Football Culture

FC St. Pauli is a football club unlike any other. Encompassing music, sport and politics, its fans welcome refugees, fight fascists and take a stand against all forms of discrimination. This book goes behind the skull and crossbones emblem to tell the story of a football club rewriting the rulebook.

Since the club's beginnings in Hamburg's red-light district, the chants, banners and atmosphere of the stadium have been dictated by the politics of the streets. Promotions are celebrated and relegations commiserated alongside social struggles, workers' protests and resistance to Nazism. In recent years, people have flocked from all over the world to join the Black Bloc in the stands of the Millerntor Stadium and while in the 1980s the club had a small DIY punk following, now there are almost 30,000 in attendance at games with supporters across the world.

In a sporting landscape governed by corporate capitalism, driven by revenue and divorced from community, FC St. Pauli demonstrate that another football is possible.

Este artigo analisa o Podcast das Marias — projeto liderado por torcedoras cruzeirenses desde 2018 — buscando compreender como essas mulheres torcedoras/produtoras de mídia dão a ver em suas narrativas um conjunto de opressões que atravessam as suas experiências com o esporte. Partimos aqui das matrizes de dominação propostas por Patricia Hill Collins em Black Feminist Thought (2000), para compreender como as dimensões estrutural, disciplinar, hegemônica e interpessoal atuam juntas e constituem de forma complexa as relações de poder permeando as questões de gênero no esporte. Este trabalho é um primeiro esforço analítico de um projeto que visa analisar de forma sistêmica a invisibilidade das mulheres na mídia esportiva.

Dieses Buch analysiert das gesellschaftlich weitverbreitete Ressentiment gegen RB Leipzig aus antisemitismuskritischer Perspektive. In einer empirisch fundierten theoretischen Auseinandersetzung stellt dieses Buch eine gleichermaßen innovative wie richtungsweisende Studie über die Fankultur der Ultras sowie die Artikulationsformen des Antisemitismus im 21. Jahrhundert vor. Brunssen legt eindrucksvoll dar, wie sich die Ablehnung RB Leipzigs aus einem jahrhundertealten Fundus antisemitischer Bilder speist.

Mit einem Vorwort von Andrei S. Markovits.

Fascism and other ultra-right viewpoints endanger the healthy existence of societies. Said ideologies get more or less traction depending on the specificities of a given situation. This article aims to provide a thorough account of how and why such ideas entered the football environment in Russia, infecting the minds of local fans.

In addition to their sporting content, the 1982 World championships had to become
the litmus test of the new democratic Spain. To achieve this goal, alongside
the sporting event, a series of cultural events (art exhibitions, concerts, folkloristic
initiatives, etc.) were organized throughout the country aimed at presenting
to the globe a model of transition to democracy perceived as exemplary and a
new idea of nation. In reality, starting from the inaugural ceremony of the World
championship, a certain continuity with the Francoist regime was traceable in the
representation of the Spanish “imagined community”. The 1982 championship was,
in fact, awarded to Spain in 1966 and, although the work on its organization had
begun in 1978, Raimundo Saporta, a personality close to the previous regime, was
placed at the helm of the organizing committee of the event. The present work
therefore proposes to reflect on what were continuities and discontinuities with
Francoism in the football presentation of the new and imagined democratic Spanish
community.

At the beginning of the 20 th century, Galatasaray High School and Istanbul Saint Joseph High School offered physical-fitness classes to their students. In this article, contributions of these classes to the intercultural communication skills of the students have been examined by applying intercultural education theories. With its multicultural structure, football had a great place in the physical-fitness class schedule of the term. Thus, the role of football in the intercultural education has also been questioned in line with approaches to gymnastics classes.

Od samog nastanka navijačkih grupa, svuda u svetu, muzika i navijačke prakse su nerazdvojno povezani. U ovom izlaganju biće osvetljen značaj pank muzike i ostalih sadržaja koji oličavaju ovu specifičnu urbanu subkulturu za određenu grupu Grobara, odnosno navijača JSD Partizan. Istraživanje je inspirisano pojavom pank rok benda Grupa JNA, čija je muzika isključivo posvećena Partizanu i Grobarima, ali i sada već razvijenom tradicijom pravljenja fanzina i crtanja grafita koje su poslednjih nekoliko godina doživele ponovni procvat, pre svega zahvaljujući multimedijalnoj gru-pi Grobarski trash romantizam. Pokušaćemo da dođemo do odgovora na koji način se pank kao ideja i praksa uklapa u apstraktnu ideju o Partizanu kao nečemu što tako čvrsto povezuje veliki broj pojedinaca i među njima iznova izaziva tu ne-navijačima nepoznatu "uzvišenu emociju".
Ključne reči: pank, muzika, navijači, fudbal, Grobari, Partizan

Suite aux envahissements des centres d'entrainement du FC Nantes, de l'Olympique de Marseille et de l'Association sportive de Saint-Étienne, ce papier pose une réflexion sur les mobilisations collectives des groupes organisés de supporters de football en France dans ce temps de crise sanitaire.

The aim of this study is to determine the motivation of female football players in the Lebanese clubs according to the variables of age, experience, educational qualification and place of residence.
The researcher used the descriptive method to suit the objectives of the study. A sample of 141 players from different Lebanese clubs were selected. The researcher used the questionnaire used by Najeh Thiabat in 1992.
After analyzing the results of the study, it was found that the ranks of the motivations of playing football among the female club players in Lebanon were as follows: technical motives, fitness motives, psychological motives, social motives, professional motives and economic motives. There were also no statistically significant differences in the motivations of playing football among female club players in Lebanon due to the variables of age, experience, educational qualification and place of residence.
As a result of the positive results shown by the study, the researcher recommended paying attention to the motivations of female players in the Lebanese clubs, working on the development of plans and programs and holding courses for all those concerned with the game including players, coaches, administrators and referees. She also recommended the development of marketing plans targeting sponsors and funders.

Despite the importance of football as an effective means of developing physical
activity and fitness, routine data of football-related injuries are either
inadequate or underreported, particularly in Nigeria. To develop an
understanding of the football-related injuries and determine the prospects for
prevention, logical and useful information specifying the occurrence of these
incidents is necessary. Using a content analysis of 94 football-related news
articles, this study identified the most commonly reported football-related
injuries in Nigerian newspapers and determined their extent of coverage from
agenda-setting perspectives. Altogether, five national newspapers with the
highest readership and online popularity were selected using purposive
sampling. Only football-related news articles were collected from the respective
websites of the newspapers using internet-based searches between January
2015 and September 2019.The findings showed thatknee, ankle, and hamstring
are the most commonly affected locations in football-related injuries according
to the news reports.This study shows that media-based analysis of footballrelated
injuries could supplement other methods, such as prospective and
retrospective analyses, particularly in the Nigerian context.

Football is one of the most important social phenomena of the 20th and 21 st centuries. It can be regarded as a kaleidoscope of human emotions, a stage from which to observe and study social reality. In the development of identity, sports are a means through which to create "Us" and "Them". Football goes beyond the mere sporting field and through identification with a team, people can express their own identification with something that goes beyond sports: city, region, specific subgroup, social class or ethnic group. In this paper I use qualitative research methods and audiovisual techniques to analyse the case of football fans of Naples Football team living in Barcelona. Within the migratory experience, many Neapolitans consider football as an additional component to maintain a close link with their own origins. Football allows them to feed the sense of belonging and (re)discover old and new identity elements. 1. Introduzione Il presente articolo nasce da un più ampio progetto di ricerca che ho svolto tra il 2010 e il 2015, presso l'Università di Barcellona all'interno del quale ho osservato e analizzato la vita di alcuni napoletani che vivono a Barcellona, nella prospettiva relativa alla circolazione di persone in Europa. Si tratta di un fenomeno in costante crescita, alimentato dallo sviluppo delle tecnologie comunicative e di trasporto che permettono di spostarsi in poco tempo, viaggiare a prezzi molto contenuti e di rimanere più rapidamente e quasi in modo immediato, e attivo, in contatto informativo e comunicativo con la propria famiglia con gli amici e con gli accadimenti del paese di origine. Nel lavoro di ricerca, partendo dalle storie di vita e dalla narrazione che queste persone fanno della propria esperienza, ho analizzato il rapporto che esse mantengono con la propria origine e con la riscoperta e la trasformazione dell'identità cui inevitabilmente si va incontro quando si decide di vivere in un altro paese. La nozione di identità è stata ampiamente trattata dalle scienze sociali, secondo diverse discipline e prospettive teoriche. Nella ricostruzione teorica del concetto di identità faccio riferimento a quei contributi che considerano l'identità come un fenomeno multidimensionale che si costruisce in un processo dinamico in costante trasformazione (Hobsbawn, 2000). Da un lato, l'identità si forma in una dimensione relazionale con l'altro in diverse situazioni intersoggettive. Dall'altro, il processo di configurazione identitaria si sviluppa in una dimensione associata alla narrazione (Pecchinenda, 2008) e alla rappresentazione di se stessi (Ricoeur, 1996). Un altro elemento che contribuisce alla formazione di questa identità è relativo alle esperienze previe rilevanti, individuali e sociali, che si basano sugli aspetti costruiti storicamente (Marcús, 2011) che formano parte del patrimonio culturale delle persone. Alla luce di queste premesse, ho ipotizzato che la distanza, non solo geografica, permetta di riscoprire il territorio di origine non solo come un elemento fisico, ma nella sua complessiva articolazione di segni e simboli, di miti e di riti, che rendono significativi momenti della

[artykuł opublikowany w: KONTEKSTY 2012, nr 3-4 (298-299), s.104-114] Jakie zbawienie daje Cracovia? Duchowo-transgresyjny wymiar piłki nożnej W całej postności swych sportowo-duchowych zasobów Cracovia jedną rzecz ma (miała?) bezsprzecznie wielką: sławną frazę: "Bóg wybacza-Cracovia nigdy". Jest to hasło potężne. Mistrzowskie stylistycznie, otchłanne metafizycznie; lakoniczne jak przystało boiskowemu zawołaniu i gęste jak przystało linijce wielkiej poezji. Ponieważ jest wielkie-jest też-ma się rozumieć-ryzykowne, a nawet niebezpieczne. Prawdziwe wzloty ducha nigdy nie są bezpieczne. Można je-jak wszystko-rozumieć i interpretować trywialnie. Można głęboko. Kto powie, że wypełnione szalikowcami trybuny to nie jest miejsce duchowej głębi-niefortunnie powie; anonimowy geniusz, co o wybaczającym Bogu i nie wybaczającej Cracovii nieubłaganą frazę ułożył-dał szalikowcom szansę głębi. Być może dał im bluźniercze zawołanie bojowe, ale dał też szansę głębi. Połączenie jednego z drugim jest zresztą, na najwyższy szacunek zasługującą, rzadkością samą w sobie 1. Jerzy Pilch Piłka nożna nie jest religią. Ale współcześnie piłka nożna może spełniać z powodzeniem rozliczne funkcje religii i w dostarczaniu duchowych przeżyć skutecznie ją zastępować. Sytuuje się więc w obszarze określanym współcześnie jako duchowość, którą pojmuję szeroko 2. Duchowość może bowiem realizować się tak na sposób religijne, ale z powodzeniem może spełniać się w sferach pozareligijnych. W tym wypadku spróbujemy spojrzeć na piłkarski klub i życie jego fanów jako na duchowość, która jest substytutem religii.

This book argues the crucial role of culture and cultural policies in defining the notion of urban citizenship in Barcelona since 1979. Through analysis of official documents, municipal publicity campaigns, sport – including the Olympic Games and Barcelona F.C – and film, Balibrea makes sense of the city as a global cultural destination and reveals how such transformation impacts local inhabitants.
Scrutinizing municipal discourses on culture from the late 1970s, this interdisciplinary work unveils how ideas of the function and nature of citizenship articulate changing definitions of the city, from model to brand. Over the course of topics such as: tourism, social democracy and urban regeneration, Balibrea constructs an original argument for how the Barcelona image mobilizes neoliberal fantasies of subject transformation. A wide-ranging study, this book will be of great interest to scholars of urban geography, sociology and cultural studies.

Women’s football has developed rapidly in recent years, and the interest in the
women’s game has grown steadily across Europe and the rest of the world with
record tv-viewing numbers of the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2019, record attendances
at women’s club football games in several countries, and ambitious strategy
documents published by the major football Governing bodies UEFA ad FIFA. The
game has also seen competition development, both at domestic and international
level, with a strong move towards strengthening club competitions at the elite level,
and an increasing professionalisation of teams.
Even though the women’s game is still trailing far behind men’s football in terms of
commercial revenue, there has been a growing positive trend for women’s football, for
instance with record sales of women’s football shirts during the last World Cup,
several ambitious sponsorship investments and both significant league naming right
deals and TV broadcasting deals for several women’s domestic leagues in Europe.
In the last few months, under the cloud of Covid-19, and together with the rest of the
football industry, women’s football has reached an abrupt halt. Interestingly, women’s
football was the first to be affected by the pandemic, when Olympic qualifying games
had to be moved in January from Wuhan, the epicentre of the initial outbreak.
Now, all the incredible gains of the last several years feel as if they happened
lightyears away and in a different world. Women’s football will certainly face serious
disruption once football operations will be allowed to resume. Major concerns are in
the air and even if women’s football had undergone important growth in the last
decade, it has not yet reached a satisfactory level of maturity nor independence vis-à- vis men’s football, which means that exiting from this crisis will be a challenge in itself.

This is an extract from the book. The history of Cairo’s football fans is one of the most poignant narratives of the 25 January 2011 Egyptian uprising. The Ultras Al-Ahly and the Ultras White Knights fans, belonging to the two main teams, Al-Ahly F.C. and Zamalek F.C respectively, became embroiled in the street protests that brought down the Mubarak regime. In the violent turmoil since, the Ultras have been locked in a bitter conflict with the Egyptian security state. Tracing these social movements to explore their role in the uprising and the political dimension of soccer in Egypt, Ronnie Close provides a vivid, intimate sense of the Ultras’ unique subculture.

Cairo’s Ultras: Resistance and Revolution in Egypt’s Football Culture explores how football communities offer ways of belonging and instill meaning in everyday life. Close asks us to rethink the labels ‘fans’ or ‘hooligans’ and what such terms might really mean. The role of the body is essential to understand the cultural practices of the Cairo Ultras as stadium rituals and acerbic chants were key expressions that resonated with many Egyptians. Along the way, the book skewers media clichés, and retraces revolutionary politics and social networks to consider the capacity of sport to emancipate through performances on the football terraces.