Boundaries

En France et en Italie, le droit distingue deux catégories brutales, les mineurs et les majeurs. Ces pays de droit romain acceptent difficilement l’idée d’un entre-deux, la pré-majorité. D’autres, au contraire, développent depuis longtemps cette idée juridique qui, en fait, s’appliquait partout avant le XVIe siècle et la « redécouverte du droit romain » au travers des écrits d’Ulpien. Comment se répartissent géographiquement les pré-majorités en Europe ? Quels facteurs culturels et juridiques favorisent son acceptation et expliquent cette répartition ? La réponse n’est pas simple, entre droit romain, esprit protestant et common law, du Nord au Sud de l’Europe, mais des aspects de cette répartition peuvent êtres montrés. Parfois, les systèmes juridiques s’interpénètrent, comme pour le cas de l’Écosse, très bien documenté.

Is the idea of the "Middle East" simply a geopolitical construct conceived by the West to serve particular strategic and economic interests―or can we identify geographical, historical, cultural, and political patterns to indicate some sort of internal coherence to this label? While the term has achieved common usage, no one studying the region has yet addressed whether this conceptualization has real meaning―and then articulated what and where the Middle East is, or is not. This volume fills the void, offering a diverse set of voices―from political and cultural historians, to social scientists, geographers, and political economists―to debate the possible manifestations and meanings of the Middle East. At a time when geopolitical forces, social currents, and environmental concerns have brought attention to the region, this volume examines the very definition and geographic and cultural boundaries of the Middle East in an unprecedented way. Edited by late Michael E. Bonine, Abbas Amanat and Michael E. Gasper

Terrorist attacks in the last decade have profoundly altered and reshaped the priorities of many legal systems. Below, Aniceto Masferrer and Clive Walker suggest the important theme of crossing legal categories represents a recurrent issue which underlies counter-terrorism laws, and argue that boundary-crossing must be considered carefully, without any expectation that it will deliver greater security.

In offering our collection, we seek to provide a detailed and original study of an important and fast-developing field by adopting an innovative perspective which will be accessible for researchers in law and public policy. The decade of counter-terrorism experiences which sought to provide a risk-averse protective state has constantly and severely challenged traditional legal concepts and categories. Our approach to the questions raised by counter-terrorism is to relate the interaction of law with politics, history, and ethics and by drawing comparisons between civil law and common law traditions. Our remit is thereby much wider and more deeply analytical and critical than most existing commentaries on counter-terrorism. We shall consider as a recurrent theme the implications of counter-terrorism for a wide range of traditional legal responses, strategies of governance and modes of accountability. Its core refrain is that these developments in counter-terrorism have resulted in pressures to cross important ethical, organisational and legal boundaries with the result that new problems and tensions are reflexively created and that unexpected and often unwanted outcomes are thereby generated.

Capítulo que discute as disputas fronteiriças  sobre o Rio Amazonas entre as diplomacias portuguesa e espanhola, a partir dos relatos espaciais e tropos cartográficos, na conjuntura imediatamente anterior ao estabelecimento do Tratado de Madri (1750).

This article situates Van Gennep's Rites de passage in the contemporary field of migration studies, arguing that his second and third chapters allow us to reformulate how we conceptualize contemporary migratory encounters. Rather than reading Van Gennep's classical text through the prevalent Turnerian lens of "liminality" in migration, I reread it as offering a conceptualization of migration as deriving from society's establishment on a delimited piece of earth, constituting itself against and in relation to its own limits. Society's limit then becomes the center of social inquiry, while the strangers at the gate are seen as an integral part of these fundamental relations between a social grouping and the delimited space it occupies. The article further suggests that Van Gennep's sociology of the limit offers the field of migration studies three practical analytical contributions: (a) its notion of the multiplicity of limits and sublimits emerging throughout the migratory encounter; (b) its emphasis on the sanctification of the limit, which opens up the possibility of analyzing the relations between migration and emotions; and (c) its pointing to the potential cycle of dread elicited by this sanctification-a notion highly relevant to analyzing contemporary migratory encounters.

Abstract: This report summarizes the framework and provides key findings of the Verification and Validation (V&V) study for the Coastal Modeling System (CMS), a product of the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP). There are three components of the study: Verification, ...

Any territory has its boundaries characterised by environmental markers: the seashore, a river, the
top of a mountain. An environmental heritage has place within those boundaries and it is partially
seen by the human community as an economical resource: farm land, woods, mines and quarries,
waters. On the same land, in the typical ways of the same community, there are established some
borders, which delimit the area of competence of political authority and that relating to property. All
these different boundaries - environmental, political, juridical - may coincide with current administrative boundaries, but most often they do not and are differently practiced by humans and nonhuman agerts.

This paper examines the relationship between British police officers, Jewish guards, and German internees in Palestine’s internment camps during World War II. Using the reports of the Jewish guards, the paper investigates the role of Western-identified actors in the Zionist identity-making project. The reports evince a surprising rapport between the British and their Germans prisoners, and the mistreatment of the Jewish guards by their British superiors. The paper analyzes these Jewish accounts in the context of identity- and ethnic boundary-making, and argues that they illustrate Zionism’s intent to construct itself as a Western but non-colonial movement, and Zionists in Palestine as natives but not “Orientals.” The reports also reveal a breach between the formal hierarchy – British officers, Jewish guards, German internees – and the ethnic order, which situated British and Germans at the apex and the Jews at the bottom. The paper highlights the utility of researching group-making interactions in different contexts, to develop a more nuanced understanding of identity-making processes.

Coimbra suffers from an urban contradiction settled in one of its key focal points: the Mondego River. The premise of this dissertation relies on the theory that the river functions as an urban boundary. Because of the lack of access, infrastructure and program, the river has been a physical barrier between its riverbanks. Around this urban boundary, both margins seem to have their own urban identities, asymmetric and with highly differentiated resources, where the northeastern has dominated the southwestern margin.

This dissertation recognizes the historical parameters that possibly split the riverbanks, and aims to foment a reunion between them, by using the river as a mediator of urban relations rather than as an obstacle to these. This dissertation’s hypothesis is that the urban quality and livability of Coimbra has to gain by considering the city’s two margins as one urban whole. To consider these two regions as the target of one enveloping urban strategy can enhance the positive effects of urban and architecture plans addressing the city’s improvement. Even though there are many plans for Coimbra, most have not addressed the separation between its two margins and those that addressed this issue, have conceptualized interventions in the city’s riverfronts as punctual extensions of the city’s northern margin urban needs. None attempted to reunite the two margins by considering them as one whole urban landscape. Furthermore, most plans have not addressed, in an overarching and structural manner, the city’s traffic system in relation to the river, contributing to the understanding of the river as a frontier and not as a “bridge”. Lastly, all the urban plans here considered were not thought as key mechanisms for the production of more sustainable urban patterns, namely by considering the importance of planning and designing alternative forms of transportation in a city dominated by automobile traffic.

This dissertation adverts to the importance of solving these urban problems and defies to integrate the river in the city’s urban conception, by addressing the need for an alternative and inter-connected system of mobility. It will do so by presenting an urban proposal that focuses on the pedestrian flux as a mean to better recognize and organize the city’s heritage and neglected regions. The Mondego River has the potential to become Coimbra’s spinal cord, transforming its urban boundary into the generator of the city’s urban network.

In ancient Egypt the boundaries of the fields were marked with various boundary marks including boundary stones. These had to be replaced frequently after the Nile inundation, based on cadastral records. Their violation was seen as a harsh offence and that is why procedurę to resolve encroachment disputes was prescribed. Information in regard for the pharaonic period can be found in a text known as The Duties ofthe Vizier, where we find two related fragments, one of which deals with violation ofthe boundaries committed by the state officials, while the second one treats all other cases. In the latter case, the officials responsible for field measurements were consulted. Continuation of this practice can be found in the papyri firom the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Normal procedure in those times in case of encroachment disputes consisted in the presentation of the Petition to a higher official, who ordered his subordinates to conduct special measure­ ments and to present a suitable report. On that basis it is possible to say that, generally  speaking, a way of solving such problems remained basically the same through the time, as it guaranted perfectly fast and accurate ending of a dispute.

This article reviews scholarship dealing with the notion of “boundary work,” defined as purposeful individual and collective effort to influence the social, symbolic, material, or temporal boundaries, demarcations; and distinctions affecting groups, occupations, and organizations. We identify and explore the implications of three conceptually distinct but interrelated forms of boundary work emerging from the literature. Competitive boundary work involves mobilizing boundaries to establish some kind of advantage over others. In contrast, collaborative boundary work is concerned with aligning boundaries to enable collaboration. Finally, configurational boundary work involves manipulating patterns of differentiation and integration among groups to ensure that certain activities are brought together, whereas others are kept apart, orienting the domains of competition and collaboration. We argue that the notion of boundary work can contribute to the development of a uniquely processual view of organizational design as open-ended, and continually becoming, an orientation with significant future potential for understanding novel forms of organizing, and for integrating agency, power dynamics, materiality, and temporality into the study of organizing.

The aim of this article is to study the experiences of highly skilled migrants from an intersectional perspective. Based on a case study of a group of skilled migrants in Finland, this article explores the interplay of various social identities and categorizations in their everyday life. I argue that although class markers are an important element in the self-defined group identification for skilled migrants, they are also subjected to intersecting social categorizations, stereotyping and assumptions based on gender, ethnicity, race and nationality, creating different experiences and belongings for different skilled migrants. Anthias’ concept of ‘translocational positionality’ is used to highlight how these intersections are highly situational, context specific and relative to other actors in the Finnish context.