary planning debates, in theory and praxis, as well as at their interface. The conference embraced a “wide definition of entrepreneurship”, encompassing the range from commercial entrepreneurship to civil initiatives that “are sometimes filling the void that planning leaves” (ibid.). It simultaneously promoted the notion that both businesses and publics take a sceptical stance towards technocratic planning and government interventions. This scepticism, apparently, “has brought the discipline into crisis, from which it has not yet fully recovered” (ibid.). The following questions accompanied the event: How can planning support innovative activities? How can planners react to technological start-ups moving into the realms of planning, architecture, and geo-localised data? Can (or should) planners themselves become entrepreneurs?.

This text intervenes in the recent debate on planetary urbanization theory. It brings together a post-foundational reading of Henri Lefebvre's social theory with the spatially theoretical notion of a `constitutive outside´. Initially, I reconstructLefebvrès approach to totality (as a necessary reference point that never can be fully achieved) and show how it develops the planetary figure of total urbanization. Furthermore, I explore the nature of the constitutive outside that plays an important role not only in recent discussions on the planetary approach but is a key play on words in post-structuralist political theory. In my conclusion, I suggest considering the constitu-tive outside as an important area for further empirical urban research and as onto-theoretical core for a planetary urbanization approach in urban studies and planning theory.

Spatializing Politics is an anthology of emerging scholarship that treats built and imagined spaces as critical to knowing political power. In academic and popular discourse, spaces tend to serve as passive containers, symbols, or geographical coordinates for political theories, ideologies, and histories. By contrast, the essays in this collection illustrate how buildings and landscapes as disparate as Rust Belt railway stations and rural Rwandan hills become tools of political action and frameworks for political authority. Each chapter features original research on the spatial production of conflict and consensus, which ranges from exclusion and incarceration to reclamation and reconciliation. By focusing on the architects and spaces of political empowerment, the anthology fills a critical gap in studies of space and politics in anthropology, architectural history, conflict studies, geography, public policy, science/technology studies, and urban planning. These essays also demonstrate the global, historical, and contemporary relevance of thinking spatially for political action. Altogether, this multidisciplinary collection puts forward various spatial epistemologies that conceptualize, concretize, and contest forms of spatial politics.

In 1969, "People and Planning, the Report of the Committee on Public Participation in Planning, was published in the United Kingdom." Commonly known as the "Skeffington Report," it marks one of the first official attempts to think through how publics could be meaningfully engaged in the production of public policies and plans. In this commentary, I review the relevance of this work from an American perspective. In the US, the Skeffington report's reach is far less than that of Arnstein’s (1969) contemporaneous "ladder of citizen participation," a staple of American planning education. I find the Skeffington report’s address of race and power lacking, even as it introduces the idea of co-production throughout all stages of planning as a powerful call to re-center planning work in communities.

The New Arab Urban is the latest effort to shed light on urbanization and urbanism in the Arab capitals of the Persian Gulf. This edited book primarily focuses on Dubai and Abu Dhabi, though also includes many incursions into neighboring Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia, and a brief discussion of Beirut, Lebanon. Molotch and Ponzini, the book’s editors, have pulled together 12 essays (plus co-authored introduction and con- clusion chapters), written by a number of researchers studying Gulf urbanism from a variety of perspectives: from architecture and photography to history, planning, geogra- phy, sociology, political science, and Middle Eastern studies. It is not easy to edit a vol- ume that represents such a large spread of interests and disciplinary schools, and it shows in this book.

This volume analyses the interpretation of the built environment by connecting analytical frames developed in the fields of semiotics and geography. It focuses on specific components of the built environment: monuments and memorials, as it is easily recognisable that they are erected to promote specific meanings in the public space.

The volume concentrates on monuments and memorials in post-Soviet countries in Eastern Europe, with a focus on Estonia. Elites in post-Soviet countries have often used monuments to shape meanings reflecting the needs of post-Soviet culture and society. However, individuals can interpret monuments in ways that are different from those envisioned by their designers. In Estonia, the relocation and removal of Soviet monuments and the erection of new ones has often created political divisions and resulted in civil disorder.

This book examines the potential gap between the designers’ expectations and the users’ interpretations of monuments and memorials. The main argument is that connecting semiotics and geography can provide an innovative framework to understand how monuments convey meanings and how these are variously interpreted at societal levels.

Die Zuwendung zum Ding und zum Objekt ist etwas, was aktuell viele sozialtheoretisch engagierte Debatten in unterschiedlichen Wissensfeldern bewegt und auch in den urbanistischen Planungswissenschaften diskutiert wird. In der Stadtforschung geht es unter der Überschrift der urban assemblages um das Verhältnis zwischen den Dingen und dem Sozialen, um die Verfasstheit jenes Verhältnisses und um die Revision eines lange eingeübten Blickes, mit dem – so die These – an den Dingen vorbeigeschaut worden ist. Die assemblages werden konstruiert als materielle, heterogene und praxisbasierte Grundlage des Sozialen. Es ist der Fokus auf die Dinge, der den Ansatz der urban assemblages zusammenhält und der ihn gleichzeitig von anderen Theorieschulen in der kritischen Stadtforschung abgrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag wirft einen Blick darauf, was das Denken des Dings beinhaltet, wie es aufgebaut ist, was es impliziert. Dafür werden die verschiedenen Herkünfte des Konzepts betrachtet, insbesondere die Inhalte, Thesen und Kontexte bei Durkheim, Heidegger, Lacan und Latour. Im Ergebnis der Zusammenschau werden die urbanen Eigenschaften des Dings diskutiert und auch, wie die Berücksichtigung der Dinge das Nachdenken über das Städtische beeinflusst.

Von Thunen Theory Relevance In Bergas District, Semarang Regency. This day, the agriculture is start to losing it existence and replaced by the other land use. But, agriculture is one thing that improve Indonesia’s economic and it means that agriculture is very important to us. There are still many region in Indonesia which rely on agriculture to live the life. One of those region is Bergas District in Semarang Regency. This jurnal is written to give you an examine more deeply review about the Von Thunen’s theory on agriculture land. Is that still relevance or not to this day agriculture. Methods that used in this journal is descriptive analysis. Through the analysis process, we had a result that there is relevances between today’s agriculture in Bergas District and Von Thunen’s theory in some aspect.

I have over 30 years’ experience in planning and urban regeneration. I have an international reputation in the fields of urban planning, urban theory and regeneration. I have practised in the public and private sectors, recently giving expert witness evidence at a major urban regeneration public inquiry in the UK. I have carried out funded research and published widely. I sit on the board of several academic journals and am the author of numerous peer-reviewed journal articles, the co-editor of "The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration" and the author of the (2016) research monograph, "Exploring the Production of Urban Space". I regularly chair sessions and presents papers at major international conferences. My latest co-edited book, "The Routledge Handbook of Henri Lefebvre, The City and Urban Society" is currently in press.

I have given expert witness evidence at over ten planning public inquiries. Over
the years I have taught planning and regeneration at undergraduate and
postgraduate levels. I have carried out relevant research, published books and
academic journal articles, presented papers at major international conferences
and devised and delivered relevant Continuing Professional Development training
for practitioners, including giving evidence at public inquiries.

I have over the years been commissioned as a planning consultant by the public and
private sectors and been awarded research grants and commissions by the
public and private sectors. Recently, I was interviewed by The Guardian
newspaper and Global TV News Canada regarding urban regeneration and public
space.

For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards 'post-growth planning'. It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation. Zusammenfassung: Prozesse komplexer räumlicher Transformationen sind für Planer vergleichbar mit einem unerforschten Land oder einer ungewissen Reise. Viele mögliche Rollenverständnisse überlagern sich und stehen traditionellen und etablierten Denk-und Handlungsweisen gegenüber. Dabei geht es um Navigieren statt Kontrollieren, um Unterstützen statt Durchsetzen. In der Planung fehlen hingegen geeignete Werkzeuge, um bei Unsicherheit zu denken und zu handeln. Dieser Beitrag arbeitet rollenreflexive Planung als pädagogischen und experimentellen Ansatz heraus. Er bietet Grundlagen an der Schnittstelle von räumlicher Planung zur Transitionsforschung unter Verwendung rollenbasierter Ideen als Brücke. Er enthält einen Überblick über unterschiedliche Rollenverständnisse, die für Planung für und mit Transformationen für Planer relevant sind. Er entwickelt eine rollenreflexive Planung, die zwischen Kontext und Handlungen vermittelt sowie mit individuellem Verhalten in Planungsprozessen verbindet. Als Grundlage arbeitet der Beitrag Erfahrungen aus einem Rollenspiel in einem Pilotworkshop zur Transition zu einer Postwachstumsplanung auf. Er umreißt, wie Rollenspiele die eigenen Rollen von Akteuren über die individuelle Planung in unbekannten Gewässern: Räumliche Transformationen, Planungswandel und rollenreflexive Planung

In the fields of planning theory and human geography, there is a growing discussion of the just city. The impression is that in order to continue the discussion of the crucial issue of the just city, certain methodological considerations and precautions are necessary. The article is focused on three in particular: (a) (urban) institutions as the first subject of justice, (b) the incomplete overlap between social justice and distributive justice, (c) the distinction between the concept and the conceptions of social justice. The impression is that these three issues are not always recognised, or at least not always to the fullest extent, in the current debate in planning theory.

El sector financiero de la economía tiene una alta influencia en la vida pública contemporánea. Sus planes y los planes públicos no son siempre compatibles. Se pretende describir en este escrito el mecanismo a través del cual esta incompatibilidad termina resuelta a favor de los planes financieros privados. Para lograrlo, se hará uso de la teoría jurídica de planes de Scott J. Shapiro, poniéndola en discusión y releyéndola a la luz de los problemas que se originan por el constante encuentro, no siempre pacífico, entre planes públicos y privados. En clave interpretativa y a través del análisis documental, se muestra que el poder judicial tiene un crucial papel por jugar en la construcción del equilibrio necesario entre los planes financieros privados y los públicos. El reto al poder judicial se concreta en la necesidad de ejercer control jurídico sobre los planes privados en general y sobre los planes financieros privados en particular.

The financial sector has a high influence in contemporary public policy. The financial and public plans are not always compatible. This paper aims to describe how the financial plans prevails over public plans most of the time. I will use Scott J. Shapiro's planning theory, discussing and rereading it under the light of conflict between public and private plans. This will show that judiciary has a crucial role to play in building necessary balance between private-financial and public plans. The challenge to the judiciary is reflected in the need to exercise legal control over private-financial plans.

This essay uses a planning-historical perspective to reflect on the intersection of space, time and value struggles through the concept of 'fallowness,' suggested by the editors of ‘New Geographies’ as an overarching topic for this issue of the journal. The article traces diverse configurations of fallowing and speculation as they articulate heterogeneous geographical and temporal formations at particular historical conjunctures since the rise of capitalism. The piece closes with a brief exploration of the potentialities of fallowness for radical design, as a project that connects particular sociomaterial orders to concepts of production and social reproduction.