Human Values

Изучение ценностных установок российских IT-специалистов является актуальной исследовательской задачей в силу ряда обстоятельств:
1. Российские специалисты в области IT являются одними из наиболее конкурентоспособных специалистов на внешнем рынке, что указывает как на эффективность их методов подготовки, которые могут быть использованы для подготовки специалистов из других областей, а также специалистов из других государств, так и на наличие позитивных моделей поведения, которые потенциально могут быть транслированы в другие социальные группы и общество в целом.
2. Специалисты в области IT находятся в авангарде развития цифровой экономики, поэтому исследование моделей поведения членов этого сообщества позволит определить динамику социальных изменений, в том числе изменений в ценностных установках, а также сделать прогноз относительно ценностных аттракторов, в притяжении которых будут развиваться экономика и общество в будущем.
3. Доступ IT-специалистов к современным сетевым технологиям позволяет оценить потенциал их воздействия на других членов общества как довольно высокий. Это означает, что эффективность трансляции позитивных ценностных установок из этой социальной группы в другие может быть высокой.

... As postulated by theory, conformity and tradition—two conservation values—are adjacent; power and achievement—the self-enhancement values—are adjacent; and stimu-lation, hedonism, and self-direction—openness to change values—are adjacent. As in Italy ...

This paper describes the results of a value analysis of adopting a technology-supported attendance control service in a primary school. The results are based on a case study that explored a 14-week trial where two classes of elementary school children used an attendance control system that was implemented using networked technology components, including smart cards, NFC enabled mobile phones and

This is the Advance Preprints version of our study, which is corrected for the following typos:
1. “de Regt et al., 201” is changed into “de Regt et al., 2011”
2. “The scale consists of five positively and five negatively worded items, coded on a 4-point scale (1 = strongly disagree; 4 = strongly agree)” is changed into “The scale consists of five positively and five negatively worded items, coded on a 4-point scale (3 = strongly agree; 0 = strongly disagree).”
3. “statistically significant” is changed into “statistical significance” on page 41
4. “The positive correlation between narcissism and rightwing orientation did not disappear when the overlap with positive self-esteem was accounted for” is changed into “The positive direction of the relation between narcissism and rightwing orientation remained the same although statistical significance disappeared when the overlap with positive self-esteem was accounted for”

Abstract:
The study explores the relation of narcissism to political orientation and their association with basic human values, using an undergraduate sample from Turkey. Leftwing orientation is weakly and negatively correlated with narcissism, and specifically with its self-sufficiency dimension. Leftwing is correlated positively with universalism and negatively with tradition. Narcissism is positively correlated with the self-enhancement and openness to change dimensions and negatively correlated with the self-transcendence and conservatism dimensions of the basic values. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the value tradition is a stronger predictor of political orientation than narcissism. In multinomial logistic regression, for narcissism, statistical significance appears for only extreme right compared to moderate left political positions. We did not find power-hunger to be related to political orientation. We did not find pro-sociality to be related to familial-religious customs. We did not find any sex difference for mean narcissism scores. However, females are more leftwing oriented than males and they report more eagerness to strive for justice for others. Striving for justice for others is negatively correlated with the value power; positively correlated with leftwing orientation and striving for justice for self; and uncorrelated with narcissism. Males have higher mean scores for the value tradition and females have higher mean scores for the value security.

The 21st century, in which science and technology developed with great acceleration, made the physical and social distances between people more permeable with the effect of globalization inherited from the previous century. In such an age where everybody is aware of everything, not only positive developments but also all kinds of information, beliefs and actions that may be considered negative for humanity can instantly spread and become widespread all over the world. For example, the adoption of attitudes and behaviors that do not correspond to human values such as consumption, selfishness, narcissism, vanity, arrogance, humiliation, mockery, especially among young people, is worrisome. It is a fact that the generation Z, who was born in the lap of technology, is vulnerable to technology and more susceptible to its damages. In today's world, which is also defined as the age of technology and information, young people can be exposed to all kinds of written and visual information pollution via the internet. Moreover, this situation paves the way for negative attitudes and behaviors such as waste of time and energy, consumption habits, addiction, estrangement from values, alienation, problem of belonging, dissatisfaction among young people. For this reason, this age is polluting the young people not only mentally but also spiritually. Not only the individual themself but also societies have to pay the bill for the inability to satisfy the material and spiritual dimension of the human in a healthy and appropriate manner. For this reason, the education of the new generation is a duty on the family, educators, non-governmental organizations and society as a whole. One of the first and most important steps to be taken in order to protect young people from all these adverse developments and to ensure their participation in the society as a healthy individual is undoubtedly their upbringing with moral values. Because values are the preconditions for a young person to exist as an adult with personality, morality, responsibility, sensitivity to the other and their environment, and who has discovered their own meaning and importance in the world. Therefore, knowing the spiritual-humanistic values of young people, who are the guarantors of the future, will give adults an idea about predicting today and the future and taking necessary measures. The aim of this study is; to determine the spiritual-humanistic value tendencies of high school students. The research was conducted on a total of 450 students studying at different types of high schools in the province of Sinop in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research data was collected through questionnaires and scales from quantitative research methods were analyzed according to age, gender, class, economic status, perception of success, family structure, family attitude perception, duration of social media use and social media usage purpose variables. According to the results of the research, the students got the highest average score (4.28) from moral values and the lowest average score (3.19) from respect value. There is a positive correlation between all dimensions of the spiritual-humanistic values disposition scale. Mann Witney U-Test and Kruskal Wallis H-Test, which are non-parametric tests, were used in the analysis of the scale that did not show normal distribution. According to the test results, there was no relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale; moral values, love, respect and sensitivity mean scale score and gender, age, perception of success, family attitude perception, duration of social media use and social media use purpose variables, because p> 0.05. However, there was a significant correlation between the point average of moral tendency of the sample group and school type, mother education and father education; between the average score of love value and the school type variable; respect value average score and class, school type, perceived economic situation and mother education; between the mean score of sensitivity value and the variable of family structure (p <0.05).

The rise of populist actors is increasingly associated with economic issues such as welfare, redistribution and international trade. However, the link between populism and the economy remains unclear. This chapter argues the importance of a specific concept of economic populism whereby economic issues may be partially embedded into a populist frame. This frame may be expressed differently across contexts and it may also cross-cut traditional economic cleavages. Moreover, economic populism may be found among ordinary citizens in the form of a specific set of attitudes. Based on a recent comparative cross-sectional survey of citizens in France, Switzerland and the United States, we show that economic populism forms a common attitudinal dimension across these three countries, which is however differently distributed across the left-right axis and which manifests differently in relation to other important economic correlates of populism such as economic redistribution, welfare chauvinism and attitudes towards globalization, according to context.

Available at: https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1677

The purpose of this work was to approach and promote the concepts of responsibility and respect for children aged six years through the introduction, structure and implementation of a program that emphasized physical education. Specifically, the program included the creation of a positive learning environment with support, emotional security, and integration of non-exclusion activities, the establishment of behavioral rules, comparison to previous performance of the same ones, personalization of actions according to the children’s interests, behavior feedback, maintaining of positive expectations, collaboration with all, traditional games and dances from different countries, as well as teaching to resolve disputes. Additionally, the techniques of cause- result, moral dilemma, personal view, window perspective and Socrates' dialectic method were used. Twenty-four children (13 boys, 11 girls) from a public kindergarten in the city of Ioannina participated. Prior to the implementation of the program, the parents and primary education authorities were informed and their consent was given. The program was implemented for three months in the spring of 2016 and was done twice a week for about 30 minutes. The method of the semi-structured interview was used in the initial and final assessment to approximate the concepts of respect and responsibility by children. The evaluation of the program showed that the children were initially acquainted with a few things but then they got to know even more about the value of these concepts and actions for the well-being of the wider community. The children learned to be more observative because they participated in and attended carefully the discussions and activities. They also approached the concepts of translations interdisciplinarily (language, literature, history, folklore, geography). Generally, they developed their motor skills, and it seemed they liked the program a lot.

In the paper Islamism is described as a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional, changing and inconsistent phenomenon. Islamism possesses many levels and manifestations. It is impossible to comprehend modern Muslim (and all the more Arab) societies without an account of the impact of Islam as simultaneously an ideology, cultural environment, modus agenda and mode of life. It would be a mistake to present Islamism as a node on the body of Muslim societies. In fact, Islamism in many respects reflects the essence of modern Muslim societies, of their mode of thought and life. It in many ways helps to maintain social, economic, political and various other spheres of life at different societal levels as well as create a peculiar Islamic pattern of modernization. In this paper we present our own vision of the reasons and grounds for the extensive and deep integration of Islamism into Muslim societies. We will present our views on its broad functions and aspects.

Economics has guided humanity for thousands of years, from capitalism to communism. Humanity
seems to have given up on new economic theory, or ideas of thought; they instead stay comfortable
with mainstream ideas. With the rise of “Modern Monetary Theory,” the questioning of fiat currency
is at a peak. What gives anything value? Why does a dollar bill value differently to a hundred dollar
bill? These questions have been solved for hundreds of years, but it is not until recently that they have
been challenged. The theory of valueless economics is incredibly complicated, and with certainty, this
paper may leave the reader with more questions than answers, however, the purpose is to understand
the value, why we value certain things, and how a society would function in the modern day with no
value. A society with no value may be able to function efficiently if humanity within that society acts
morally. Economics is complicated. This paper is not complicated. Economics includes complex
formulas that explain every action a human does within an economy. This paper has no new formulas
that break economic theory. This paper is essentially a prediction of how humanity would act under
certain conditions, (an economy with no value). To do that; terms of interest must be explained.

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming increasingly autonomous and will soon be able to make decisions on their own about what to do, AI researchers have started to talk about the need to align AI with human values. The AI 'value alignment problem' faces two kinds of challenges-a technical and a normative one-which are interrelated. The technical challenge deals with the question of how to encode human values in artificial intelligence. The normative challenge is associated with two questions: "Which values or whose values should artificial intelligence align with?" My concern is that AI developers underestimate the difficulty of answering the normative question. They hope that we can easily identify the purposes we really desire and that they can focus on the design of those objectives. But how are we to decide which objectives or values to induce in AI, given that there is a plurality of values and moral principles and that our everyday life is full of moral disagreements? In my paper I will show that although it is not realistic to reach an agreement on what we, humans, really want as people value different things and seek different ends, it may be possible to agree on what we do not want to happen, considering the possibility that intelligence, equal to our own, or even exceeding it, can be created. I will argue for pluralism (and not for relativism!) which is compatible with objectivism. In spite of the fact that there is no uniquely best solution to every moral problem, it is still possible to identify which answers are wrong. And this is where we should begin the value alignment of AI.

Authors

Íngrid Vendrell-Ferran
Goethe Universität Frankfurt
Abstract
This paper examines the notion of aesthetic pleasure within the framework of an aesthetics of value. The topic is introduced in sect. 1, while sect. 2 presents Moritz Geiger’s distinction between two kinds of aesthetic pleasure: liking, which enables us to grasp the aesthetic values of the artwork; and enjoyment, which is understood to be an emotional response. Sect. 3 reassesses the main tenets of Geiger’s account in the light of current research. In particular, I provide arguments in favor of Geiger’s distinction between liking and enjoyment, but I call into question the claim that liking reveals aesthetic values. In sect. 4, I suggest that liking is a form of feeling motivated by the cognition of aesthetic value and I distinguish it from both the grasping of values and emotional responses. I conclude in sect. 5 by briefly summarizing my main claims.

This article is an output of the project: Development of students' moral and critical thinking in teacher training programmes. Abstract: Moral value orientations are of a general nature, which means that they also influence other values. In the case of students preparing for the teaching profession, their moral value orientations are key because teachers should systematically help students to integrate them. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of moral value orientations in students of teaching and non-teaching programmes of study and to find out whether there are differences according to age, gender, university, teaching vs. non-teaching study programme, year of study and level of religious belief. The Ho Po Mo questionnaire was used for the study. The research sample consisted of 624 women and 447 men (n = 1.071) studying at eight public universities in all Slovak regions. The results showed a significantly higher level of moral orientation of students of teaching programmes in comparison with students of non-teaching programmes.

Автор осуществляет анализ диалога «Лисид» с целью выявления начал философского учения о ценном в античной интеллектуальной традиции. В диалоге обсуждается сущность дружбы. Сократ приходит к выводу о том, что дружеские связи не имеют отношения ни к благому, ни к дурному; они возникают исключительно в сфере «третьего» – ни хорошего, ни плохого. Статичный характер «блага» самого по себе и динамичное состояние «ни блага, ни зла» являются основаниями практического вывода о коммуникативно-аксиологической природе «промежуточного». На этом выводе базируется понимание и дружбы, и философии. Кроме того, в диалоге произведена теоретическая операция различения ценностей по их статусу, а отношение индивида к ценности описано как «предпочтение». Диалог Платона «Лисид» представляет собой один из первых и существенных шагов на пути постепенного формирования европейской философской аксиологии.

The author analyzes the dialogue “Lysis” in order explore the origins of philosophical doctrine of valuable in ancient intellectual tradition. The essence of friendship is discussed in this dialogue. Socrates concludes that friendship is irrelevant to the good or to the bad. Friendship occurs only in the sphere of the “third” – neither good nor bad. Static nature of the “goodness” in itself and dynamic state of “neither goodness nor evil” are the bases of practical conclusion about the communicative axiological nature of “intermediate”. Understanding of the friendship is further based on this conclusion. Theoretical operation which allows distinguishing values according to their statuses is applied in the dialogue to individual “preferences”.  Plato’s “Lysis” therefore represents one of the first and most important steps towards the gradual formation of the European philosophical axiology.