A new Epidendrum (Laeliinae-Orchidaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil: Evidence from morphology and cytogenetics

A new Epidendrum (Laeliinae- Orchidaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil: Evidence from morphology and cytogenetics Edlley Pessoa, Leonardo P. Felix & Marccus Alves Brittonia ISSN 0007-196X Volume 66 Number 4 Brittonia (2014) 66:347-352 DOI 10.1007/s12228-014-9343-3 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23  Author's personal copy A new Epidendrum (Laeliinae-Orchidaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil: Evidence from morphology and cytogenetics EDLLEY PESSOA1, LEONARDO P. FELIX2, AND MARCCUS ALVES3,4 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; e-mail: edlley_max@hotmail.com 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Setor de Botânica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, CEP 58.397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil; e-mail: lpfelix@cca.ufpb.com 3 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; e-mail: alves.marccus@gmail.com 4 Present address: Senckenberg Naturmuseum, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; e-mail: alves.marccus@gmail.com Abstract. A new epiphytic species, Epidendrum sanchezii, is described from nort- heastern Brazil. The new species grows in the montane Atlantic forest of the states of Ceará and Pernambuco. It belongs to the E. difforme complex and is morphologically similar to E. angustatum, but the new species differs because it has smaller flowers, 7- veined sepals, a lip with a cuspidate apex, and a column that is strongly sigmoid. A karyological description of the new species is presented, including the pattern of CMA/DAPI bands, and this is compared with E. campaccii. A key is provided to distinguish species of the E. difforme complex in northeastern Brazil. Key Words: Epiphyte, Pernambuco, Ceará, Epidendrum difforme complex, montane forest. Resumo. Uma nova espécie epífita Epidendrum sanchezii é descrita para a região Nordeste do Brasil, para a Floresta Atlântica montana dos estados do Ceará e Pern- ambuco. Esta é relacionada ao complexo E. difforme, e é morfologicamente semelh- ante com E. angustatum, mas se diferencia por flores menores, sépalas com 7 vênulas, labelo com ápice cuspidado e coluna fortemente sigmóide. Adicionalmente é apres- entada uma descrição cariológica da espécie nova, comparando-a com E. campaccii, incluindo o padrão de bandas CMA/DAPI e uma chave de identificação para as es- pécies relacionadas do Nordeste do Brasil. Epidendrum L. is a Neotropical genus of almost 50 are found in the northeastern part of Orchidaceae Subtribe Laeliinae (Chase et the country. al., 2003). The genus contains about 1500 One taxonomic group within the genus is species (Hágsater et al., 2005) and is easily the Epidendrum diffirme Jacq. complex. recognized by the fusion between the Members of the complex have subcorymbose column and the lip claw, and by the inflorescences with white, yellow, or most dorsal-apical anther (Hágsater et al., commonly pale greenish flowers, which often 2005). According to Van den Berg et al. have a hooded, erose or fringed clinandrium (2009), the genus is related to Barkeria (Christenson, 1994). Kraenzlin (1899) pro- Knowles & Westc., Caularthron Raf., and posed Neolehmania Kraenzl., to accommo- Orleanesia Barb. Rodr. (i.e., the Epidendrum date all species with these morphological alliance). Barros et al. (2013) listed about 140 features; however, this genus has not been species of the genus from Brazil, of which generally accepted (Christenson, 1994). Brittonia 66(4): 347–352 (2014), DOI 10.1007/s12228-014-9343-3 ISSN: 0007-196X (print) ISSN: 1938-436X (electronic) © 2014, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. Published Online: 14 June 2014  Author's personal copy 348 BRITTONIA [VOL 66 The taxonomic complex had been simultaneous, resupinate, pale-greenish. Ova- interpreted as a single species (Epidendrum ry pedicellate 1.3–2.0 × 0.1–0.2 cm; dorsal difforme), but Hágsater (1984, 1988), sepals 1.0–1.1 × 0.35–0.4 cm, elliptic to Christenson (1994), and Saldaña and oblanceolate, 7-veined, apex acute, margin Hágsater (1998) agreed that the group prob- entire; lateral sepals 1.1–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 cm, ably has more than one species. According to oblong to oblanceolate, sub-falcate, 7-veined, Barros et al. (2013), six species of the E. apex acute, margin entire; petals 1.0–1.1 × difforme complex are cited for northeastern 0.1–0.15 cm, narrowly oblanceolate, 3- Brazil and are found in fragments of the veined, apex obtuse to rounded, margins Atlantic Forest. These species are E. entire; lips clawed, claw adnate to the anatipedium L. Sanchéz & Hágsater, E. column, laminae 0.8–1.1 × 1.2–1.3 cm, campaccii Hágsater & L. Sanchéz, E. garciae reniform, apex cuspidate, base cordate, Pabst, E. latilabrum Lindl., E. pessoae margins entire, with slightly thickened Hágsater & L. Sanchéz and E. ramified veins and two deltoid calluses at pseudodifforme Hoehne & Schltr. All species base; column 0.5–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, terete, of the E. difforme complex thus far chromo- strongly sigmoid; anther apical, ovate, somally investigated present 2n = 40 and a clinandrium erose; pollinia 4, ovoid. Cap- symmetrical karyotype (Assis et al., 2013). sules not seen. The study of local collections (EAC, EAN, Distribution and ecology.—Northeastern and UFP) revealed a seventh species related Brazil, states of Pernambuco (Serra do to the E. difforme complex. This new species Urubú) and Ceará (Serra de Baturité), is found in the states of Ceará and Pernam- submontane Atlantic Forest, up to 600 m. buco and is described and illustrated below. Submontane Atlantic forests are considered important refuges for endemic and rare orchids, some of which are recently de- Epidendrum sanchezii E. Pessoa & L. P. scribed (Pessoa et al., 2013; Pessoa & Felix, sp. nov. Type: Brazil. Ceará: Pacoti, Alves, 2013). For example, the recently Serra de Baturité, Pico Alto, [4°12'29"S, described E. anatipedium is known from 38°58'28"W], 750 m, 22 Aug 2004 (fl), M. the same area as E. sanchezii. The F. O. Pires & L. P Felix 46 (holotype: flowering period of E. sanchezii is still EAN; isotypes: K, NY). (Fig. 1) poorly known, but according the collected specimens, flowers appear from August to Epidendrum sanchezii is morphologically sim- April. ilar to E. angustatum (T. Hashim.) Dodson Etymology.—The name of the new species based on its narrow leaves (<5.0 cm wide) honors Luis Sánchez Saldaña, Mexican and reniform lip, but differs by its subterete and orchidologist who has studied the E. difforme fleshy leaves (coriaceous and plane in the latter group. species), smaller flowers (perianth < 1.2 cm long, versus > 1.35 cm in the latter), sepals 7- veined (5-veined in the latter), lip with cuspi- Additional specimens examined. Brazil. Pernam- date apex (retuse in the latter) and strongly buco Jaqueira, Serra do Urubu, RPPN Frei Caneca, 30 sigmoid column (straight to slightly arched in Jan 2013 (fl.), E. Pessoa et al. 1056 (UFP); Ceará: the latter). Guaramiranga, Estrada do Pico Alto, 24 Apr 2000 (fl.), L. W. Lima-Verde s.n. (EAC). Epiphytic, erect, cespitose, herbs. Stems 2.8–13.0 × 0.2–0.4 cm, simple, cane-like, terete. Leaves 2.0–5.6 × 0.2–0.6 cm, disti- Leaves in the E. difforme complex vary. chous, distributed along the apical half of the They are mostly coriaceous, but can also be stems, subterete, fleshy, linear-oblong to fleshy, as in the Mexican E. erectfolium oblong-lanceolate, slightly laterally com- Hágsater & L. Sánchez. The leaves in E. pressed, the apex slightly emarginate, margin sanchezii are fleshy and subterete. entire. Inflorescences apical, sub-corymbose; Species of the E. difforme complex usually peduncle and rachis inconspicuous; floral have a trilobed lip with the middle lobe bracts ca. 0.1 cm long, ovate. Flowers 1–3, emarginate or retuse; however, some species,  Author's personal copy 2014] PESSOA ET AL.: EPIDENDRUM (ORCHIDACEAE) 349 FIG. 1. Epidendrum sanchezii. A. Habit. B. Transverse section of a leaf. C. Dissected perianth. D. Column. (Drawn from the holotype.) such as E. scharfii Hágsater & Dodson and E. retuse or cuspidate apex. All of the species angustatum, both from Ecuador, and E. previously recorded from the Atlantic Forest oldemanii E. A. Christenson, from French of Brazil have trilobed lips; however, in E. Guiana, have an entire, reniform lip with a sanchezii the lip is simple and entire.  Author's personal copy 350 BRITTONIA [VOL 66 TABLE I Comparison of Epidendrum sanchezii and allied species. E. sanchezii E. oldemanii E. scharfii E. angustatum Leaves fleshy, coriaceous, coriaceous, coriaceous, < 0.6 cm wide > 1.6 cm wide < 1.0 cm wide < 0.6 cm wide Sepals 7-veined 5-veined 9-veined 5-veined Petals 3-veined 1-veined 3-veined 3-veined Column strongly arched, straight to slightly arched, slightly arched, straight to slightly arched, < 0.6 mm long > 1.0 cm long < 0.6 mm long < 0.6 mm long Epidendrum sanchezii is morphologically and Assis et al. (2013) were confirmed similar to E. angustatum but differs by the here. Both species have karyotypes with leaf texture, size of the flowers, number of 2n = 40, with chromosomes gradually veins in the sepals, lip apex, and curvature of diminishing in size, from highest to the column. The comparison of diagnostic lowest chromosome pair of the comple- features between E. sanchezii and allied ment. In E. campaccii, the CMA/DAPI species is presented in Table I. bands are not clearly observed (Fig. 2 A– Cytology.—The previous counts of 2n = 40 C), whereas E. sanchezii has at least eight for E. campaccii (from Paraíba) and E. pericentromeric CMA bands which were sanchezii (cited as Epidendrum sp. nov., visualized by complementary monoploidy. from Ceará) by Felix and Guerra (2010) These regions were weakly stained with FIG. 2. Mitotic metaphase of Epidendrum campaccii (a-c) and E. sanchezii (d-f) stained blue with DAPI (a, d), yellow with CMA (b, e) and CMA + DAPI overlapping (c, f). Bar in f = 10 μm.  Author's personal copy 2014] PESSOA ET AL.: EPIDENDRUM (ORCHIDACEAE) 351 DAPI (Fig. 2 D–F) when compared to gions (NORs) or other heterochromatic, other regions. Fluorochrome 4’-6- GC-rich regions (Guerra, 2000). The ab- diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI) prefer- sence of heterochromatic, GC-rich regions entially stains AT-rich heterochromatin, in E. campaccii suggests the possibility of whereas chromomycin A3 (CMA) prefer- large genomic rearrangements between entially stains GC-rich DNA regions, as these two species, corresponding to the for example the nucleolar organizer re- morphological differences observed. Key to the species of the Epidendrum difforme complex in northeastern Brazil 1. Leaves fleshy, subterete; lip entire; column sigmoid……….……….....….……….……............….....….E. sanchezii 1. Leaves coriaceous, plane; lip tri-lobed; column straight to slightly arched. 2. Mid-lobe of lip obtuse to rounded………………………………............…………………….……E. anatipedium 2. Mid-lobe of lip emarginate or retuse. 3. Petals linear to linear-oblanceolate; lateral lobes of the lip elliptic, curved toward the apex. 4. Petals 1-veined; mid-lobe of lip strongly emarginate….........................................……………E. Latilabrum 4. Petals 3-veined; mid-lobe of lip retuse…………….….........................................………………..E. pessoae 3. Petals oblanceolate to oblanceolate-elliptic; lateral lobes of the lip orbicular, not curved to the apex. 5. Flowers cream-whitish; sepals > 2.0 cm long; petals 5-veined…...........................................……E. garciae 5. Flowers green-whitish; sepals < 1.7 cm long; petals 1-veined. 6. Petals oblanceolate-elliptic, the apices acute to obtuse; margin of the lip slightly undulate ..........E. pseudodifforme 6. Petals oblanceolate, apices obtuse; margin of the lip entire…..........................................…..E. campaccii Acknowledgments Christenson, E. A. 1994. 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