Carolingian Studies

Both modern scholarship and contemporary accounts have portrayed the tenth-century Italian episcopacy as more divided than its counterparts in West and East Francia. This chapter will argue that ideals of episcopal unity and solidarity were more prevalent among northern Italian prelates than implied by these accounts. While church councils and other more overt displays of episcopal solidarity were largely absent, an ideology of episcopal collegiality was kept alive through the production and transmission of canon law collections. Moreover, appealing to the episcopacy as an ordo was still endowed with a great deal of political power.

One of the most important developments in European history took place in communication. A transition is clearly visible from illiterate societies to societies in which most members are active users of the written word. This complex process, which started in Antiquity, and is still not complete, gained momentum during the Middle Ages. This series is intended to provide a forum for publications on the history of non-verbal, oral and written communication in the Middle Ages. Interest in the subject is now widespread within the worldwide community of medieval studies; and ever more scholars are becoming convinced of the potential of studying the tensions between oral and literate modes of thought.

The millstone quarries near Mayen at the eastern wing of the Ardennes-Eifel massif supplied large parts of the Roman north-western provinces with high-quality querns and millstones of vesicular lava. Yet in Late Antiquity products of Mayen basalt lava reached a considerable area for a very long time. The waterways and roads were therefore still usable. Exports prove that quarrying of lava never came to a complete standstill near Mayen even in the Merovingian period and was increased again around 700 AD. Like the Mayen ware potteries, the querns seem to have been produced in Roman tradition at the beginning. As from Carolingian times the export area of hand mills was further expanded, while stones for water mills seem to have been initially confined to an area from Lorraine to the Lower Rhine Bay. Towards the end of the early Middle Ages the barycentre of the distribution of basalt lava mills had been shifted to the northeast compared to the Roman export area. The western edge of the Ardennes was then apparently supplied via the Meuse.
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Les carrières de meules près de Mayen, dans la partie oriengtale du massif des Ardennes-Eifel, ont fourni
de grandes parties des provinces romaines du nord-ouest en meules à main et meules de moulins de haute qualité en lave vésiculaire. Dans l'Antiquité tardive, les productions en lave basaltique de Mayen ont atteint une extension considérable pendant une très longue période. Les voies navigables et les routes étaient donc encore utilisables. Les exportations prouvent que l'extraction de la lave n'a jamais été complètement interrompue près de Mayen, même à l'époque mérovingienne, et qu'elle s'est encore plus développée vers 700 après J.-C. Comme les poteries de Mayen, les meules à main semblent avoir été produites au début dans la tradition romaine. À partir de l'époque carolingienne, la zone d'exportation des moulins à main s'est encore étendue, tandis que les pierres pour les moulins à eau semblent avoir été initialement cantonnées à une zone allant de la Lorraine à la Niederrheinische Bucht. Vers la fin du Haut Moyen Âge, le centre de distribution des moulins en lave basaltique s'est déplacé vers le nordest par rapport à la zone d'exportation romaine. La bordure occidentale des Ardennes était alors apparemment approvisionnée via la Meuse.

Livre d’Evangiles (Einsiedeln Stiftsbibliothek, Codex 17(405)); Lectionnaire de Saint-Gall (Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. Lat. 37a); Deux dessinateurs pour le cycle astronomique de l’Aratus Latinus (Saint-Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 250); Une longue tradition illustrée des Phainomena d’Aratos de Soloi (Saint-Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, cod. sang. 902); Une Psychomachie illustrée de Prudence (Saint-Gall, Stifstbibliothek, cod. sang. 135)

Le IXe siècle carolingien  est un âge de spéculations philosophiques et théologiques, s’appuyant sur l’émulation scolaire. Qu'est-ce que la littéracie et qui touche-t-elle dans la France de Charlemagne et de ses successeurs?
Le travail présent aborde les généralités de la culture des laïcs ainsi que le niveau de littéracie dans le monde carolingien. Il se base sur des sources politiques et littéraire pour comprendre ce qui fait du monde franc une exception. Ces arguments seront appuyés par une étude de cas sur le Manuel de Dhuoda, véritable miroir de l’éducation laïque. Cet ouvrage démontre l’agentivité d’une femme aristocratique laïque dans la littérature du IXe siècle, en plus de permettre un regard intime sur la vision d'une femme face a son temps.

The charta lapidaria from the cathedral of Anagni is an important record for understanding the Carolingian phase of the city. The inscription is engraved on different architectural parts from the early medieval church decoration allowing a reconstruction of their original disposition and fruition. The bishop Rumaldus, author of the inscription, trough the message of the charta lapidaria wants to mark the sacred space with the celebration of the newly gained control of some of the Southern Latium territories as established in the Pactum Hludowicianum.

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