Greek amphorae stamps

TR- Bu raporda antik dönmde denizaşırı ticarette kullanılmış mühürlü amphoralar hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur. Mühürlü amphoraların arkeoloji bilimine bulunduğu katkılar ve arkeologların çalışmaları ile mühürler ve yazıtlardan yola çıkarak yaptıkları tarihlendirme, atölye yeri saptama, semboller, kap içindeki ürün ve amphora hakkında birçok çalışmaya yer verilmiştir.

EN- In this report, information about stamped amphoras which used in overseas trade in ancient times. The contributions of stamped amphorae to archeology and the work of archaeologists, and their studies based on stamps and inscriptions, have included many studies on determining workshop locations, symbols, products and goods in the terracotta pots.

Collana diretta da Helga Di Giuseppe Collana dedicata a saggi di archeologia della produzione artigianale (dalla preisto-ria al medioevo) di manufatti in ceramica, terracotta, vetro, metallo, osso, avorio, pietra, pelle, legno, vimini, tessuto, calce e altro. Per archeologia della produzione si intende un'archeologia che abbia come oggetto l'arte del fare nell'antichità con i suoi laboratori, le tecniche di produzione e le fogge degli oggetti realizzati (vd. linee teoriche in T. Mannoni, E. Giannichedda, Archeologia della produzione, Torino 1996). I saggi di ampio respiro, o inerenti casi specifici, potranno prevedere la di-scussione delle forze sociali in gioco nelle attività artigianali e la ricostruzione dell'intero ciclo produttivo, dal reperimento della materia prima alla realizzazione del manufatto finito, includendo la dislocazione delle officine, la loro architettura, l'organizzazione degli spazi produttivi, il contesto in cui si inseriscono (es. in una domus, presso un santuario, in una villa ecc.), gli strumenti della lavorazione, le tecniche di esecuzione e le tipologie dei manufatti prodotti, compresa la loro diffu-sione a livello locale, regionale e di più ampio raggio. Dal punto di vista metodolo-gico è auspicabile un approccio interdisciplinare che preveda anche la raccolta del-le fonti letterarie, epigrafiche, iconografiche, cartografiche, etnografiche ecc. Le opere possono essere inviate (a direzione@scienzeelettere.com) da studiosi ita-liani e stranieri provenienti da scuole ed esperienze diverse.

Brief history of Italian archaeological explorations on the island of Rhodes in Early XX century. The Italian Archaeological School of Athens and the G.G. Porro archaeological survey. Hellenistic amphora stamps from the territory of Kamiros, preserved in the Roman National Museum.

Le groupe de Myrsileia a été identifié d’abord par ses timbres. Il s’agit ici de mieux connaître à partir de l’étude de 13 anses timbrées et d’une amphore presque complète les caractéristiques des amphores de cette production d’un centre sud-pontique de la seconde moitié du IIIe s. av. J.-C.

Одной из самых информативных категорий археологического материала из поселения Чобручи на левобережье Нижнего Днестра являются амфорные клейма. Большинство из них прочитано и датировано. Среди публикуемых средиземноморских клейм особый интерес представляет новый штамп родосского фабриканта low, оттиснутый на ручке амфоры с плавным перегибом. Анализ клейм причерноморских и средиземноморских центров позволяет выделить пять этапов поступления продукции в клейменой керамической таре на поселение Чобручи: 1) 310-е гг. до н. э. - 270 г. до н. э.; 2) 269-240 гг. до н. э.; 3) 239-190 гг. до н. э.; 4) 189-160 гг. до н. э.; 5) 159-90 гг. до н. э. С учетом коэффициентов клеймения амфор рассчитаны показатели абсолютной плотности распределения продукции в керамической таре, поступавшей на поселение Чобручи с конца IVв. до н. э. до начала I в. до н. э.
This paper first publishes and analyses amphora handle stamps from Mediterranean manufacturing centres (50 items) found in the settlement-site of Chobruchi on the left bank of the Lower Dniester River. The first lots of Rhodian wine appeared at the site of Chobruchi apparently as early as the 230s BC. During the subsequent 40-50 years (until the late 190s BC), importation of Rhodian products had a sporadic character. The volumes of imported wine sharply increased in the next decade, i.e. in the 180s BC. In the 170s the importation decreased two times and in the 160s BC it was brought to nought. At the same time, isolated small lots of Rhodian drinks were brought to the settlement of Chobruchi throughout the second half of the 2nd century BC (Table 1; Fig. 1, 2, 2-46). Products of other Mediterranean centres (Knidos and Paros) came to the settlement of Chobruchi fairly infrequently (Fig. 2, 47-50). Of special interest among the Rhodian stamps is the newly discovered stamp of the Rhodian fabricant Ἴων impressed on an amphora handle with a smooth bend (Fig. 2, 34, 34a). Previously it was accepted that this fabricant belonged to magistrate’s chronological group I (294-235 BC), however the presence of the month name Θεσμοφόριος in the stamp indicates that he continued his activities also in the beginning of the magistrate’s chronological group II (234-199 BC). In addition, in the present study, the general picture of wine importation in stamped ceramic containers to the settlement of Chobruchi was reconstructed on the basis of the aggregate of Black Sea and Mediterranean stamps. Of 109 analysed and dated stamps, 81 imprints have been used for solution of this problem (Table 2). Remaining 28 fabricant’s stamps were not included into the analysis, since systematically on Rhodes and sporadically in Sinope and Chersonesos, the two amphora handles both were stamped. As a result, the authors succeeded in distinguishing five periods of importation of products in stamped ceramic containers to the settlement of Chobruchi: 1) 310s BC - 270 BC; 2) 269-240 BC; 3) 239-190 BC; 4) 189-160 BC; and 5) 159-90 BC.

The work is devoted to the new ceramic stamp unearthed on the Maslianaya gora fort in the vicinity of Chersonesos in 2018. Two fragments of the amphora with a stamp were found in the pits in the eastern part of the fortified complex. The filling of the pits should be dated to the middle of the 3rd century BC. The stamp contains the inscription Π[α]ρμε(---). Several versions for the restoration of a personal name are possible (Parmenides, Parmeniskos, Parmenion etc.). Analogies of the form allow to classify the vessel as the production of Erythrae in Ionia. Such stamps on the Erythrian amphorae were unknown before. If our attribution is correct, the find from Masljanaya gora fort complements the base of the Erythrian stamps and specifies the date of this centeramphorae production.