Rethinking the Think Tank Rankings
Rethinking the Think Tank Rankings
Rethinking the Think Tank Rankings
Rethinking the Think Tank Rankings: China Should Worry Less About the Rankings,
More About Diversity and Quality
I’ve always been a bit skeptical about the value of rankings of universities and other
research institutions, including “think tanks.” So when the latest “Global Go To Think
Tank Report” report came out on January 22nd I downloaded it with mixed feelings.
Don’t get me wrong, ever since I applied to college back in the late 1980s I was as
aware as any ambitious American university applicant of the US News and World
Report annual university rankings. But even at that young age I had a sense that
such rankings were somewhat superficial and at best could serve only as a general
guide to academic quality.
As I progressed through my Bachelor’s, Master’s and Ph.D. degrees I continued to
pay attention to such rankings, but my skepticism about their specific value became
increasingly pronounced. It wasn’t so much that I thought such rankings about, say,
the best professional international affairs MA programs or best political science
Ph.D. programs were inaccurate as that they were often comparing apples to
oranges and doing so with insufficient attention to detail. At a certain level of
specific academic or research focus it was clear to me that the things that different
universities, departments and individual researchers were doing were very specific
and unique and all too often the rankings failed to capture this specific diversity.
Since coming to China to study, live and work beginning in 2000 I have become
keenly aware of the value that many in China place on rankings of all kinds. Whether
it’s a ranking of students in a class, universities in the country, or countries in a
global wealth or power ranking, China is a deeply ranking‐conscious society and
country. Since I became a professor at Tsinghua University in 2008 I’ve become
even more keenly aware of this sensitivity to rankings. But I also know that many of
my students and colleagues both outside and inside China are just as skeptical, or
even more so than me, about such rankings globally and within China. Their own
experience has taught them that academic or general research quality and integrity
is not necessarily perfectly aligned with the headline rankings.
When it comes to the ranking of global think tanks, itself a relatively new
phenomenon with the University of Pennsylvania ranking dating to only 2006, such
a healthy skepticism is all the more warranted. In fact, I have no serious
disagreements with the specific findings of the think tank rankings especially since
institutions to which I’m connected, namely Tsinghua and Carnegie, feature
prominently. And in a certain light there might be cause for celebration for those in
China, like the CCIEE sponsors of the three “Global Think Tank Summits” since 2009,
who have been actively promoting the development of the country’s think tanks.
After all, six Chinese think tanks placed in the top 100 globally and in the China,
India and Korea category Chinese think tanks occupy almost 25% of the region’s top
institutions. However, China should fight the temptation to fetishize such rankings
because the country’s real challenge lies with improving the quality and diversity of
knowledge being produced by its think tanks and universities.
The pace of change in China over the last three and a half decades has been
remarkable, but such rapid change has produced equally or more daunting policy
and governance challenges both at home and abroad. The country’s research
institutions, including its think tanks and universities, have also been rapidly
evolving, but in terms of quantity and quality of innovative ideas these institutions
are not yet adequately prepared to effectively deal with the increasing number of
increasingly complex challenges. When it comes to one of my own research interests,
China’s relations with developing regions like Latin America, such challenges are
clear and growing. In the space of just about a decade China has become the number
one trade partner of a number of countries in the region, maybe most prominently
Brazil, yet the number of think tanks and scholars with a focus on the region
remains very limited in proportion. Understanding and creating adequate policies
for China’s increasingly complex domestic economic, social and political issues is
challenging enough, doing so for the country’s rapidly developing foreign policies
will prove equally daunting.
Those interested in the status of China’s think tanks in comparative international
perspective have reason to be happy with the most recent global rankings, but much
work remains to be done. Stepping back for a minute from the specific institutional
results of the Penn think tank rankings, what comes through is that in the US there
is a vast array of think tanks doing research and presenting policy
recommendations on an array of issues from a wide diversity of viewpoints.
Moreover, these institutions compete and cooperate in a variety of complex ways
and while all them seek to affect government policy outcomes, none are themselves
instrument of the government. From an overall national interest perspective, it is
the depth, the diversity and the relative independence of the US think tanks that
make the largest contribution to domestic and foreign policy. Rather than focusing
on specific rankings, China needs more diversity, more competition, and certainly
more cooperation, among its existing and yet‐to‐be‐created think tanks. And when it
comes to “independence”, maybe a page should be taken from Deng Xiaoping who so
capably and radically transformed China by portraying fundamental changes as
“Socialism with Chinese characteristics”. Chinese think thanks and scholars can and
should be innovative, competitive and yes, independent, even if that means doing so
in a uniquely Chinese way.