Geoparks

Kula Volcanic Geopark is the one of the areas that are rarely seen in Turkey’s young volcanics. Kula Volcanic Geopark is distinguished from other areas in the geopark nature in Turkey with its membership of the Global Geoparks Network. Although the geopark has a global visibility on the World, it isn’t well known in Turkey. The
lack of a legislation covering the entire area and a planning work to provide field management have prevented the sustainable use of Kula Volcanic Geopark. The geo-park, which is in a position to provide the conditions required for the network to become a member of the Global Geoparks Network, will be able to fulfill these requirements with this planned management. In this study, some proposals will be brought in order to ensure the planned management and sustainability of the Kula Volcanic Geopark’s in protection-use balance.

Contemporary tourism development shows a shift of tourism demand towards highly specialized and sustainable tourism forms. This arises from the expanding environmental awareness among tourists and providers of tourism services during the last decade. Tourism destinations become more and more oriented towards attracting tourists who pursuit services and products of higher quality. On the other hand, destinations tend to facilitate the protection of natural and cultural tourism resources from excessive exploitation and devastation that arises from the saturation during a concentrated and relatively short tourism season. That can only be achieved through diverting the strategic developmental directions of tourism from the traditional "mass-tourism" forms towards new and more sustainable types of tourism. Such an example is the region of the National Park "Galicica" in the Ohrid area in the Republic of Macedonia. This region represents the most developed tourism region in the country with numerous quality natural and cultural resources concentrated on a relatively small area as well as the highest number of registered tourists' visits. Therefore, a real threat exists from the tourists that visit the region themselves, as well as the actions from the tourism offer to satisfy their needs. One of these tourism types that are based on sustainable development and that show great potential for development in this region represents geo-tourism. This type of tourism can be a great opportunity for developing a quality tourism brand.

En el estado de Hidalgo se ubica la Comarca Minera, región geográfica de
gran importancia social y cultural, célebre por su riqueza geológica, minera y belleza natural que, desde por lo menos hace cuatro siglos, ha cautivado a sus visitantes e inspirado descripciones y representaciones en los ámbitos científico, literario, económico y artístico. Históricamente es una de las regiones más representativas de la cultura minera nacional que se ha mantenido activa desde hace 600 años, primero en la producción de la obsidiana y más tarde de metales, como el oro y la plata.

Ciletuh National Geopark region which administratively located in the District of Ciemas and Ciracap, Sukabumi, West Java province has a unique geodiversity and showed the oldest rocks in West Java. This area is the result of a collision of two different plates, namely: the Eurasian Plate (continental shelf) which is composed of granite (acidic), and the Indo-Australian Plate (oceanic plate) which is composed of basal (basaltic), which produces deep ocean sedimentary rocks (pelagic sediment), metamorphic rocks and alkaline igneous rocks up to ultramafic rocks. Because the geological characteristic that is not found in other places makes Ciletuh as National Geopark in Indonesia. In carrying out of the Geopark concept, supporting activities needed to operate sustainable economic activity in the form of Geotourism. Geotourism is a concept of special interest tours that focus on geological education.
The method used in this study were divided into three processes: starting with a literature study of research areas and conduct field research as a step inventory of geological sites (geosites), followed by data analysis to identify and classify the geological heritage sites by scoring techniques. The results of the analysis are used for making geotrek line in the Ciletuh region and Geotourism activities ratings that had implemented. A total of 29 geosites identified and classified with geoheritage value in low quality to outstanding. This assessment based on the aspect of scientific records and special geological phenomena or landform features for the purpose of education and research.
Furthermore, geosites are grouped in accordance with the meaning and morphology, namely: old rocks, geomorphology, fossils, sea caves, unique rock formations, waterfalls, and sedimentary structures as a basic substance in the manufacture of geotrek line. There are 3 Geotrek lines which has been adapted to the type of trip and geosites that have relevance, namely: The Magical of Ciletuh Amphitheater (The trip focuses on enjoying the morphology of Mega Amphitheatre Ciletuh), The Ciletuh Melange's Journey (The trip to learn about the oldest rocks in West Java) and the Spectacular of Ciletuh Bay (Sea lanes journey for enjoying a variety of different shapes of rocks in the Ciletuh Bay). In addition to the proposed geotrek activities, other activities supporting Geotourism has been run in this Geopark is: Geo sight-seeing activities on the geosites which focus on geomorphology activities (Panenjoan and Puncak Darma), Geosport activities such as parasailing and snorkeling, as well as Geofestival. Rate of Geotourism that has implemented in Ciletuh Geopark produce numbers 19-35 which showed moderate to good value for Geotourism activities and should be improved better for the future.


Keywords: Geoheritage, Geotourism, Geotrek, Ciletuh Geopark, West Java

El vulcanismo ha configurado los continentes del presente; asimismo, ha contribuido - durante las épocas geológicas - al cambio climático. El Parque Nacional Somma-Vesubio, al sur de Italia, integra la red de Reservas de Biosfera; es un laboratorio abierto donde se genera conocimiento y cuyos fines es lograr la conciliación entre el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales y la conservación de la biodiversidad. El Vesubio es un volcán en actividad permanente, su erupción más conocida es aquella que sepultó - debajo toneladas de ceniza y lodo - a las ciudades de Pompeya y Herculano en el año 79 de nuestra era. El siguiente artículo trata, en términos generales, de los procesos naturales y culturales que motivan la visita del cráter del Vesubio y su entorno.

From 2013 to 2015 Magma UGG lead the GEOfood project with partners: Reykjanes UGG on Iceland, Odsherred UGG in Denmark, Rokua UGG in Finland. The GEOfood concept is focusing on the connection between the geological characteristic and the development of raw material for local food, underlining the importance of the connection between geological heritage and quality food. Geoparks combined local GEOfood with geotourism possibilities: offering to tourist the possibility to experience real Geopark´s sustainable way of living. The main outcome of the project was the GEOfood brand following shared criteria for local food and restaurants. Criteria allows only Global UNESCO Geoparks members to use the logo, the products must on the label promote the products connection with the local geological heritage and that the raw materials come from the Geoapark area. We developed several branded products in the Geopark areas, one promotional video and an app for smartphones and tablets. During the project development and after the project conclusion the GEOfood project has been promoted and shared within the European Geoparks Network. The criteria have been shared and distribute to the Geoparks that want to use it, so far 10 Geoparks are using the criteria and developing products. During January-February Magma Geopark circulated a questionnaire asking the EGN members about GEOfood. The response was very positive: 50 Geoparks on 68 responded to the questionnaire and the majority was positive and would like to use the brand. Magma Geopark have created the homepage: www.geofood.no and protected the brand Geofood in Norway. The idea is to expand the page within professional commercial strategies that also includes tourist possibilities that combines food and geotourism, promotion and selling products online within the Geofood and Geoparks web pages, develop the app further and protect the brand within Europe. We hope to strength the brand and support local Geopark communities to promote and sell their products within their Geoparks! .

Global Geoparks Conference, Sept. 2016. GEOfood: local food for sustainable development Sara Gentilini, MAGMA UNESCO Global GEOPARK, Norway. Magma UNESCO Geopark is the leader of the GEOfood project, financed by Kreanor, started in 2014. The project involves: Odsherred, Rokua, Rejkyanes and Stonehammer UNESCO Geoparks. The consortium has been working on two different levels: local with producers and users and internationally within Geoparks. At local level every partner organized three meetings with local producers, users and tourist sme's with the aim of enhancing the awareness on food as resource for raising the local economy in a sustainable way. International partners agreed the criteria for developing the GEOfood brand for all the Geoparks in Europe. Only producers or enterprises within the territory of an approved UNESCO Global Geopark can use the GEOfood logo. The criteria adopted by the project consortium are focus on the geographical localization of the product (inside the Geopark), where the product has been processed (inside the Geopark) and the raw material area of origin. The link between the geological characteristic of the area where the raw material come from must be clearly described in the GEOfood label. Geoparks can detect a buffer zone if one product that want to be labelled is located nearby the Geopark border and/or due to geological-scientific reason. The extension of the GEOfood product within the buffer zone must be approved by Magma Geopark. Magma Geopark is in charge for authorize the use of the GEOfood criteria and logo. Soon Magma Geopark will establish the GEOfood webpage where GEOfood producers and userws will be promoted and the potential GEOfooders could apply directly for the membership.