Metallography Research Papers

Institut za arheologiju ima Vas čast pozvati na 7. međunarodni znanstveni skup srednjovjekovne arheologije Instituta za arheologiju koji će se održati 10 - 11 rujna 2020.godine u prostoru Galerije Arheološkog Muzeja u Zagrebu , Ulica... more

European Bronze Age swords are rare finds; they cannot normally be sampled in the destructive manner that would be necessary to assess their manufacturing technique, or to obtain evidence regarding their use primarily as ‘stabbing’ or... more

Introducción: La ciencia forense desarrolla diversas tecnologías para la identificación de cadáveres, pero en algunas ocasiones estos procedimientos pueden ser muy costosos y poco fiables en el caso de cuerpos incinerados. Esta... more

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Nous étudions dans cet ouvrage les archers dans l'armée romaine. Nous établissons leur visage de la fin de la République romaine jusqu'à Trajan à travers les sources littéraires, épigraphiques et archéologiques. Nous examinons par la... more

In this study, an experimental, metallographic method for determining strain distribution in a cold extruded aluminum gear-like element, based on the dependence of recrystallized grain size on prior deformation, was devised in order to... more

The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of low carbon steel was investigated. Hydrogen-rich acidic corrosive environments were used, and their effects analyzed. Hydrogen assisted cracking, blister, and grain boundary deterioration were... more

The article reports on the findings from the metallographic analysis of 13 th c. archaeological objects from Chełm (eastern Poland). The group submitted for analysis includes jeweller's dies used in the production of women's ceremonial... more

Archaeology can contribute greatly to our understanding of past metalworking. The main goal of this thesis is to provide new information on Estonian metalworking between the 7th–17th centuries, based on archaeological sources. During this... more

Archaeology can contribute greatly to our understanding of past metalworking. The main goal of this thesis is to provide new information on Estonian metalworking between the 7th–17th centuries, based on archaeological sources. During this period there were political changes and technological developments that impacted Estonian society. The most important event was the 13th century crusade, after which Estonia was brought into Christian Europe. Western craftsmen started to settle into Estonia with the founding of new towns, bringing new techniques and tools as they came. My main contribution is the study of metalworking sites and the analysis of their production waste. Smithies, forges, iron blooms and bars are all investigated to gain a better understanding of ferrous metalworking. Local iron production and the scattered locations of smithies retained the pre-crusade workshop layout up until the 14th century. The 14th–17th century smithy site of Käku was studied in detail and the excavations between 2007–2014 revealed the remains of four consecutive smithies and thousands of finds. The smithy of Käku more resembles the 14th century urban smithies at Haapsalu, than the 13th–14th century rural smithy of Paatsa, which indicates a convergence of rural and urban smithing traditions by the 14th–15th centuries. Metallographic analysis of iron blooms and bars from the smithy site of Käku provides insight into how the smiths processed bloomery iron and how steel tools were reused. The non-ferrous metalwork is studied via crucibles and casting moulds. The residue they contained was analysed with a portable spectrometer (pXRF) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The results show that in the 7th to early 13th centuries the casting of silver and tin took place at hill forts and strongholds. Silver residues were detected in 27% of the crucibles, which suggests that silver casting was common. After the crusade, the towns became the main centres for the casting and crafting that previously was undertaken in the fortified centres. Foreign craftsmen introduced imported crucibles that were more durable at high temperatures than crucibles made from local clay. A few of the studied crucibles had residues of pure gold, which indicates a higher level of specialist goldsmithing, compared to the work of pre-crusade craftsmen.

The study presents the results of a revisory study of nine early medieval swords and their parts from Pohansko near Břeclav. The find assemblage is composed of both old and new unpublished finds. The study contains a description of the... more

L’ épave Arles-Rhône 5 se trouve dans le Rhône, à Arles, en rive droite du fleuve, juste en face du Musée départemental Arles antique, entre les points kilométriques fluviaux 284,500 et 285,500. Disposée de façon approximativement... more

In recent years, two significant historical sites, Tepe Forodgah and Sangtarashan have been excavated in Khorramabad. Bronze objects explored from both sites exhibit an interesting feature of metal production in terms of shapes and... more

In the paper the possibilities of using double-pulse laser atomic-emission spectroscopy for layer-by-layer analysis of silver coins are considered. A new method to establish the authenticity of silver-copper antique coins using the... more

In the paper the possibilities of using double-pulse laser atomic-emission spectroscopy for layer-by-layer analysis of silver coins are considered. A new method to establish the authenticity of silver-copper antique coins using the in-depth concentration distribution is suggested. It is found that double laser pulses provide minimum destruction of the sample surface and high analytical sensitivity required for nondestructive investigation of virtu and artefacts. The subjects of inquiry were ancient coins from a treasure dated the second half of the XVII century. The treasure was found in 1978 in Grichino village (Dzerzhinski district, Minsk region) by a local woman. 207 coins from this treasure were handed over to the numismatic museum of the Historic Faculty of the Belarusian State University. It was revealed that in authentic coins the concentration of silver was constant at all points of the sample within the range 25÷45 %. In the fake coins a silver coating with a thickness of 30÷50 μm was deposited on the copper base.
Ключевые слова: лазерная атомно-эмиссионная спектроскопия, сдвоенные лазерные импульсы, элементный анализ, старинные серебряные монеты.
Элементный анализ - один из наиболее распространенных инструментов исследования монет из сплавов цветных металлов, золота и серебра. Концентрация компонентов в объектах позволяет сделать выводы не только о подлинности монеты, но и определить временные рамки и место ее изготовления. Поскольку в большинстве случаев речь идет об изделиях, имеющих историческую ценность, одним из основных требований к анализу является минимальная деструкция поверхности или ее полное отсутствие. По этой причине для количественного исследования монет чаще всего используется такой метод неразрушающего контроля, как рентгеновская флуоресценция. Однако у неразрушающего анализа есть и свои недостатки: рентгеновская флуоресценция не позволяет проводить послойное исследование образца и определять изменение концентрации элементов с глубиной. Особую актуальность послойный анализ приобретает при изучении и определении подлинности медно-серебряных монет с серебряным покрытием. Для решения этой проблемы часто используется целый комплекс методов либо проводится дополнительное очищение поверхности, что существенно увеличивает время и повышает сложность проведения анализа, при этом речь уже не идет о неразрушающем исследовании монет. Таким образом, для послойного анализа в этом случае необходимо использовать метод, обеспечивающий минимальную деструкцию.

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- by Wital Sidarowicz and +1
  Ксения Ермалицкая
- •
- 2
  Numismatics, Metallography

Abstract – Typological and Technological Investigations of Seaxes from Überackern, Upper Austria The Merovingian period cemetery of Überackern is assigned to the 7th and early 8th centuries AD based on documented archaeological... more

The metal vessel from Krivinka 1 site was detected by a metal detectorist and handed over to archaeologists from the Pavlodar State University. A sample of the vessel was taken for compositional analysis by OM and SEM-EDS and... more

The use of metallography allowed to reveal a great technological variability of iron and steel artifacts from the Old Russian rural settlements of Yakovlevskoe 3 and Nalutskoe 1 near Uglich. The new data differs from that obtained for the... more

Metallography

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