Neolithic Europe

Pequeño trabajo que detalla los útiles líticos, técnicas de caza y fauna en el Neolítico, generando conclusiones sobre el estado de la investigación de las actividades cinegéticas en este periodo. Todo ello asociado a yacimientos de distintas etapas y periodos.

Two multilayer settlements - Novoselivka-VI and Novoselivka-VII were discovered as a result of the planned area survey on the right bank of the River Aidar, not far from village Novoselivka (or Besedivka) in Starobilsk district of Luhansk region. The materials found in these settlements allow us to make assumptions about several stages of settling in this area, starting with the Neolithic and completing the Late Bronze Age. Late Neolithic artifacts are represented massively and are accompanied by so-called køkkenmødding or spots with accumulated shells remains of the river shellfish.

This part of our work has been released copyright free, provided that original credit is given. The second part of the ebook after the Tocharian section was written by Michael Schmidt and taken from his original writings. Since winter 2017 he has returned to Albania from Utrecht to retire. He has kindly let me re publish his work here to publish as a free e book. It's not possible to date a language using genetics or historical models. These historic models were sometimes biased towards written history, which isn't always accurate. We have searched maps to find consistency between certain types of archaeological sites and the words used to name them. We have found some consistency between Afro Asiatic words and different archaeological site types in Britain. There are other associations between different types of Celtic word and other archaeological sites, but we can't tell if the language used was actually Celtic, or a predecessor to Celtic which was predecessor to Celtic. The first Neolithic culture in England was the Windmill Hill culture, which wasn't connected to the earlier spread of Neolithic technology from Dingle in South West Ireland. The province of Munster provides an important key to understanding the spread of Celtic identity. There was Mesolithic settlement in Munster, and then early Neolithic finds were discovered on the Dingle Peninsula. It is believed that from here, the Neolithic technology went to Connaught, then to the Irish Sea and to Wales and the Isle of Man. This is consistent with the spread of Gaelic, the most archaic Gaelic dialects are spoken in Munster, alongside the most Ogham stones. The Isle of Man also has a lot of Ogham stones, so we can assume an early Irish influence. There are also Ogham stones in Wales, and evidence that West Wales and Anglesey were historically Irish, implying that the Goidelic languages had a lot to do with the founding of Celtic elements in West Britain. The spread of Bronze Age technology also went from the copper mines in Munster, to the gold mines elsewhere in Ireland, and to the copper and gold mines in Wales and parts of England. There is a very clear west to east movement of trade and technology, which is not the same cultural matrix as the east to west spread of the Neolithic via England. The Windmill Hill culture was concentrated in Essex and Norfolk, but this also spread to South West England, an example is Wor Barrow in Dorset. *Wor or *war is a root that can be connected to the Finnish word for mountain, vuori, and the Afro Asiatic word *war-which means to grow or increase. This word has symbolic connotations and seems connected to the Neolithic beliefs about the dead and the way that they nourished the land.

Studie byla publikována roku 1965 v knize Archeologické studijní materiály (2) vydané Archeologickým ústavem ČSAV v Praze / The study was published in 1965 in the book Archeological Study Materials (2) published by the Institute of Archeology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague.

This contribution has two main aims. First, it offers an interpretation for an artefact which is unique in the Epi-Rössen context of south-west Germany. This is achieved through an inter-regional comparison, which in the present case leads to Thrace and Anatolia. Second, it focuses attention on the special importance of pottery and stone vessels in general as spherical artefacts, as well as on their function as image-bearing objects in the process of cultural evolution. Artefacts of this kind appear from the global beginnings of sedentism in the Near East. Based on the results of evolutionary biology, pottery and stone vessels are here seen as representatives of an unusual category of artefact, as they combine two mental concepts — the circle and the container. Adding a horizontal image frieze creates an artificial horizontal orientation with an upper and lower demarcation. What is more, turning the object and passing it from hand to hand enables the illusion of movement, while repeated rotation creates an impression of “endlessness”. Such artefacts, used in stationary settings, make it possible to simulate the dynamic character of the environment and lifeworld in a domestic context.

The project would borrow lenses from multiple fields: Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology, Climatology, Ethnology, Genetics,  Geography,  History,  Linguistics, Psychology, Sociology; and take different perspectives from inter-disciplinary approaches: Biogeography, Cultural  Geography, Archaeolinguistics, Archaeomythology or Cognitive Archaeology. To address the broad timeframe, from the advent of agriculture in SEE up to now, and the large chunk of the European continent in focus, the concept of survival value could be used to sieve through the vast amount of data available. In this context, survival values refer to a subset of life strategies that are employed by a community to cope with crises, brought by natural disasters or by major threats from other human groups. For specific cultural elements to qualify as survival values, they require to be part of the answer to this question: how does a community prepare for future crises and how does it cope in times of crisis to successfully preserve its physical and cultural integrity? As components of the cultural adaptations to the environment, strong survival values allow for genetic continuity of a group in a particular area and period. In stable environments, these cultural elements are conserved while the majority of cultural aspects evolve. Based on this hypothesis, shared survival values could be used to link human groups living in the same area millennia apart or between contemporaneous groups living in similar nearby environments. An example of how orally transmitted survival values have made the difference between the survival rate of a variety of communities faced with the same threat is provided below in the 'Survival values at work' section.

David Anthony and I coined the concept and term “Leapfrog Migration” for a graduate seminar at the University of Pennsylvania in 1976. We called its first iteration the “Natty Bumppo model” after the frontier scout hero of Cooper’s “Leatherstocking Tales.” We used it to explain the rapid, directional, but punctuated expansion of the earliest pioneer Neolithic farmers in southeastern Europe. Since then, leapfrog models have also been applied to other evidently rapid migrations, such as those of Paleoindians, Saladoid farmers in the Caribbean, Ontario Iroquoians, and Austronesians. I will review the history of the leapfrog model and assess how well it is holding up in the light of the most recent archaeological and archaeogenomic data from Europe and Anatolia.

Paleogenomic and archaeological studies show that Neolithic lifeways spread from the Fertile Crescent into Europe around 9000 BCE, reaching northwestern Europe by 4000 BCE. Starting around 4500 BCE, a new phenomenon of constructing megalithic monuments, particularly for funerary practices, emerged along the Atlantic façade. While it has been suggested that the emergence of megaliths was associated with the territories of farming communities, the origin and social structure of the groups that erected them has remained largely unknown. We generated genome sequence data from human remains, corresponding to 24 individuals from five megalithic burial sites, encompassing the widespread tradition of megalithic construction in northern and western Europe, and analyzed our results in relation to the existing European paleogenomic data. The various individuals buried in megaliths show genetic affinities with local farming groups within their different chronological contexts. Individuals buried in megaliths display (past) admixture with local hunter-gatherers, similar to that seen in other Neolithic individuals in Europe. In relation to the tomb populations, we find significantly more males than females buried in the megaliths of the British Isles. The genetic data show close kin relationships among the individuals buried within the megaliths, and for the Irish megaliths, we found a kin relation between individuals buried in different megaliths. We also see paternal continuity through time, including the same Y-chromosome haplotypes reoccurring. These observations suggest that the investigated funerary monuments were associated with patrilineal kindred groups. Our genomic investigation provides insight into the people associated with this long-standing megalith funerary tradition , including their social dynamics. paleogenomics | population genomics | migration | megalithic tombs

The ‘Archaeology of Social Dynamics‘ unit, hosted in the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-IMF, Barcelona), in collaboration with the Maritime Museum of Barcelona, is organizing the 1st Conference on the EARLY NEOLITHIC of EUROPE (Barcelona, 6-8 November, 2019).
www.ene2019.org

Registration is open. Call for abstracts is also open until May 15, 2019. We positively welcome multidisciplinary approaches, regional syntheses and/or contextualized case studies.

This conference aims to be a meeting of researchers studying the Early Neolithic in Europe and surroundings areas, in relation with the Neolithisation process in the continent. This process followed different rhythms and presented singularities in each geographic area, and was therefore a very complex phenomenon. In order to address this scientific challenge, the conference is organised in nine thematic sessions:

- Neolithic spread and supraregional interactions,
  chaired by Catherine Perlès (Université Paris Nanterre);
- Chronology and modelling,
  chaired by Stephen Shennan (University College London);
- Human–environment interaction,
  chaired by Jean-François Berger (Université Lumière Lyon);
- Population characteristics and dynamics,
  chaired by Mattias Jakobsson (Uppsala Universitet);
- Territory and settlement,
  chaired by Daniela Hofmann (University of Hamburg);
- Subsistence,
  chaired by Amy Bogaard (University of Oxford);
- Technological processes,
  chaired by Annelou van Gijn (Universiteit Leiden);
- Funerary practices,
  chaired by Christian Jeunesse (Université de Strasbourg);
- Symbolism,
  chaired by Goce Naumov (University Goce Delcev).

Archeológii domácnosti sa v zahraničí už dlhšie venuje hlbšia pozornosť a boli vypracované aj jej metodické postupy. U nás ide o pomerne nový výskumný smer, zatiaľ málo aplikovaný nielen na existujúce pramene, ale aj na súčasné výskumy ako také. Obsah i rozsah publikácie je vypracovaný tak, aby postupne zodpovedal na otázky: Čo je archeológia domácnosti? Ako definujeme praveké domácnosti a ako ich skúmať archeologicky? Aké výskumné otázky, stratégie a metodológiu zahŕňa výskum neolitickej domácnosti? Ako sa štúdium neolitickej domácnosti podieľa na pochopení sociálnej organizácie? Prečo je to dôležité? Aký prínos má archeológia domácnosti? Zámerom práce je teda prehľadným spôsobom vysvetliť a predstaviť nový výskumný smer – archeológiu domácnosti. Cieľom je zároveň upriamiť pozornosť na prvé známe praveké domácnosti. Tie pri spätnom pohľade do minulosti môžeme identifikovať od mladšej doby kamennej, kedy boli budované prvé stále sídliská. Publikácia je preto hlbšie zameraná práve na neolitické domácnosti a prvé domy nielen na území Slovenska, ale aj v širšom prostredí strednej Európy.

The task of processing the multi-traditional ceramic material of the Late Neolithic settlement at Polgár-Csőszhalom-dűlő pre-necessitated the development of a comprehensive approach by which all kinds of available information that may be detected in a ceramic object or in its find context are utilized and integrated into a closed, unbroken logical system interlinking objects and culture. This paper surveys the main topics and aspects of this theoretical structure, summarizing the author’s current understanding on the possible roles and functions of Neolithic pottery.

(it's tricky: not only about Neolithic, not only about pottery).