Cultural Capital

The situation of children in the spaces of selected metropolitan courtyards in the context of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of reproducing cultural capital. The article addresses the subject of social and cultural inequalities in relation to the situation of children in degraded spaces of selected courtyards in one of the smallest housing estates in Wrocław, Poland, Przedmieście Oławskie. The aim of the research was to diagnose and describe the specific situation of these children and to analyse it in the context of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of reproducing cultural capital. The first part presents theoretical threads relevant for further interpretations and covers the concepts of marginalisation and reproduction of cultural capital as perceived in P. Bourdieu`s theories. The second part discusses the methodology of qualitative research, embedded in an interpretive paradigm and based on: ethno-graphic research strategy, the approach to research with children and the mosaic approach. The third part presents the results of research showing the specificity of the physical and socio-cultural environment of the studied courtyards. On the one hand, the dimensions of its marginalisation and the processes proving the reproduction of poor cultural capital were indicated; on the other hand, examples of artistic interventions in this type of marginalised environment were presented as exemplifi-cations of breaking the mechanisms of cultural reproduction.

In this study, it has been aimed the description of social process that provides reaching the higher education programmes where they are registered and occupations through personelhistories of the students. In the research, social inequalities in education are handled as a reality an individual lives in which general social mechanisms are valid. The subject was described as biographical on the basis of datas collected with semi-structured interview technique by using qualitative method. Interviews were made with 21 students coming from different social groups and studying at different university programmes to reach the differentiated and intersected experiences of them.
According to research findings, students coming from different social roots go forward in the different educational trajectories with their social, economical and cultural charasteristics and experiences they live. It was seen that the students from middle-upper socioeconomic backgrounds had self-confidence and high ideals with economic and cultural heritage they had received from their families. On the other hand, the students from low socioeconomic backgrounds had gone towards the occupations which are “job quaranteed” and can be entered easily, with future fear and lack of self-confidence they inherited from their families.
Keywords: Education, social inequalities, higher education, cultural capital, educational trajectories.

propuesta de este proyecto es  indagar la incidencia de las características y procesos de construcción del capital a través de las prácticas sociales de lectura y escritura en los estudiantes los Profesorados de Educación Primaria y de Educación Inicial de la ENS Nº 7 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. El eje establecido es el  análisis las prácticas sociales de lectura y escritura. Éstas se conforman como herramientas metodológicas básicas  de aprendizaje en la formación docente. La  imposibilidad de reformularlas como estrategias de estudio por un lado y de construirlas como herramientas metodológicas de enseñanza, provocan el abandono de la carrera para muchos y la pérdida de la visión crítica y autónoma para las prácticas profesionales, para otros. Se puso el acento en reconocer a los sujetos como hacedores de estas herramientas desde una perspectiva intercultural,  que contemple la diversidad de trayectorias formativas, en la construcción de la identidad profesional docente. La comprensión de las mismas permitió, dentro de la institución, formular estrategias de retroalimentación de la formación que nos llevaron a  incidir en prácticas de mayor inclusión y retención de los futuros docentes.

This piece considers the role of cultural capital in the early medieval
Japanese court through a case study of the Saionji family. As a prominent courtier family, the Saionji family deployed a variety of strategies aimed at securing and expanding their wealth and influence. These included investing substantial effort in two specific arenas of cultural endeavor. The first of these was waka (classical Japanese poetry). Many Saionji family members cultivated a reputation as talented poets, but they could also make use of their influence to ensure inclusion in the major poetry anthologies of the day. They also enthusiastically patronized other families connected to poetry, as another avenue of influence. The second arena in which they invested was that of the biwa (Japanese lute). In addition to developing their own performance skills and acquiring for their family the epithet “house of the biwa,” members of the Saionji family also gained prominence by served as instructors to sovereigns. The family’s efforts at building cultural capital were a vital component of its continued prominence.

Purpose - This paper aims to identify the factors that foster an interest in opera and Opera Houses as a specific form of cultural capital and how the Opera House tourist constructs images of destinations from the cognitive, affective and conative dimensions.
Design/methodology/approach - A social constructivist methodology was adopted, and data was captured through online qualitative questionnaires from 226 Opera House tourists using a simple random sampling approach. These enquired about the development of their interest in opera and Opera Houses and the influence this exerts on their destination image formation process.
Findings - This form of cultural capital is mainly developed by exposure to art forms through family, social and further reference groups. Opera Houses project cognitive images of cosmopolitanism, affective images of social belonging and conative images of further opportunities to experience culture and leisure fostering destination loyalty and place attachment.
Research limitations - Productions of both opera and ballet are staged at Opera Houses, opening avenues for further research on either the opera or ballet tourist markets specifically using case studies across the ample spectrum of Opera Houses around the world.
Practical implications - In addition to the visual appeal and quality of cultural produce, tourism practitioners can use an Opera House's projected affective images of social cohesion and togetherness to attract the Opera House tourist market. Opera Houses enrich a destination's visual and cultural landscapes, cementing the need to preserve and promote their contributions to the destination's cultural identity.
Social implications - This study highlights the need for cultural policy and audience development strategies that cultivate this type of cultural capital resulting in demand for and supply of cultural products that in turn stimulate the development of this niche cultural tourism market segment.
Originality/value - To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first study that has approached the Opera House tourist from the destination image formation context.

1 Beyond Access: Cultural Capital and the Roots of the Digital Divide By Viviana Rojas, Debasmita Roychowdhury, Ozlem Okur, Joe Straubhaar, and Yinan Estrada-Ortiz, University of Texas, Austin. Page 2. 2 Beyond Access: Cultural Capital and the Roots of the Digital Divide ...

1 Beyond Access: Cultural Capital and the Roots of the Digital Divide By Viviana Rojas, Debasmita Roychowdhury, Ozlem Okur, Joe Straubhaar, and Yinan Estrada-Ortiz, University of Texas, Austin. Page 2. 2 Beyond Access: Cultural Capital and the Roots of the Digital Divide ...

My talk maps Frances Burney’s life and works from the vantage viewpoint of material studies, considering the houses the author lived, sojourned and worked in. The tension between the contending discourses of ‘public’ house and ‘private’ house / home –the house as a space for entertainment and a cultural hub used to promote visibility and augment cultural capital opposed to the ‘private’ house as the locus of intimacy and family life- is exemplified by the juxtaposition between the houses Frances Burney lived in as her father’s daughter – in particular the famous house in St Martin’s Street where Charles Burney held fashionable musical soirées– and the idyllic Surrey cottage Burney was able to build with the profits from the her third novel Camilla (1796), quite significantly named ‘Camilla Cottage’, where she moved in with her husband, Alexandre d’Arblay, in 1797. My talk will also consider the symbolic, often mythopoetic value associated with Burney’s houses as artificial, cultural mythoi, in a deeply-freighted paradigmatic shift from early authorial propriety to later authorial property.

La cultura es un fenómeno humano que nos inunda, nos rodea nos constituye. Es todo lo que como humanos producimos para convertir el mundo natural es un entorno habitable y nuestro. Y a su vez la cultura se asocia con la historia, porque las huellas del pasado no son más que los rasgos y producciones culturales que cada generación ha producido y nos ha legado.

As a follow-up of the previous research undertaken by Mark Elchardus and Jessy Siongers, in this paper the authors aimed to test two theories designed to explain the causes of ethnocentrism-deprivation theory and cultural theory. Given that cultural theory proposes that ethnocentrism is a type of cultural work that consists of boundary making arising from the existing social groupings, while deprivation theory claims ethnocentrism to be only a reflection of one's own social position, hypotheses related to connections between family background, type of schooling, cultural capital/cultural tastes and ethnocentrism were proposed. Robustness of the results was checked with liberalism as an alternative criterion variable. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analyses based on data obtained from a sample of 500 students from five secondary schools in Slavonia and Baranja. The measures used in the field survey conducted in schools comprised scales of ethnocentrism, liberalism, general cultural capital and media (television) cultural capital, as well as demographic information relevant for the hypotheses testing. The results tentatively confirmed cultural theory, while deprivation theory was rejected, thus implying usefulness of cultural approach to research on ethnocentrism and similar constructs.

Research shows charter schools are more segregated by race and class than are traditional public schools. I investigate an underexamined mechanism for this segregation: Charter schools project identities corresponding to parents’ race- and class-specific parenting styles and educational values. I use computational text analysis to detect the emphasis on inquiry-based learning in the websites of all charter schools operating in 2015–16. I then estimate mixed linear regression models to test the relationships between ideological emphasis and school- and district-level poverty and ethnicity. I thereby transcend methodological problems in scholarship on charter school identities by collecting contemporary, populationwide data and by blending text analysis with hypothesis testing. Findings suggest charter school identities are both race and class specific, outlining a new mechanism by which school choice may consolidate parents by race and class—and paving the way for behavioral and longitudinal studies. This project contributes to literatures on school choice and educational stratification.

Targeted advertisements, tailored information feeds, and recommended content are now common and somewhat inescapable components of our everyday lives. With the help of searches, browsing history, purchases, likes, and other digital interactions, technological experiences are now routinely "personalized." Companies with access to this information often downplay the fact that users' personal data serves as a key form of monetization, and their privacy policies tend to use the terms "personalization" and "customization" to legitimize the practice of tracking and algorithmically anticipating users' daily movements. In Making it Personal, Tanya Kant sheds light on the dilemmas of algorithmic personalization, exploring such key contemporary questions as: What do users really know about the algorithms that guide their online experiences and social media presence? And if personalization practices seek to act on our behalf, then how can users constitute, retain, or relinquish their autonomy and sense of self? At the heart of the book are new interviews and focus groups with web users who-through a myriad of resistant, tactical, resigned or trusting engagements-encounter algorithmic personalization as part of their lived experience on the web. Tanya Kant proposes that for those who encounter it, algorithmic personalization creates epistemic uncertainties that can emerge as trust or anxiety, produces an ongoing struggle for autonomy between user and system, and even has the power to intervene in identity constitution. In doing so, algorithmic personalization does not just generate "filter bubbles" for individuals' worldviews, but also creates new implications for knowledge production, the deployment of cultural capital as an algorithmic tactic, and, above all, formations of identity itself.

The article applies K. Hempel’s logical scheme for full-fledged academic explanation of the origin and flourishing of humanism in the Northern Italy city-states (15th–16th centuries). Large consolidated continuous ideological movements (including Italian humanism) arise not randomly but because of combined circumstances in various social spheres (from geopolitics to everyday practices). Author’s formulation of the “universal hypothesis” (for genesis of any cultural movements) uses Toynbееаn “challenge-response” scheme, the principle of positive reinforcement of successful response strategies, the concepts of legitimacy, social movements, and resource mobilization. The genesis of Italian humanism is conceptualized as a macro-event with a fixed set of well-known ideological characteristics (anthropocentrism, activism, the “renaissance” of Roman and Greek classics, hedonism, faith in magic, etc). Initial data include main challenges-threats and challenges-opportunities for the
Italian elites and the papacy, characteristics of affordable cultural capital (Latin and Greek “antiquities”).
Also ensuing cultural strategies were successful. The movement gained sources of replenishment by young newcomers, rich high-ranking patrons with plenty of cultural resources. Non-institutionalized channels of vertical mobility were open in diplomacy, papal bureaucracy, commerce, literacy, art, and education. The correspondence of these initial data for the late 15th century Italy with the universal hypothesis premises means an obligatory appearance of macro-events: emergence and flourishing of humanism as a cultural movement with given characteristics. 
В статье применена схема К. Гемпеля к объяснению расцвета гуманизма в городах-государствах северной Италии (XV–XVI вв.). Подобные идейные течения (в их числе итальянский гуманизм) не бывают случайными и получают широкое признание вследствие стечения обстоятельств в разных социальных сферах (от геополитики до практик повседневности). В формулировке «универсальной гипотезы» (для генезиса любых культурных движений) использованы схема «вызов-ответ» А. Тойнби, принцип положительного подкрепления успешных стратегий, концепции легитимности, социальных движений и мобилизации ресурсов. Генезис итальянского гуманизма концептуализирован как макрособытие с фиксированным набором идейных характеристик. Приведены основные вызовы-угрозы и вызовы-возможности для итальянских элит и папства, характеристики доступного культурного капитала – латинских и греческих «древностей», подтвержден успех ответных культурных стратегий, показаны источники пополнения движения участниками, патронами и меценатами, культурными ресурсами, открытость неинституализированных каналов вертикальной мобильности. Соответствие данных об Италии второй половины XV в. компонентам универсальной гипотезы означает закономерность макрособытия – появления и расцвета гуманизма как культурного движения с заданными характеристиками

TULEAR
The Capital of the Southwestern region of Madagascar. It is the last destination by the RN 7. Ethnic 
groups: the Vezo, the Mahafaly, the Antandroy, and the Bara Once, three tribes shared the territory:  the Antandavaka lived on the coast, the Masikoro in the valley and the Bara on the plateaus. Later  the Ambolava from the North and the Mahafaly from the South joined Antandavaka, forming the  Vezo tribe. The Vezo is a nomadic tribe living in the coastal region. Climate: Dry and hot The South  (Tuléar) is different from the other regions by its climate (hotter and drier) and its original life style. The South offers striking images of light and shadows, of people and theirs villages, of landscape, of  plants, of spiny forest, of pale colours and of dry smell. The coast of sand dunes, bays and coral reefs,  belongs to the Vezo fisher people, masters with colourful pirogues

O presente artigo se propõe a apresentar as discussões sobre as estruturas de relacionamentos sociais entre jogadores no ambiente digital que ocorrem por meio do compartilhamento paratextual de capital de jogos. O debate é realizado através do paralelo, proposto por Mia Consalvo, com o conceito de capital cultural, formulado inicialmente por Pierre Bourdieu, dentro do contexto dos videogames. O capital de jogos é observado como uma característica social dos espaços lúdicos eletrônicos em que elabora uma estrutura de privilégios entre os indivíduos: enquanto uns se favorecem de fatores que os possibilitam de se tornarem jogadores “ideais”, outros são postos à margem disso. Além disso, é observado como as estruturas paratextuais dos videogames, ou seja, toda a indústria que se envolve aos jogos eletrônicos, a exemplo da imprensa, atua como um vetor dessa hierarquização social ao monetizar o capital de jogos através do compartilhamento de hipertextos na internet.

Video paper presented as part of London Calling: IASPM UK & Ireland Online Conference 2020. Available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEFVNrEud7k.

YouTube offers unmatched variety for those seeking to experience music artefacts in the early twenty-first century. Alongside the range and scale of music accessible (much of it uploaded without the copyright holder’s permission), the platform affords various methods of presentation: music videos, pro- and amateur-shot live footage, audio over a fixed-image, and fan-made compilations (to name only a few). In a phenomenon seemingly native to YouTube, users upload videos of themselves watching other videos while reacting in real-time, often proffering commentary or critique and inviting viewers to do the same in the comment section. These ‘reaction videos’ position music within a discourse between reactor and musical artefact, reactor and viewer(s), as well as between viewer and musical artefact. As such, reaction videos provide a site for the accrual, demonstration, and exchange of distinct forms of mundane subcultural capital (Thornton 1995; Kahn-Harris 2007).

Dave’s single ‘Streatham’ (Psychodrama, 2019) discusses the British rapper’s upbringing in the titular district, complete with multiple references and allusions to South London. Despite or perhaps because of its London-centric content, the song’s music video has become a frequent subject for a sub-set of reaction videos in which Americans react to British hip-hop. With reactors commonly confessing a lack of prior knowledge about the artist, such videos allow reactors to demonstrate their level of general subcultural capital (knowledge of rap) while simultaneously allowing commenters to demonstrate their level of specific subcultural capital (knowledge of the artist and city). Building upon research on British rap (Bramwell 2015; Adams 2019) and media intertextuality (Vernallis 2013), this paper uses ‘Streatham’ as a case study of the various forms of subcultural capital exchange afforded by reaction videos. The paper seeks to investigate further the nature of capital in online fandom and the experience of music artefacts in the twenty-first century.