Depression (Psychology)

Inadequate vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of depression. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and failed to investigate the effect of changes in vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with depressive symptoms in 3365 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large nationally-representative study of older adults. Based on their vitamin D levels at baseline and follow-up (sufficient ≥ 50 nmol/L; insufficient < 50 nmol/L), participants were classified as follows: with sufficient levels at both waves; with sufficient levels at baseline but not at follow-up; with insufficient levels at baseline but ≥ 50 nmol/L at follow-up; and with levels < 50 nmol/L at each time point. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-point CES-D scale. Data were analysed using logistic regression models. Compared with those with sufficient levels of vitamin D at both waves, only those with insufficient levels throughout were more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00-1.93). Becoming or no longer being vitamin D deficient was, in the short term, not associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Further evidence is required on whether vitamin D supplementation might contribute to the prevention or treatment of depression as well as on the duration of time for changes in vitamin D levels to lead to detectable changes in depressive symptoms.

Objective This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in the Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal.

Design A cross-sectional study design was adopted.

Setting Four randomly selected higher secondary schools of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.

Participants 312 randomly sampled higher secondary school students.

Methods The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess the level of depression among students. The data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage. χ2 test and unadjusted OR (UOR) were calculated to assess the statistical relationship between depression and various variables at 95% CI, with level of significance at p<0.05.

Results The study found a high prevalence of depression among high school students, with more than two-fifths (44.2%) of students having depression. Furthermore, almost a quarter (25.3%) of the students were noted to have mild depression and 18.9% of the students expressed major depression. Students who had low perceived social support (UOR: 3.604; 95% CI 2.088 to 6.220), did not share their problems with anyone (UOR: 1.931; 95% CI 1.228 to 3.038) and had low self-esteem (UOR: 5.282; 95% CI 2.994 to 9.319) were at higher odds of being depressed.

Conclusion A high prevalence of depression was observed among high school students. It was also observed that students’ level of perceived social support, self-esteem and help-seeking behaviour are somehow related to their mental well-being. Hence, improving social support and self-esteem may alleviate depression and mental distress among these adolescents.

https://philaacupuncture.com/natural-treatment-for-depression/
Treatment for depression in allopathic medicine is never considered as simple and the success rate of cure for depression is way below 25%. Over the years, advances have been made in treatments for Depression. The early treatments consisted of medication.

Hemodialysis therapy will change the rhythm of a person's life for a long time. It can cause depression which is characterized by changes in behavior such as rejection, anger, fear, feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, anxiety and even suicide. If depression is not handled immediately, it will worsen the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation and differences between the level of depression and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. The study employed the descriptive comparation and correlation with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted on hemodialysis patients at Public Regional Hospital of Wates Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The sampling technique used total sampling. The number of samples in this study were 64 respondents. The research instruments were the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and QoL-SF36 questionnaire. The analysis test used the Mann Whitney difference test and the contingency coefficient correlation test. The results of the study showed that the majority of hemodialysis patients were 45-54 years (32.8%), male sex (57.8%), with education background of elementary & junior high school (51.6%), married (90.6%), unemployment (28.1%), not depressed (45.3%), and with a moderate quality of life (67.2%). There was a significant difference (p = 0.023), and there was a correlation between depression and quality of life (0.008). It is expected that nurses work together with patients' families to increase patient's acceptance to the disease, as well as measure depression levels and quality of life regularly.

The COVID-19 virus has become a fearful epidemic for people all over the world. In Turkey, long quarantine periods and curfews have increased both physical and psychological problems. Due to the rapid spread and substantial impact of the COVID-19 virus, different psychological effects were observed among different segments of society, such as among young people, elderly people, and active workers. Because of fear caused by the COVID-19 virus, it is thought that depression, stress, and anxiety levels have increased. It is estimated that there are more psychological issues for people with poor health and others whose friends or family became ill or have died because of COVID-19. To explore and test the situation mentioned above, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Turkey with 3287 participants above 16 years old. We measured COVID-19 fear, along with anxiety, stress, and depression levels (DASS21) and demographics. Firstly, we tested whether COVID-19 fear predicts stress, anxiety, and depression. Secondly, we investigated if the effect of COVID-19 fear is stronger for those who have underlying illness and for those whose friends or family became ill or have died because of COVID-19. The results showed that women and 16–25 years old youths have higher COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between COVID-19 fear and stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as significant moderation effects of having an underlying illness and having friends or family who were infected or have died. These results show the importance of implementing specific implementations, particularly for vulnerable groups, to minimize the psychological problems that may arise with the pandemic.

the research studied changes in psycho-emotional characteristics as a result of exposure to a course of vibroacoustic massage with singing bowls (8-12 procedures daily), performed under the protocol of the state patent for invention RU 2 687 006 C1. Author and patentee – Oguy Viktor Olegovich. Conducting vibroacoustic massage according to the "singing bowls" method in a course of 8-12 sessions contributed to a significant improvement in the psycho- emotional characteristics of the subjects. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the level of depression, a decrease in the level of personal and situational anxiety. The presented method is recommended for use in health resorts and SPA-institutions.

College students are exposed to multiple stress factors that are unavoidable due to the nature of their environment. Stress is known to have
severe negative effects on the mental health of college students. Everyone experiences different stressors and it is evident that they handle stress
differently. Stress management is now a concern as not many students are aware of the resources available to them or they simply do not have easy
access. Due to the popularity of massage therapy, officials at institutions like Harvard University have used massage therapy in as a means of stress
management. This has sparked an interest as students have indicated that they would like to know more about massage therapy as a means of stress
management.

Introduction: Finding the rate of depression is important. Objectives: Our object is the spread or depression in hemodialysis patients their age and sexual relations and examination of the cause of depression. Aim: Our aim is finding these relations between the internal and psychiatric diseases.

This paper discusses the strong correlation between women’s socialization and the occurrence of depression among women. It reviews Jack’s (1991) argument relating women’s depression to the sacrifice of the self required of women by a patriarchal society.
It suggests strategies for counseling based on a feminist perspective. It makes suggestions regarding assessment, treatment, and follow-up. A role- model for women struggling with depression is presented. This paper argues that depression can be an opportunity for a woman’s personal growth. A woman’s encounter with depression, in the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship, may in fact serve to  strengthen her sense of self and empower her to renew the important relationships in her life

El propósito del estudio fue investigar el modelo de vulnerabilidad-estrés aplicado a la prevención de la depresión y la ansiedad en estudiantes de primeros semestres de educación superior a través de un estudio longitudinal. Participaron 356 estudiantes de dos universidades ubicadas en dos regiones diferentes de Colombia: Medellín y Barranquilla. Se evaluaron los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad al inicio y ad portas de finalizar el semestre académico, y se analizó la dependencia predictiva de las variables cognitivas (esquemas maladaptativos y creencias de trastornos de personalidad), y el estrés, respecto a la variabilidad de los síntomas. Resultados y discusión: se validaron las hipótesis predictivas de las variables cognitivas para los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. El autocontrol insuficiente y el aislamiento social fueron los esquemas maladaptativos que mejor poder de predicción tuvieron para los síntomas de depresión, y los esquemas de vulnerabilidad, subyugación, deprivación emocional, defectuosidad y, de manera negativa, aislamiento, para los síntomas de ansiedad. Las creencias de los trastornos de la personalidad por dependencia e histriónico tuvieron un alto nivel de predicción tanto para los síntomas de depresión como para los de ansiedad. Adicionalmente, las creencias del trastorno de la personalidad esquizoide tuvieron poder de predicción para los síntomas de depresión, y las creencias de la personalidad límite para los síntomas de ansiedad.