Egitania

RESUMEN
Se somete a una completa revisión técnica, puramente epigráfica (o más bien “microepigráfica”), la muy famosa y citada inscripción conocida de siempre como “del orarium Igaeditanis” o “del reloj de los Igaeditanos”. Se añaden nuevos datos físicos tras hacerle autopsia en 2016 en Lisboa y en Madrid. El estudio parte de la base de que un “orarium” (la lectura universalmente aceptada desde 1934) nunca pudo ser un reloj (porque en latín significa “pañuelo”). Observada con mucho detalle pueden apreciarse correcciones del lapicida para leer “oratorium”. Se proponen nuevas lecturas e interpretación a la luz de otros nexos y letras no advertidos hasta ahora, entre ellas una más normal expresión de la tribus Papiria del donante (PAP), su sorprendente condición de AV(gur) (sería el primero que conocemos en Lusitania), el epíteto I(ulia) para Emerita, los cuatro magistrados locales que (pese a lo que muchos vienen creyendo) están bien presentados en genitivo, o el cognomen correcto de uno de los cónsules del 16 a.C. Se añaden a su muy extenso corpus bibliográfico algunas referencias menos conocidas o más recientes. El corolario metodológico apunta de nuevo a la conveniencia de reexaminar a fondo incluso las inscripciones más consensuadas, sospechando de lecturas o explicaciones difíciles de aceptar en su contexto original, sea éste epigráfico, lingüístico, arqueológico o cronológico, y aunque estén respaldadas por una muy larga tradición y unanimidad, como era aquí el caso. ---- ABSTRACT
The so-renowned and cited inscription known as “of the orarium Igaeditanis” or “of the clock of the Igaeditans” undergoes a thorough technical revision, purely epigraphic (or rather “microepigraphic”). new physical data are provided after having conducted some autopsies in Lisbon and Madrid, in 2016. The study starts from the base that “orarium” (the reading universally accepted since 1934) could never be a clock (in Latin orarium can only mean “a handkerchief”); with more detail it is possible to observe ancient corrections to read “oratorium”. Other new readings and interpretations are proposed in light of the letters and ligatures which had been previously unobserved. Among these are a more normal expression (PAP) of the donor’s tribus Papiria and his surprising condition of AV(gur) (he would be the first we know in Lusitania), the epithet I(ulia) for Emerita, the four local magistrates, who, despite widely held belief, are rightly expressed in genitive, or the correct cognomen of one of the consuls of 16 BC. Some lesser-known or more recent references are added to its very extensive bibliographical corpus. the methodological corollary points again to the convenience of  thoroughly reexamining even the most consensuated inscriptions, suspecting of readings or explanations difficult to accept in their original context, be it epigraphic, linguistic, archaeological or chronological, and even if they are backed up by a very long scientific tradition and agreement, as was the case here.

Resumen
Se presentan los primeros resultados arqueológicos obtenidos durante la Campaña de excavación de 2014 realizada
en el yacimiento conocido como Paço dos Bispos de Idanha-a-Velha1. En este lugar emplazado intramuros junto al
lienzo murario suroccidental se ubica el grupo episcopal tardoantiguo de Egitania. Esta publicación pretende dar a
conocer la secuencia estratigráfica registrada durante los trabajos arqueológicos, así como aportar algunas nuevas
consideraciones interpretativas y cronológicas en relación a las construcciones eclesiásticas del episcopio egitano.
Abstract
The first archaeological results registered in 2014 during the archaeological excavation conducted at the site called
as Paço dos Bispos of Idanha-a-Velha are presented. At this intramural place nestled along the southwestern wall islocated the Late Antiquity Episcopal Group of Egitania. This publication aims to show the stratigraphic sequence recorded during the
archaeological work and provide some new interpretatives and chronological considerations in relation to ecclesiastical buildings.

RESUMO
A primeira menção à diocese de Viseu data de 572, mas é possível que sua a constituição tenha ocorrido durante a primeira metade do século VI. A definição do território diocesano é um tema que ganhou cada vez mais importância na relação de forças entre as várias sedes episcopais e na sua relação com as respetivas sedes metropolitanas.
Viseu, estava integrado no território lusitano, liderado por Emerita, contudo, após a constituição do reino Suevo (411-585), passou a integrar o espaço metropolitano bracarense. Após a conquista do reino suevo por Leovigildo retomou a tutela de Emerita.
O presente artigo visa abordar a definição das fronteiras diocesanas e
traçar um esboço da sua evolução, partindo da organização administrativa romana e baseando-se nas diversas fontes disponíveis tais como os concílios, o Parrochiale Suevum e os dados da arqueologia. Destaca-se na evolução dos limites da diocese, a alteração do território viseense motivada pela criação da diocese de Caliabria, ocorrida na primeira metade do século VII.

ABSTRACT
The oldest known reference to the Viseu dioceses is dated to 572 but it islikely that its establishment may have taken place in the first half of the century.
Its territorial definition was a question that gained increasing importance
between the several bishoprics and in relation with the respective metropolitan headquarters.
Viseu was integrated in Lusitania in the Late Roman period. With the constitution of the Suevic kingdom (411-585) it was integrated in the Bracara territory, a relation that was interrupted after the conquest of this kingdom by Leovigild. The conversion of the Visigoth Court to Catholicism and a reorganization of the territory made Viseu return to the Emerita metropolis.
This contribution aims at the definition of the diocesan borders and to sketch its evolution, starting with the Roman administrative organization and using the various sources available, such as the councils, the Parrochiale Suevum and archaeological data. It is of mention the changes of the Viseu territory as result of the creation of the Caliabria dioceses in the first half of the seventh century.