History of History

The paper provides a detailed theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between contingency and necessity, and applies it to major schools of thought in the social sciences.

Key words: social theory; cultural theory; political theory; legal theory; political economy;  historiography; social sciences; historical institutionalism; epistemology; gender studies;

How to cite:
Simandan, D. (2010) Beware of contingency. Environment and planning D: Society and Space, 28(3), pp. 388 - 396.

was meant as "a 'rewrite' of the Book of Genesis for the 21st century." Little did I know how fast G/d would learn to use a PC rather than the main frame computer this poem was written on and to which it refers. But the history of the poem itself reflects the early history of the World Wide Web, including its young careless days when everything was cut and pasted without any sense of obligation or effect. This version of my poem (published in Postmodern Culture, from which it was cut and pasted without my name) is itself the result of a two-year search by Larry Belling to find the "true author" of the poem, which I wrote in the mid-eighties. I'll let Larry tell the story in his opening remarks here in what was supposed to be a book of Internet Humor at the Millennium.  But I will add that Larry's researchers sent me a "hit list" of all the websites this poem resided on between 1998-1999 (over 250, all over the world, and including several religious organizations, which rewrote offending parts; science fiction organizations and ezines as far away as Brazil and Singapore, Sweden and Hungary; top university websites and technical institutes, including my own although I did not know it; journal listservs, like the BURPEAN CORNER (Pre/Text), edited by my now colleague Victor Vitanza; and technological corporations, including Microsoft, and Apple, who used the poem, with endings changed, to snipe at each other. It took several years to track the emails and contact the owners, many of whom simply didn't believe me and/or immediately took the poem down. Only a few ethical sites abided my request and added the author tag line and story, including Larry Belling, as you will read here. Thank you, Larry, for still maintaining this site--with my name and story attached--at: file://localhost/Users/stevenkatz/Desktop/Writers%20Dreamtools%20-%20Humor%20-%20In%20the%20Beginning%E2%80%A6.html

En 1979, le physicien Ilya Prigogine et la philosophe Isabelle Stengers publient La Nouvelle Alliance. Métamorphose de la science, ouvrage atypique qui propose une histoire des sciences physiques et une réflexion philosophique au sujet de cette histoire, et appuie ses thèses sur des développements physico-mathématiques techniques. Nous analyserons d’abord les différentes facettes de la « nouvelle alliance » promue par les auteurs. Nous montrerons ensuite comment les auteurs restent finalement prisonniers des frontières disciplinaires qu’ils entendent déplacer, ou dépasser, et comment ils per- pétuent certaines hiérarchies entre disciplines établies, à savoir la physique et la philo- sophie. Enfin, nous nous demanderons si le récit ainsi proposé n’a pas tendance à sures- timer la puissance interprétative de la thermodynamique développée par Prigogine et ses collaborateurs.

In 1979, the physicist Ilya Prigogine and the philosopher Isabelle Stengers pub- lished in French a book entitled La Nouvelle Alliance. Métamorphose de la science. Later translated in English, in 1984, as Order out of chaos: Man’s new dialogue with nature, this is an atypical essay, not only combining both history of physics and philosophical reflexions about it, but also using technical mathematical physics developments to strengthen its theses. We will first analyse the nature of the “nouvelle alliance” which the authors are promoting. We shall then focus on the fact that, despite all their explicit efforts, the authors are still stuck within the disciplinary borders they intend to move, or even remove. In a sense, they perpetuate a hierarchical divide between the established disciplines that physics and philosophy represent. Finally, we will try to show how their narrative tends to overestimate the interpretative power of Prigogine’s thermodynamics.

This conference aims to foster a conversation between historians of early modern science and scholars working on post-1800 science (the humanities and social sciences included) on continuities and discontinuities in how scholars conceived of epistemic vices. Deadline for submissions: June 15, 2017.

The New Classical Scholarship: The New Forensic Study Of History (Roman Piso, 11-25-2016, edited & updated 03-22-2017) [Note: To fully understand this, it is recommended that other related papers be read as well, as this is a complex subject, and the study of this employs methodology not generally taught yet.] This paper is meant to introduce the subject of the forensic study of history. And therefore, a Summary. The reason for this new way of studying ancient history is the discovery of it in an entirely difference context; that of being written from within a closed or controlled environment, which consisted of royalty who comprised a sustained Oligarchy. That condition is now known as 'Royal Supremacy'. The New Classical Scholarship, or the NCS was developed and founded by Roman Piso. Some of the ideas for it originated from methodology by others who, through their work had managed to reach the conclusion of a Roman authorship for the New Testament texts. [a] However, the main procedures and methodology (as well as some terminology) was developed by the author of this paper. In the 1800's, Professor Bruno Bauer had reached the conclusion that the New Testament was authored by Romans. He was not able to go much further than was reflected within his papers and books, and so, he was not able to actually name just who those Romans were. But, he (Prof. Bruno Bauer) did identify "word usage" and phraseology, as well as conceptual and ideological comparisons between the gospels and the works of Seneca and Flavius Josephus. Thus, paving the way for further research into their probable association with the creation of Christianity. And our research, has now verified his suspicions. Particularly, that of Abelard Reuchlin, who was the very first to name the authors of the New Testament texts in his 'The True Authorship of the New Testament' (1st printing, 1979; 2nd printing, 1986). In the early part of the 20th century, several scholars of the time were making great strides in terms of word meanings and word usage in the New Testament; and in fact, the Bible as a whole. One of those scholars was James Ballantyne Hannay, a contributor to the 'Encyclopedia Biblica', which was produced by Oxford university and various scholars of the time. [b] There were several books written by scholars and researchers of the time, which shed light upon words and word usage in the Bible; many of which are very rare, out of print, and/or non existent today. [c] Much of that earlier work was destroyed by many people who did not like what it revealed or what it would do in terms of scholarship should it become more widely known. At the time, Christians destroyed copies of these books and many were destroyed due to two world wars. The Vatican hierarchy knew about various discoveries made by researchers both in and out of Academia, and likewise, did not want that material to get out to other scholars or the public in general. Hitler and his followers too, had destroyed many thousands of books which, of course, included anything that the Vatican did not like and/or which revealed Christianity in a bad light. Many rare and one-of-a-kind books and other materials were destroyed simply because some people did not like that material for whatever reason. One of the main things that has been wrong with academia for so long is that many of its members have always consisted of the religious and thus, it has been strongly "Christian" in nature. That has alarmed many of us who realize the problem that that has been to getting at the truth in history and religion.

Author attempts to classify the Polish scientific historical atlases and cartographic. Also, in the article traces the evolution of cartography thought and asserts that in the concept development of scientific historical atlases can pick out three stages: before 1880th, notably before the initiation of the Polish scientific historical cartography, the end of Second World War, the end of XX – early XXI.

Здійснено спробу класифікації польських наукових історичних атласів, а також простежується еволюція картографічної думки. Стверджується, що в розвитку концепції наукових історичних атласів можна виділити три етапи: до 1880 р., тобто до зародження польської наукової історичної картографії; завершення Другої світової війни; кінець XX – початок XXI ст.

Those of you who are familiar with my work know that I am the founder of the New Classical Scholarship (NCS). I inform & educate people to the true context of ancient history. Arrius Calpurnius Piso was the main creator of Christianity and he used many alias names for a number of reasons.

This is an article for the forthcoming Oxford Encyclopedia of Martin Luther (2017) and available online through the Oxford Research Encyclopedia in Religion (see link: http://religion.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-379).

What does Martin Luther mean for Germany? Formulated in such a way, this is an impossible question, due in no small measure to the existence of many “Luthers” and many “Germanys.” But it also invites historical investigation. Luther has long held a privileged position in the writing of German history, stretching back to his own lifetime, even if the exact nature of that position has hardly remained static or uncontested. Luther’s position in the annals of German historiography testifies to the influence of social and political upheavals on the way in which historians understand the past—and vice versa. Each era’s critical events have encouraged certain aspects of Luther’s person and work to be remembered and others to be forgotten.

Like swapping between telephoto and wide-angle lenses, historical perspectives have moved between a narrow concentration on the German reformer’s biography and theology and a broader focus on the Protestant movement he launched in Germany. Historians have regularly enlisted Luther in an expansive, sweeping vision of the German Reformation and the emergence of the modern German nation-state with Otto von Bismarck. Indeed, contemporary ideas of nation and nationalism have had a determining influence on interpretations of Luther. This is true as much for German historians like Leopold von Ranke, writing toward the beginning of history’s professionalization as a full-fledged, independent academic discipline in the first half of the 19th century, as it is for those surveying Luther in the midst of the First World War, in the aftermath of Hitler and the Nazi era, in the postwar German Democratic Republic in the East and Federal Republic of Germany in the West, on the cusp Germany’s “turning point” (die Wende) of 1989–1990—and even for historians now situated in the 21st century.