Ceramic Technology

As part of the Topical Collection on the archaeometric study of ceramics, this paper focuses on terra sigillata ware. The main aims are to provide a review on the state of the art of the studies and to provide a guide to the most suitable analytical techniques. The text is divided into four main parts: (1) a brief archaeological introduction on the ancient production of terra sigillata; (2) a summary of the archaeometric studies carried out to date; (3) a reasoned list of the most suitable techniques for the investigation of the ceramic body and (4) an in-depth discussion on the most effective techniques for the study of the coating. The application of both destructive and non-destructive techniques is critically evaluated as well as the advantages and disadvantages provided by the different instrumentation, in terms of sample preparations and expected results.

ÇAĞDAŞ SERAMİK SANATINDA BİR İFADE BİÇİMİ OLARAK SERİGRAFİ BASKI TEKNİĞİ VE BİREYSEL UYGULAMALAR Öz Seramiğin tarihsel süreci değerlendirildiğinde seramik, insanoğlunun hem günlük kullanım nesnesi olarak hem de bireysel olarak kendini ifade edebildiği bir alan olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. En temel tanımlama ile hammaddesi kil olan ve pişirildiği zaman dayanıklılık kazanan bu malzemenin tarihi, insanlığın yerleşik yaşama geçmesi ile ilişkilendirilir. Seramiğin teknik bir malzeme olarak endüstride kullanımı ve plastik bir malzeme olarak da sanatçıya ilham veren özgün uygulamalarda kullanımı söz konusudur. Çağdaş sanat farklı sanat disiplinlerinin bir arada kullanımına sıklıkla gözlenmektedir. Çağdaş seramik sanatı da aynı anlayışla farklı disiplinler ile etkileşime girmektedir. Baskı resim alanı bu etkilenme alanlarından birini oluşturur. Bu çalışma, zamansal süreç içerisinde geleneksel ve dekoratif kimliğinden uzaklaşmış olan çağdaş seramik sanatında bir ifade biçimi olarak kullanılan serigrafi baskı tekniği ile üretilen özgün üretimlerin sanatçıya ve izleyiciye yeni bakış açıları sunması üzerine odaklanmıştır. Birçok tanımın ve anlamlandırmanın yanı sıra çağdaş seramik sanatında uygulama alanı olarak serigrafinin kullanımı akademisyen/sanatçı Rasim Bağırlı'nın İzler/İzlenimler Serisi özelinde tasarım, uygulama ve fırınlama çalışmalarını yürüttüğü seramik uygulamaları açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

In this paper we present the results of our study of two ceramic rattles from Israel using Computed Tomography (CT). CT is highly regarded as an efficient medical diagnostic tool the uses a non-destructive form of X-ray that is also relatively inexpensive. It has not, however, come into its own in the study of clay and ceramic archaeological artifacts. Our studies demonstrate that Medical CT is, in fact, a singularly powerful and efficient tool for in-depth radiological studies and analysis of a wide range of archaeological finds. As CT scans produce digital images, we have been able to manipulate these images so that we they reveal new dimensions of the artifact under study. By adapting various post-processing techniques of scanned images (developed for CT as a medical diagnostic tool) to our specific needs, we have been able to reduce development and research costs.
In this paper we present the results of our study of two ceramic rattles from the collection of the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel, using non-destructive Medical X-Ray Computed Tomography as our primary research tool. We shall demonstrate our use of CT to help us obtain definitive information about these ceramic rattles.

https://www.ijert.org/research-on-building-process-technology-of-synthetic-piezoelectric-materials-system-pzt-szn-doped-mn-and-application

https://www.ijert.org/research/research-on-building-process-technology-of-synthetic-piezoelectric-materials-system-pzt-szn-doped-mn-and-application-IJERTV9IS060467.pdf

Materials science is the field of synthesizing, analyzing and applying new materials. Piezoelectric materials on the doped PZT base materials are used to manufacture ultrasonic transmitters and receivers. Regarding technology monopoly, commercial piezoelectric ceramic companies only publish the parameters and applications while the material formulas and technological processes are always kept secret. In this paper, we present the results of research on building technological process of synthesizing hard-doped PZT material system. To evaluate the technological process, a composite of PZT-SZN doped Mn 4+ was conducted. As a result, we have successfully fabricated ceramic system (Pb0.95Sr0.05) ((Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.2 (Zr0.53Ti0.47)0.8)O3 + 0,5% Wt MnO2. In particular, this technological process has lowered the material heating temperature, the 1st burning temperature at 700 0 C, sintering temperature at 1000 0 C. Dielectric, electric iron and piezoelectric parameters: = 7,8 (g/cm 3), kp = 0,58, d33 = 330 (pC/N), Tc = 342 0 C, Qm = 1000. Results of the study shows that the characteristic parameters clearly show the properties of hard piezoelectric materials, suitable for manufacturing power ultrasound transducer.

Fluvio-deltaic and/or shallow lagoon clay deposits out­cropping in eastern-central Sardinia were investigated near the village of Escaplano for their refractory properties. They rest on the Silurian-Ordovician metamorphic basement and are overlain by the Tacchi formation, consisting of Jurassic limestone-dolostone. [...]

Ceramic technology is a topic widely explored in archaeology, especially for its social inferences. This volume addresses the social aspects of production and the role of potters within prehistoric communities. The book focusses on the Copper Age when social complexity was incipient rather than developed, and ceramic production was not considered a formalised activity. Household and funerary pottery dated from the second half of the 4th to the end of the 3rd millennium BC unearthed from eight archaeological contexts located in the current area of Rome were analysed through a multidisciplinary study. An integrated approach of archaeometric investigation, trace analysis and experimental archaeology provided a framework of empirical data reflecting the transmission of technological choices among diverse ceramic traditions and the coexistence of different levels of expertise within productions related to household or funerary activities.

Petrographic analyses, XRF and XRD, led to an understanding of the ceramic recipes, their use and the firing technology used by Copper Age potters. The reference collection of technological traces relating to forming techniques, surface treatments and comb decorations allowed characterization of the craftspeople’s expertise. A potter’s skill is inferred in terms of the technical investment required at each stage of production or in shaping specific ceramic vessels. In light of these data, the pottery from the Copper Age contexts of central Italy suggests a recurring association between skilled productions and socially valued goods, as the vessels used in funerary contexts demonstrate.

Статья посвящена результатам применения рентгеновской компьютерной томографии (КТ) в изучении технологии изготовления древней лепной керамики. КТ была разработана в медицинских целях, с ее помощью можно создавать подробные изображения (срезы) без эффекта взаимного наложения соседних слоев, как это свойственно обычной рентгенографии. Автор в свое время (Ломан, 1998; 2004) предложил использовать рентгеновскую компьютерную томографию для изучения способов конструирования целых и относительно целых керамических сосудов. В статье приводятся результаты томографического исследования серии разновременной керамики, происходящей с территории Казахстана.

This book is about the Maya who inhabited northern Yucatán, México, during the centuries around the European arrival,
the Late Postclassic (AD c. 1100-1500). The Europeans arrived only decades after the abandonment of Mayapán, the last
Maya capital in this region. The nature of Late Postclassic (LP) society is not well understood, primarily because its socioeconomic
nature eludes researchers. To gain a better understanding of the Late Postclassic social and economic
environment in northern Yucatán, this study focuses on ceramic production, a crucial socio-economic aspect of the ancient
Maya society.
Through a combination of analytical methods that include petrographic, chemical, and surface features analyses, this
research reconstructs ceramic production technology and examines regional patterns in this technology for vessels from
Mayapán, minor north-central sites, and eastern sites. The research questions can be summarised as follows. Were there
patterns in raw material selection and ceramic technology reflecting zones of production, groups of potters, technological
traditions, or other social divisions? What might such patterns tell us about the organisation of production and the nature
of interactions, including networks of ceramic exchange and technological traditions that may reflect social divisions or
integration?
The results of this study have provided new insights into the technology involved in the manufacture of Late Postclassic
ceramics. The potters who produced these ceramics had a deep working knowledge of the very challenging raw materials
available for pottery making in northern Yucatán.
This study shows that raw material selection is not random and follows patterns determined by overarching technological
traditions dictating the appropriate materials for different types of vessels at different geographical locations. These
traditions can be traced back to, at least, the northern Terminal Classic, and continue up to the present. Furthermore,
cultural divisions between Mayapán and minor north-central sites may be reflected in the data. Divisions are also observed
between eastern fabrics in utilitarian vessels and fabrics in north-central vessels. At least two orientations to production
are emerging because the association between raw materials and types of vessels at Mayapán differs from minor northcentral
sites. This study found that many potters’ groups may have supplied the minor north-central centres, while the
compositionally and technologically homogeneity of Mayapán pottery points to few raw materials sources.
New perspectives have been gained on long-standing questions about the location of zones of productions, the extent of
the export and import of Mayapán vessels, and the mechanisms of exchange that may have been involved in this
movement of vessels. Mayapán imported few vessels and exported many. However, vessels with Mayapán fabric style
are found only at sites less than two days’ march from this major site. A ritual context or a limited sub-regional market
context may explain this movement. These findings have informed current views about Late Postclassic ceramic
production, exchange, and advanced our understanding of the socio-economic nature of this period.

Сборник содержит статьи по актуальным вопросам изучения древней керамики различных эпох и регионов. Значительная часть статей имеет методический характер и выполнена с позиций историко-культурного подхода к изучению древнего гончарства и его продукции. Статьи представляют интерес для археологов, изучающих древнюю керамику, и студентов исторических факультетов университетов и педагогических институтов.

The Bulletin contains articles on current issues of research on ancient pottery from different epochs and regions. Most articles are methodical and written on the basis of Historical-and-Cultural approach to the investigation of ancient pottery and its products. The articles are of interest to archaeologists studying ancient ceramics and university and teachers college students.