Interpreters and Translators

The tsunami of information on COVID-19 has overwhelmed us all. The advisories, guidelines, and directives have, for the most part, been addressing the population as a whole, as well they should be. Those with disabilities have slid to the sidelines with few attending to what issues they face in this pandemic. In this article we look at a population core to the mission of APA, people with serious mental illness (SMI). We examine COVID-19 issues as they impact both inpatients and outpatients, looking at symptoms, service locations, comorbidities, and medications. In addition, we examine how prejudice against those with SMI is impacted by COVID-19 and how some patients are actually showing clinical improvement as a result of the pandemic. Our aim is to heighten awareness of the interfaces between COVID-19 and SMI to facilitate informed treatment of people with SMI during this pandemic, with each hospital and outpatient setting knowingly modifying what it does to meet local needs.

In the heat of an Amman summer with the smell of jasmine thick in the air, I sat back and surveyed the porch cluttered with hookah pipes and the branches of ripe figs overhead, while my stepmother, Om-Yasameen, 1 argued in Arabic with the fortune-teller. We were in the midst of an interview, when the participant, the fortune-teller, abruptly turned to me and, with my coffee cup in hand, began to tell me my fortune. As she delivered promises of future wealth and happiness , she also carefully, even cunningly, wove into the "reading" threads of her personal experiences and memories of Iraq, uncovering a very painful past. Her revelations about the persecution of the Armenian minority in Iraq became a narrative in defense of her people's suffering and a testament to her own experiences of displacement, loss, and trauma. My stepmother, a Sunni Muslim of elite background, did not agree with her, prompting a heated exchange. I listened carefully as the two women went back and forth, fighting over competing versions of Iraq's national history and making their respective claims to indigeneity, an old debate that has acquired new meaning in the aftermath of the Saddam Ba'th regime. 2 As with many of the oral histories conducted for my research, these negotiations between Arabic and English, past and present, and collective and 9781137339645_14_cha09.indd 169 9781137339645_14_cha09.indd 169 7/12/2013 4:15:15 PM 7/12/2013 4:15:15 PM

Looking at nonsense alphabets from the nineteenth century onwards and their translation into French, this study will offer an extreme example of what happens in all translation and discuss the tools available to translators, and how ambivalent and creative translation can be.  The first part of this paper will focus on one of Edward Lear’s nonsense alphabets to introduce the translation problem of this genre: finding equivalencies for the words illustrating each letter. Then, the case of Neil Gaiman’s The Dangerous Alphabet (2008) will show how pictures can help further the translation instead of limiting it. Finally, the example of two published translations of works by Edward Gorey will illustrate the impact of the translator’s subjectivity and the potential it holds for the translated text.
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Coussy, Audrey, ‘T is for Translation(s) — Translating Nonsense Alphabets into French’, in Prismatic Translation, ed. by Matthew Reynolds, Transcript, 10 (Cambridge: Legenda, 2020)

Chinese and English are the world's largest languages, and the number of interpreter-mediated interactions involving Chinese and English speakers has increased exponentially over the last 30 years. This book presents and describes examples of Chinese-English interpreting across a large number of settings: conference interpreting; diplomatic interpreting; media interpreting; business interpreting; police, legal and court interpreting; and healthcare interpreting. Interpreters working in these fields face not only the challenge of providing optimal inter-lingual transfer, but also need to fully understand the discourse-pragmatic conventions of both Chinese and English speakers. This innovative book provides an overview of established and contemporary frameworks of intercultural communication and applies these to a large sample of Chinese-English interpreted interactions. The authors introduce the Inter-Culturality Framework as a descriptive tool to identify and describe the strategies and footings that interpreters adopt. This book contains findings from detailed data with Chinese-English interpreters as experts not only in inter-lingual exchange, but cross-linguistic and intercultural communication. As such, it is a detailed and authoritative guide for trainees as well as practising Chinese-English interpreters. Jim Hlavac is a senior lecturer in Translation and Interpreting Studies, Monash University, and a certified and practising interpreter and translator. He has authored or edited four books and has published widely in the fields of translation and interpreting studies, multilingualism, contact linguistics, intercultural communication, pragmatics and language maintenance/shift. Zhichang Xu is a senior lecturer in the Linguistics and English Language programme of the School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics at Monash University and an associate editor for English Today. His research areas include world Englishes, applied linguistics, cultural linguistics, intercultural communication, language education, and self-translation studies.

Bu çalışmada kamu çevirmenlerinin mesleki tatmin ve ruh sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen faktörler Avrupa ve Türkiye’de yapılan bir takım çalışmalar ışığında değerlendirilecektir. Araştırma bulgularının kamu çevirmenleri üzerinde ortaya çıkardığı psikolojik sorunlar hakkında bir derleme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece ülkemizde kamu çevirmenlerinin çalışma hayatında karşılaştığı temel sorunlar ve bu sorunların nedenleri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır. Çalışma hayatında stres, kaygı, motivasyon eksiliği, ücretlendirme, tükenmişlik sendromu gibi sorunlar yaşayan kamu çevirmenlerinin yaşadığı psikolojik sorunların mesleki nedenleri hakkında bir değerlendirme yapılarak bu grupta çalışanların mesleki tatminini geliştirmek ve çalışma hayatında karşılaştıkları baskıdan kaynaklı yaşadıkları psikolojik sorunların üstesinden gelmek için çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.

This book employs actor-network theory (ANT) to explore the making of the English translation of a work of Chinese canonical fiction, Journey to the West, demonstrating how ANT, as applied to Translation Studies, can contribute to a richer understanding of the translation process.

The volume builds on previous research to apply ANT theory to translation studies by looking in-depth at a single work, highlighting the unique factors underpinning the making of Monkey, Arthur Waley’s English translation of the Chinese classic Journey to the West, which make the work an ideal candidate for showing ANT theory in practice in translation. Luo uses an in-depth exploration of the work to examine the ways in which both human and nonhuman translation actors and agents interact in different ways in the publication of this translation, showcasing them as dynamic, changing, and active participants whose roles shifted over the course of the translation process, rather than as fixed entities as traditionally categorized in existing research. The book moves beyond a descriptive account of an ANT-based case study toward offering a systematic theoretical and methodological framework of ANT-based translation studies, using the conclusions drawn from its application to a single work to suggest a way forward for applying ANT in translation production on a wider scale.

This book will be of interest to scholars in translation studies, sociology, and comparative literature, particularly those interested in actor-network theory or network studies and their application to related disciplinary fields.

Whenever I look at my body of work of ten books, the underlying human possibility intrigues me no end, and why not. I was born into a land-owning family in a remote village of Andhra Pradesh in India that is after the British had folded their colonial tents from there, but much before the rural education mechanism was geared up. It was thus the circumstances of my birth enabled me to escape from the tiresome chores of the primary schooling till I had a nine-year fill of an unbridled childhood, embellished by village plays and grandma’s tales, made all the more interesting by her uncanny ability for storytelling. As my maternal grandfather’s grandfather happened to be a poet laureate at the court of a princeling of yore, maybe their genes together strived to infuse the muses in me their progeny............................................................................
The possibilities of life are indeed novel, and seemingly my life has crystallized itself in my body of work before death could dissipate it.

Шлепнев Д.Н. Теория перевода: введение в ремесло. Учебник. — М.: «Р.Валент», 2020. 528 с. ISBN 978-5-93439-579-8

Настоящее издание призвано ввести начинающего переводчика в профессию. В пособии отражены базовые представления о профессиональном переводе как специфической деятельности, осознание которых необходимо прежде всего для качественной работы, но также (если возникнет желание) и для последующих научных изысканий.
Пособие в первую очередь адресовано переводчикам-дебютантам – тем, кто начинает свой путь в мир перевода.
Пособие может использоваться на занятиях по теории перевода, а также для самостоятельного изучения.
Направления подготовки: 45.03.02 - Лингвистика, 45.04.02 - Лингвистика 45.05.01 - Перевод и переводоведение.

Настоящее издание призвано ввести начинающего переводчика в профессию. В пособии отражены базовые представления о профессиональном переводе как специфической деятельности, осознание которых необходимо прежде всего для качественной работы, но также (если возникнет желание) и для последующих научных изысканий.
Пособие в первую очередь адресовано переводчикам-дебютантам – тем, кто начинает свой путь в мир перевода.
Пособие может использоваться на занятиях по теории перевода, а также для самостоятельного изучения.
Направления подготовки: 45.03.02 - Лингвистика, 45.04.02 - Лингвистика 45.05.01 - Перевод и переводоведение.

After WWII, Taiwan, a former colony of Japan for half a century, became part of the Republic of China. Taiwanese people, who had been educated in Japanese for decades by then, lacked familiarity with modern Chinese, the new official language of Taiwan. As a result, almost all books written/translated in modern Chinese were imported from China, mainly from Shanghai. However, Taiwan declared Martial Law in 1949, and all publications from China were banned. Hong Kong then became an intermediary between China and Taiwan. In the early 1950s, up to 90 percent of books in Chinese circulated in Taiwan were imported from Hong Kong, including translated works. Many of these books from Hong Kong were either first published in Shanghai, China, or translated by exiled Chinese literati. This paper aims to describe the China- Hong Kong-Taiwan migration of translators and translations during the Cold War era. Three kinds of translations were imported from Hong Kong to Taiwan: pre-1949 translations from China; translations produced in Hong Kong, and post-1949 translations from China. Translated works traveled primarily from Shanghai to Hong Kong before entering Taiwan, or were brought into Taiwan directly by exiled intellectuals. There were few exceptions to the norm. Translators also took the same migration route of China—Hong Kong—Taiwan. In the 1950s, almost all translations in Taiwan were translated by exiled Chinese; likewise in Hong Kong. Moreover, during the Cold War, Hong Kong and Taiwan were both under the power of the U.S., and the so-called “southbound writers” in Hong Kong and exiled intellectuals in Taiwan communicated closely. Regardless whether they stayed in Hong Kong or Taiwan, most of them traveled southwards from China, before some of these intellectuals went to migrate to other countries like the United States or Canada. After the US and China reestablished their diplomatic ties in 1979, World Today Press closed down, and many exiled translators retired and moved to the United States and Canada. Hong Kong ceased to be the center of Chinese translations of American literature. On the other hand, thanks to the success of Mandarin education, Taiwan saw a steady increase of local translators and relied less and less on translations from China and Hong Kong.

This handbook is a practical resource for both translators and those entering the language services industry. Eleven Croatian source texts are presented from a wide variety of fields with a brief for their translation into English. These texts include media, educational, legal, economics, medical, cultural, historical, literary, tourism and culinary texts. A Skopos approach is followed in their translation so that the English target texts fulfil a functional purpose that is similar to the functional purpose achieved by the source texts in Croatian. Theoretical principles of text analysis are represented in a clear and direct way and show how the translator was guided by these to achieve a functionally appropriate English translation. Annotations in this handbook guide the reader to identify the inter-cultural and inter-lingual differences between Croatian and English and how these can be addressed and resolved. Particular attention is paid to the challenges faced by translators from Croatian as their A- or dominant language into English as their B- or non-dominant language. This handbook is a step-by-step guide for those wishing to acquire practical skills to translate texts across a wide variety of fields.

Bir öğretim süreci belirli bir programda öngörülen hedeflerin tanımlanmasıyla başlar. Bu çalışmada irdelenen konular tam da bu noktada anlam kazanmaktadır. Çeviri öğretiminin sağlıklı temellerde icra edilebilmesi için bu çalışmada çeviri edimine yönelik kazandırılmak istenen davranışların saptanması ve çeviri öğretiminin edim odaklı boyutu için hedeflerin somutlaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır.
Anabilim dalı, bölüm, program ya da ülke çapında tek tek öğretim elemanlarının belirlemiş oldukları değerlendirme ölçütleri birbiriyle ne kadar uyumludur? Ortak ve farklı noktalar nasıl şekillenmektedir? Tekil düzlemde kurgulanan nesnellik çoğul düzlemde de bir nesnelliğin oluşmasını sağlar mı? Yoksa öğretimde ortak kabul görmüş bir nesnellik anlayışı mı gerekmektedir?
Çeviri araştırmalarının bir başka sorumluluk alanı da, sağlam bilimsel temellere dayanan öğretim ilkeleri geliştirmektir. Nitekim çeviri öğretiminde ölçme ve değerlendirme konulu araştırmalar, çeviri öğretiminde belirli ölçülerde standartlaşmanın da gelişmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
Bu çalışma, çeviri öğretiminde edim odaklı yazılı ve sözlü çeviri derslerinde ölçmenin ve buna bağlı olarak değerlendirmenin bilimsel temellere dayandırılmasına olanak tanımayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, öncelikle çeviri öğretimi alanında görev ve araştırma yapan öğretim elemanları, ayrıca konuyla ilgilenen öğrenciler için faydalı bir başvuru kaynağı niteliğindedir.
                                                              Emra Durukan

This article examines the work of news fixers based in Moscow, in hopes of better understanding the risks and challenges that they face as they “translate” Russia for foreign journalists. Drawing upon the theoretical concept of “cultural translation,” which understands interpretive work as vastly exceeding the merely linguistic register, this study will analyze the complex—and sometimes, risky—processes through which Moscow-based news fixers render Russia intelligible to their foreign clients. Using qualitative, in-depth interviews with 16 news fixers, the study explores news fixers’ perceptions of their clients’ representations of Russia, as well as investigating the fixers’ feelings about the risks they face in the field. The article finds that news fixers in Moscow sometimes find their clients’ representations of Russia to be reductive and, in some cases, biased. In order to combat this problem, fixers say that they try to “translate” Russia for their clients, filling in the gaps in foreign journalists’ knowledge about the culture. They ultimately say that while their work can subject them to political and financial risk, they do not believe themselves to be in the same level of physical danger as that faced by journalists working in conflict zones.