Italian (European History)

Το Σεμινάριο Ιταλικής Ιστορίας και Ιστοριογραφίας (Τμήμα Ιταλικής Γλώσσας και Φιλολογίας, ΕΚΠΑ) (https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/?course=ILL123) σας προσκαλεί στη σεμιναριακή διάλεξη του κ. Θεοδόση Νικολαΐδη, Αναπληρωτή Καθηγητή του Τμήματος Μετάφρασης-Διερμηνείας του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου, με θέμα:

Οι Φλωρεντινές Ιστορίες του Νικολό Μακιαβέλλι
Η διάλεξη θα πραγματοποιηθεί την Τρίτη 9 Μαρτίου 2021 (17:15) με τη χρήση της διαδικτυακής πλατφόρμας zoom: https://zoom.us/j/94295081707?pwd=bkdOZWkwS2RDM2RaSjMzbFpBMnlSUT09 / Meeting ID: 942 9508 1707 / Passcode: GwCD6a

Il Castello di Rocca Calascio

Il castello, che domina la valle del Tirino e l’altopiano di Navelli a poca distanza dalla piana di Campo Imperatore in Abruzzo, è situato su un crinale a 1.460 metri d’altezza, in una posizione molto favorevole dal punto di vista difensivo ed era utilizzato come punto d’osservazione militare in comunicazione con altre torri e castelli vicini, sino all’Adriatico.

La struttura, interamente in pietra bianca a conci squadrati, si compone di un maschio centrale, probabilmente preesistente, di una cerchia muraria merlata in ciottoli e quattro torri d’angolo a base circolare fortemente scarpate. L’accesso avviene attraverso un’apertura sul lato orientale posta a circa cinque metri da terra, cui si accede attraverso una rampa in legno, originariamente retrattile, poggiata di mensole in pietra.

Il castello, danneggiato dal terremoto del 1703, è stato soggetto a una serie di restauri conservativi tra il 1986 ed il 1989.

Val d’Orcia, in the Province of Sienna, Tuscany (central Italy), is a rural agricultural landscape that retains much of its Renaissance layout, character and aesthetic. The landscape of Val d’Orcia is layered with evidence of human occupation and settlement extending over thousands of years. The area was important during the Etruscan period and developed during the era of the Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages, agricultural and pastoral production declined and much of the area seems to have been abandoned. A period of economic revival and political stability in the 10th and 11th centuries led to the establishment of monasteries, increased use of the Roman-period Via Francigena (an important religious and trade route linking Rome and northern Italy) and the development of villages under a feudal system.

However, it was the dramatic expansion of the city-state of Sienna in the 13th and 14th centuries that led to the creation of Val d’Orcia’s distinctive rural landscape. The landscape became strongly associated with Renaissance (14th-15th centuries) utopian ideals and an ideology expressed, for example, in a circa 1339 painting by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Sienna Town Hall. Wealthy Siennese merchants invested in the development of agriculture, turned the Val d’Orcia landscape into productive farmland, and introduced an innovative land tenure framework (whereby small-landowners paid half of their agricultural produce to merchants as rent). Merchants supported the development of settlements, built fortifications, villas and churches and commissioned paintings by artists such as Giovanni di Paolo and Sano di Petri, artists who reinforced the Renaissance utopian ideals on which the landscape was created.

Following the weakening of Siennese power at the end of the 16th century, the Val d’Orcia gradually declined in economic importance. The comparative poverty and marginalization of the area over the following four centuries had the effect of sustaining traditional land-use patterns and structures and thus retaining the Renaissance layout, character and aesthetic of the landscape. In 1999, on the initiative of five municipalities, the area was declared a regional park whose purpose was to protect and manage the cultural and natural values of the area.

The Val d’Orcia distinctive landscape comprises a network of farms, villages and towns reflecting the Renaissance agricultural prosperity, the mercantile wealth of Sienna, the need for defence, and a utopian aesthetic. The working landscape of fields, farms, trees, and woodlands, is interspersed with low, conical hills on the summits of which are situated towns and villages. The major hill towns of the area include Pienza (a separate World Heritage property), Montalcino, San Quirico d’Orcia, Castiglione d’Orcia, Rocca d’Orcia, Monticchello and Radicofani. Distinctive groups and avenues of cypress pine trees mark out the settlements and define routes.

The area comprises small-scale, mixed-produce farms on which grain, vines, olives, fruit, and vegetables are cultivated. The landscape is interspersed with hay meadows and open pasture fields with livestock. The agricultural landscape, which was inspired by and influenced Siennese painters of the Renaissance, has continued to incite – for example, travellers of the European ‘Grand Tour’ and modern-day photographers. Their images and descriptions have come to exemplify an idealised aesthetic of a Renaissance agricultural landscape.

The boundary of the World Heritage property coincides with the boundaries of the modern-day Park of Val d’Orcia (Parco Artistico Naturale e Culturale della Val d’Orcia).

Criterion (iv): The Val d’Orcia is an exceptional reflection of the way the landscape was re-written in Renaissance times to reflect the ideals of good governance and to create an aesthetically pleasing picture.

Criterion (vi): The landscape of the Val d’Orcia was celebrated by painters from the Sienese School, which flourished during the Renaissance. Images of the Val d’Orcia, and particularly depictions of landscapes where people are depicted as living in harmony with nature, have come to be seen as icons of the Renaissance and have profoundly influenced the development of landscape thinking.

Integrity

The 61,188 hectare property, along with the 5,660 hectare buffer zone, encompasses all the elements necessary to understand the Renaissance cultural landscape that is the basis for Outstanding Universal Value. The intactness of the property is evidenced in the size, extent, layout, and character of the planned Renaissance agricultural landscape with its largely intact settlements (towns, villages, farm complexes) and evidence of the Roman Via Francigena (and associated abbeys, inns, shrines, and bridges). The property incorporates most of the five municipalities established when the landscape was created in the 14th-15th centuries. The wholeness of the Val d’Orcia is visible in the number of surviving and largely original Renaissance-period structures; in the well-preserved layout of the towns and farms; and in the continued agricultural usage of the landscape. The cypress pines that mark out settlements and routes make a distinctive contribution to the wholeness and integrity of the property.

A few areas of the original planned Val d’Orcia landscape have been incorporated into the buffer zone because they have been subject to intensive change related to modernisation of agriculture. However, the cultural landscape remains generally well-preserved and can be easily understood by visitors for its Renaissance aesthetic.

Following the death of Charles V, the Kingdom of Italy became a source of serious concern for the Emperors. While Spain dominated the Italian peninsula with its possessions of Naples, Sicily and Milan, and regions such as Genoa, Tuscany or Savoy continued to expand their spheres of interest, the Empire had little ability to influence Italian politics. Though there were between 250 and 300 minor liegemen loyal to the Emperor in Italy (most of in the Lunigiana, the Langhe and the Po Valley), they lived in constant fear of conquest by larger states. To counter this threat, Ferdinand II appointed Ferrante II Gonzaga as Commissario Generale in Italy in 1624. His duties included reinforcing imperial authority, collecting taxes from liegemen and reporting to Vienna. In reality, he could not fulfil all of these responsibilities as collecting taxes turned out to be impossible. Furthermore, the emperor’s authority in his domains increased only slightly. Reporting to Vienna, however, worked out rather well despite the fact that the auditor Octavio Villani, Ferrante’s subdelegate, carried out most of the investigations among the liegemen. Whilst well received by minor vassals, it remains unclear if Ferrante’s Commissariato Generale helped them in their fight against the larger Italian regions. In 1632, after the death of the second Commissario Generale Cesare II Guastalla, Ferrante’s son, the Aulic Council in Vienna advised the emperor against appointing another Commissario Generale. Nevertheless, Ferdinand II named Giovanni Andrea Doria Landi as Guastalla’s successor.

With this English edition of Surviving the Ghetto, Serena Di Nepi traces the troubled and compelling history of the birth of the ghetto in sixteenth-century Rome. From the arrival of the Sephardim to the Italian wars, and the incredible story of an accusation of ritual homicide that was never made, the research sketches a picture of Jewish society, its institutions and its ruling class during the first fifty years of segregation. How did Jews react to the ghetto? Did their institutional organization change, and how? What was the impact of the restrictive laws regarding their professions and their working environment? What was the role of the rabbis in such a problematic moment? What became of Rome’s Jewish bankers? This book addresses these questions.

In Europa c’è una zona in cui la memoria di un personaggio medievale ha modificato il repertorio di parole, il lessico. Per esempio, ecco spuntare la compagnia aerea Federico II Airways e la Banca Federiciana. Non solo: una grande centrale termoelettrica si chiama “Federico II”, una società privata di vigilanza ha il marchio SveviaPol, una tv privata è TeleSveva. Tutti nomi ispirati dal tedesco-normanno Federico II di Svevia (Jesi, 1194 – Fiorentino, 1250): re e imperatore, figlio di Enrico VI e nipote di Federico I Barbarossa (tutti ai vertici del Sacro Romano Impero); sua mamma era Costanza d’Altavilla, ultima sovrana normanna del Regno di Sicilia.
Dove si verifica questo eclettico entusiasmo? Si potrebbe rispondere: “Ovvio! In Svevia”. Gli indizi in apparenza portano in quella regione storica della Germania, che tra 1079 e 1268 è stata legata alla casata di Federico, gli Staufen (o Hohenstaufen). Invece, no. I super fan dell'imperatore sono in Puglia.

Il Resto del Carlino, ed. Rimini, 4 dicembre 2020 ISOLA DELLE ROSE TRA FASCINO E MISTERO L'Isola delle Rose affascina. Fin dalla sua prima installazione, nel 1964, questa strana isola di acciaio e calcestruzzo, al largo di Rimini, poco al di fuori delle acque territoriali dell'epoca (6 miglia nautiche), ha suscitato la curiosità e l'interesse della riviera. Non è facile riassumere in poche righe la sua storia: il suo ideatore, un ingegnere bolognese di nome Giorgio Rosa alla fine degli anni cinquanta aveva maturato l'idea di collaudare un nuovo tipo di piattaforma da lui ideata, di costo molto inferiore a quelle che abitualmente venivano posate in mare alla ricerca di idrocarburi. Una storia all'apparenza semplice ma" la semplicità non era sufficiente per le menti dei riminesi dell'epoca: ci doveva essere per forza "qualcos'altro sotto".

Questo saggio prende in esame 33 slogan gridati durante le manifestazioni di piazza da militanti della sinistra e della destra extraparlamentare negli anni di piombo e presenta un’analisi delle tematiche e del linguaggio adottato. Gli slogan censiti, con interviste e corrispondenze coi militanti dell’epoca, offrono un primo spaccato del linguaggio dell’odio politico nelle sue declinazioni dell’antifascismo militante e del golpismo. A questo centrale obiettivo dello studio se ne aggiungono altri come la storicizzazione del linguaggio degli anni di piombo all’interno dell’evoluzione del linguaggio politico italiano, l’influenza del linguaggio giovanile su quello politico e la conseguente declinazione dei canoni linguistici adottati in lingua della politica militante.

Between the two world wars, thousands of European antifascists were pushed to act by the political circumstances of the time. In that context, the Spanish Civil War and the armed resistances during the Second World War involved particularly large numbers of transnational fighters. The need to fight fascism wherever it presented itself was undoubtedly the main motivation behind these fighters’ decision to mobilise. Despite all this, however, not enough attention has been paid to the fact that some of these volunteers felt they were the last exponents of a tradition of armed volunteering which, in their case, originated in the nineteenth century. The capacity of war volunteering to endure and persist over time has rarely been investigated in historiography. The aim of this book is to reconstruct the radical and transnational tradition of war volunteering connected to Giuseppe Garibaldi’s legacy in Southern Europe between the unification of Italy (1861) and the end of the Second World War (1945). This book seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the long-term, interconnected, and radical dimensions of the so called Garibaldinism.

La massoneria è stata fondata nel 1717 a Londra: nel 2017 ha dunque festeggiato i suoi primi trecento anni di vita. Fin dalle origini questa singolare forma associativa di tipo iniziatico si è diffusa in tutto il mondo, dove i massoni attivi sono oggi stimati intorno ai sei milioni. Lungi dall’agire come una vera società segreta, la massoneria ha svolto un ruolo importante nella sfera pubblica. I “fratelli” si sono mescolati ai “profani” nelle contese politiche, nelle dispute religiose, in quasi ogni ambito della presenza umana nella società civile.
Questo libro getta luce su alcuni di questi aspetti, spaziando dal contesto italiano a quello europeo e internazionale. Ne esce un mosaico di conoscenze che offre sguardi inediti sul fenomeno massonico dal Settecento ai giorni nostri: nuove pagine di una storia suggestiva e ricca di implicazioni che resta in larga parte ancora da raccontare.

Sul finire degli anni Quaranta, Piero Calamandrei pubblica alcuni scritti dedicati alla ricostruzione dell'Europa. In questo volume ne abbiamo raccolti cinque: Il federalismo non è un'utopia (1945); Costituente italiana e federalismo europeo (1945); Stato federale e Confederazione di Stati (1947); La convocazione dell'Assemblea Costituente Europea (1948); Appello all'unità europea (1950).

Secondo il giurista fiorentino, l'idea federalista è una «grande idea umanitaria» strettamente connessa all'interesse nazionale. Non si tratta di un'utopia, quanto di una forza già da tempo «operante nella realtà»: quella forza che ha sempre spinto all'aggregazione, «dal comune alla regione, dalla regione alla nazione». La realizzazione di una Federazione europea - intesa quale federazione di popoli - non annullerebbe i singoli Stati nazionali, ma porterebbe invece beneficio a ciascuno di essi, assicurando libertà e democrazia.

https://www.peoplepub.it/pagina-prodotto/questa-nostra-europa

“Come studiare la medialità della Storia? Con quali metodi e da quali prospettive storiografiche? Queste e molte altre saranno le questioni alla base del seminario, che affronta il tema della medialità e della mediatizzazione della Storia con la partecipazione di storici esperti, interni ed esterni alle due Fondazioni. L’iniziativa vuole rappresentare un momento di scambio disciplinare incentrato sull’evoluzione storiografica e metodologica della disciplina”

Organizzazione: Fondazione Gramsci e Istituto Storico Italo-Germanico di FBK

The workshop represented a moment of disciplinary exchange focused on the historiographic and methodological evolution of History of media.

Organisation: Gramsci Foundation in Rome/Italian-German Historical Institute-FBK in Trento

Streaming 1: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=409131020220264
Streaming 2: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2803524076561662