17th century Europe

Esta tese – “Torna-te o que deves ser”: Uma história da polícia como genealogia da escola moderna (meados do século XVII – segunda metade do século XVIII) – versa sobre o encontro histórico entre polícia e educação. Conceitos tendencialmente desvinculados no ocidente desde que, a partir do século XIX, os Estados-nação começaram a instituir, sedimentar e reformar quer os diferentes ramos das forças de segurança pública, quer os seus sistemas de ensino nacionais. Propõe-se ao leitor uma viagem desfamiliarizante em direcção a um tempo antes das instituições policiais e escolares tais como as conhecemos hoje, no decurso da qual o termo “polícia” vai sofrendo sucessivas inflexões no sentido de desocultar os modos como se relacionava com a temática educacional. Começando pela polícia de segurança pública em contexto urbano, passando pela “polícia geral do Estado” na Europa continental do século XVIII e culminando, por fim, na polícia como forma de governo que se refere à “produção da conformidade”, este extenso e sinuoso périplo procura não só demonstrar que diferentes concepções da polícia dizem respeito a modos distintos do historiador se relacionar com o passado, senão também que o aluno moderno foi – e continua hoje a ser – essencialmente concebido como um sujeito de polícia.

This thesis – “Become what you ought to be”: A history of police as a genealogy of modern schooling (mid-17th century – second half of the 18th century) – focuses on the historical encounter between police and education. Two concepts that Western culture has tended to separate since, from the 19th century onwards, nation-states began to set up, consolidate and reform both the different branches of public security forces and their national education systems. It proposes a journey of defamiliarisation to a time before police and schooling institutions as we know them today, during which the term “police” is subject to continuous inflections as a means to uncover the ways in which it related to the topic of education. Beginning with public security police in the urban context, moving on to the “general police of the state” in 18th century continental Europe and, finally, culminating with the notion of police as a type of government that refers to the “production of conformity”, this long and sinuous journey seeks to demonstrate not only that different conceptions of police pertain to distinctive ways in which historians relate to the past, but also that the modern school pupil was – and still is nowadays – essentially conceived as a police subject.

Speaker at: Analogies et Modèles Végétaux en Médecine (Besançon 17-18 Octobre 2019)

Abstract: René Descartes’ ontological and mechanical identification of all bodies reveals some problems as he comes to describe the animal body. Indeed, his explanation of life and the living body cannot avoid to register a few crucial differences. While a mechanical gradation of living bodies surfaces between plants, animals, and humans, this differentiation mostly concerns the structure of the body. Apparently, the mechanical functioning of life remains the same.
If on the one hand this entails no spiritual differentiation, some structural difference however arises and makes necessary to reconsider the nature of living bodies. Especially in the case of the plant-animal continuity, this takes a specific form in early modern mechanical natural philosophy. In this paper, I will present the case of Descartes, the discussions of early Cartesians, and the re-elaboration of physicians such as Francis Glisson and Marcello Malpighi.

Review: Belyaev L.A., Mednikova M.B. In Search of the Romanovs' Boyars: Cross-Sectoral Study of the Tomb of the 16th — 17th Centuries in Znamenskaya  Church of Novospassky Monastery in Moscow: in 2 vols. Vol. 1, ed. N.A. Makarov; Institute of Archaeology, RAS. Moscow: ClubPrint Publ., 2018. 208 p.

The conference sets its focus on the cultural and artistic effects and consequences of the two major conflicts of the XVII c. in Central Europe – the Thirty Years‘ War and the Northern Wars, intertwined by the powers and personalities involved and influenced by each other. Especially the German territories of the Holy Roman Empire (including Bohemia) and Poland were confronted with a huge extent of destruction, looting, migration and targeted theft of art and culture. The topics are military architecture, artistic representation in war, political iconography, war and peace as a theme of art, protagonists and victims, roles and fates, paths of artlootings and processes of cultural transfer.

Der „Dreißigjährige Krieg” giIt aIs eines der dunkelsten Kapitel in der Geschichte der Menschheit. Was als Kampf um die religiöse und machtpolitische Hegemonie in Böhmen und im Heiligen Römischen Reich Deutscher Nation begonnen hatte, endete in einer Katastrophe für ganz Mitteleuropa.

Seinen Anfang nahm der Krieg mit dem „Prager Fenstersturz” vom 23. Mai 1618, dem eine offene Rebellion der protestantischen böhmischen Stände gegen den Kaiser folgte. Durch die Ereignisse des Jahres 1619 — erwähnt seien hier Iediglich die „Sturmpetition“ evangelischer Adeliger bei Ferdinand II. in Wien sowie die schweren Kämpfe und Devastierungen im nördlichen Niederösterreich — wurde das habsburgische Kernland Niederösterreich endgültig in das Ringen zwischen katholischem Herrscherhaus und protestantischer Ständeopposition hineingezogen. Diese Auseinandersetzung sollte erst mit der Schlacht am Weißen Berg von 1620 ihr (vorläufiges) Ende finden, als die Katholische Liga den Sieg gegen die böhmischen Stände unter ihrem „Winterkönig” Friedrich von der Pfalz davontrug.

Die Ereignisse von 1619 bilden den Anlass dafür, sich 400 Jahre später im Rahmen einer Tagung den Anfängen des Dreißigjährigen Krieges und seinen Auswirkungen auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Niederösterreichs zu widmen.

Шестой том международной научной серии Monumenta byzantino-slavica et latina Slovaciae под названием "Dva uglianske rukopisy ponaučení a exempiel zo 17. storočia / Две углянские рукописи поучений и притч XVIII в." содержит текст Углянского учительского евангелия и Углянского сборника Ключ с комментарием на словацком и русском языках

Los cerramientos, enclosures, en el campo inglés y sus efectos sobre los comunales han sido una práctica controvertida, por lo menos desde el siglo XVI. Discutida su importancia real, son sin embargo un elemento central en las diversas narrativas sobre la acumulación originaria, las revoluciones agrícola e industrial y, en suma, sobre el triunfo del capitalismo en Inglaterra, cuna de su éxito mundial. Este fenómeno ha estado en cambio prácticamente ausente de la historiografía peninsular, sin duda, por considerarlo inexistente o irrelevante en nuestro país. Aunque la política oficial de la Monarquía, al menos desde los Reyes Católicos, fuese favorable a los campos abiertos, la documentación que aquí analizamos desvela como las necesidades fiscales impulsan su apoyo al proceso cerrador que alcanza en algunos momentos una intensidad equiparable a la insular contemporánea.

Este seminario pretende repensar la Villa de Madrid y su condición de urbe internacional en el siglo XVII. Recogerá la amplia tradición de estudios cortesanos sobre Madrid, para recolocar esta ciu-dad dentro de algunos nuevos debates que se están produciendo, por ejemplo, desde la historia urbana. Trabajos como los de Doreen Massey sobre el es-pacio urbano o los de Saskia Sassen sobre las ciu-dades globales invitan a pensar la ciudad como un espacio vivo, resultado de interrelaciones comple-jas, donde coexistieron trayectorias heterogéneas. De manera especial, abordará la dimensión per-formativa y material de las principales embajadas en Madrid, abriendo una reflexión sobre la va-lidez del paradigma cross-cultural: ¿es oportu-no hablar de transferencias culturales y artísticas cuando abordamos espacios complejos, como los de urbes globales en el siglo XVII? ¿Cómo de-bemos afrontar las nociones de diplomacia global y diplomacia material al hablar de Madrid? Pretende también abrir un debate sobre la vali-dez del binomio agentes oficiales/intermediarios y sobre la oportunidad de incorporar nociones como la de familiaridad, que permitan entender mejor la integración de los agentes diplomáticos en las redes locales culturales y artísticas de Ma-drid. Se analizará el espacio urbano de Madrid, para entender cómo se regulaba el acceso de un embajador a los órganos de poder y al soberano.

Osmanlı Devleti, on yedinci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Köprülüler dönemi ile birlikte iç karışıklıkları önemli ölçüde sonuçlandırmış, merkezi otoriteyi tesis etmiş ve  yönünü yeniden Avrupa’ya çevirmişti. 1645’de Sultan İbrahim’in emri ile başlayan Girit seferi ise 1666 yılına gelindiğinde adanın büyük bir bölümü ele geçirilmesine rağmen sonuçlandırılamamış, savaş Kandiye önünde düğümlenmişti. Osmanlı ile Venedik arasındaki savaş, kollektif hristiyan güçleri ile Osmanlı Devleti’nin bir hesaplaşması noktasına varacak, Kandiye önlerinde Osmanlı ordusu, erken modern dönemin son haçlı birlikleriyle mücadele edecekti. Bu kısa makalemizde Osmanlı’nın Girit seferini ve söz konusu seferi sonuçlandırılmasında önemli bir dönüm noktasını teşkil eden Kandiye kuşatması sürecini ele alarak başta Fransa olmak üzere dönemin Avrupalı güçlerin bir araya gelip, adayı Osmanlı’ya karşı bir haçlı sahasına dönüştürmesi sürecini incelemeye çalışacağız.

Accompanying the related exhibition, Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges  illuminates the early career of Rembrandt and his peers. Essays explore the artists in broader contexts, including Leiden’s historical and cultural profile, process and novelty in printmaking, the city’s art market and the history of collecting paintings by the master in Canada. The four essays, accompanied by entries on the works featured in the exhibition, offer profound insight into the motivations, aspirations and achievements of an extraordinary group of artists.

Herrschaftsausübung - so die Ausgangsthese des Workshops - wird als dynastische Teamleistung gedeutet und dem Nachwuchs wird hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle zugesprochen. Die Nachfolger wurden instrumentalisiert und als politisches Argument eingesetzt. Wie und mit welchem Erfolg dies vonstattenging, wird im Workshop zu ermitteln und zu zeigen sein. Neben der Hohenzol-lerndynastie werden in vergleichender Perspektive die Wettiner ebenso in den Blick genommen wie andere Herrscherfamilien. Die Beschäftigung mit Prinzessinnen und Prinzen trägt dazu bei, unser Verständnis von Herrschaftslegitimation und -festigung in der Frühen Neuzeit zu erweitern; mithilfe neuer Forschungsansätze der Diplomatie-, Emotions-oder Kunstgeschichte wird die Rolle des dynastischen Nachwuchses in der politischen und symbolischen Kommunikation ausgeleuchtet.

Aydınlanma düşüncesi ile anlam kazanmaya başlayan ‘Birey, özel mülkiyet, pozitif hukuk’ gibi kavramlar, feodalizmden kapitalizme geçiş sürecinin teorik altyapısını oluşturan kavramlar olarak kabul edilir. Geç feodalizm ve erken kapitalist sürecin toplumsal tarihine baktığımızda, bu kavramların toplum içinde kadınların dışarıda tutularak gelişme gösterdiğini ve karşılık bulduğunu görürüz.Ortaçağ sürecinde, ait olduğu toplumun içinde, dericilik, şifacılık, çiftçilik, kasaplık gibi meslekler ile kendini idame ettirerek[1], toplum içinde var olmaya çalışan kadının,Rönesans’ı takip eden aydınlanma ve kapitalizme geçiş sürecinde ise, daha önce hiç görülmemiş bir şekilde, cinselliğinin ve bedeninin şeytanlaştırılması üzerinden güdülen bir kilise politikası ile, toplumsal ve ekonomik alandan dışlanarak eve kapatıldığı görülür. Kendisine zorla dayatılan Annelik görevini yerine getirmek istemeyen kadınlar ise ya engizisyon mahkemeleri tarafından acımasızca yargılanmışlardır ya da toplumdan dışlanmışlardır..