Results: Star Trek Fandom Survey

THE CULTURE OF TREK FANDOM:   WOULDN’T YOU LIKE TO BE A TREKKIE TOO?  Daryl G. Frazetti, Anthropologist/Pop Culture Researcher  daryl.frazetti@csuci.edu  During the early months of 2010, I set out to collect data on Star Trek fans in order to better understand this often misunderstood, misrepresented culture. After constructing a fairly comprehensive survey, I set out to discover what fans themselves had to say. Call them what you will, but fans overwhelmingly decided the top term to identify a Star Trek fan was Trekkie. Nearly 43 % of respondents identified themselves as Trekkies, with Trek Fan coming in second with nearly 30% of respondents. Regardless of how fans identify themselves, members of this culture surely do a superb job of holding true to the definition of what a fan is, someone showing support and enthusiasm for a particular area of focus. Perhaps more than any other group in any genre, Trek fans have certainly created the template for all fandom cultures. What follows is a brief journey through both the quantitative and qualitative data fans provided through their participation in the fandom survey. It is hoped that such data provides greater insight into the culture of Star Trek fandom. Throughout the several months that this survey was available online, a total of 5,041 individuals responded, and it was a pleasure to note that 7% commented on how they simply did not feel they knew that much about Trek. I am hoping that will add to a more rounded set of results with respect to how the culture is defined. It should be noted that not all responded to each question. Notes have been provided to correspond with (and explain) all statistical data. Participants were asked to answer a wide range of questions in order to gather data on how they perceived themselves as fans, their participation in fandom, and the extent to which they felt Star Trek had impacted their lives. Participants were also asked to provide basic demographic information. It is hoped that the analysis that follows allows for a more accurate portrait of Star Trek fandom to emerge. Much thanks to all who participated and to all who assisted in getting the word out about the survey. Perhaps one of the most interesting things resulting from this survey was the fact that so many fans paused to really give thought to how they have been thinking about Star Trek. Some answered one way in the Yes/No section, but then stated they were now unclear about their own positions and appreciated a moment to pause and reflect. Some indicated that this helped them to see that Star Trek was a great tool to aid in daily life, but perhaps since it was about diversity and critical thinking and analysis on an individual level, hat they perhaps needed to spend time reflecting and redefining how they defined what Trek was. - Quotes of Note: Trek Purists (Pg. 20)  1    Rate Your Involvement in Fandom Perhaps the toughest question to ask a fan is to rate their personal involvement in fandom. One interesting finding came from speaking with fans at the Plano, TX, Star Trek Fan Days Convention in October of 2010. In asking the audience to rate their level of involvement with fandom, most did not rate themselves as being very involved. When asked the reason for this, responses varied. Many stated that they had not attended a convention until now, had not regularly attended conventions, did not collect merchandise, or did not spend time online following Trek. What makes this interesting is how many of those responding were wearing some form of Trek related clothing, even costumes, and holding onto Trek related merchandise. In comparing this dialogue with a general audience to the responses on the survey, data supports that the majority of fans perceive of themselves as having a moderate level of involvement. Meaning, they attend a convention on occasion, purchase some item of clothing or other merchandise, follow their favorite Trek episodes in syndication or on DVD, and follow the comics or magazines. One interesting response found that a fan who rated themselves as a 3 –or moderately active (on a scale of 1-5, with 5 being the most active), commented on how they “eat, sleep, and breathe Star Trek”. It was interesting to see how fans rated themselves within their perceptions of fandom. Most were convinced that regardless of their own activities, many others were far more active than they were. Another interesting set of comments came from those who did consider themselves less active, a rating of 3 or lower, made it a point to mention that they had been raised on Star Trek or had been influenced by it in their lives or careers in some way but had not been that heavily involved in fandom to the extent to which they would collect, dress up, or belong to clubs and attend conventions. Not surprising, but certainly an interesting mention, 67% of those responding said they would do more to be involved if their finances allowed for this. Some of the other interesting statistics from this question: there were 13% who identified themselves as professional fans (or those fans now a professional and working in Trek) and considered to be highly involved. Overwhelmingly, 82% considered themselves to be average to below-average in terms of involvement, while 18% went all out to go into elaborate detail about how extremely involved they were as fans. This group reported such activities as attending more than 10 conventions a year, belonging to 2 or more groups/clubs, having careers influenced by Star Trek, taking on Trek related personas and being involved in costuming, and being either raised on Star Trek values or currently teaching others the values of Trek, including raising their own children on Trek. Others reported such activities as being involved in convention organization (11%), and following Star Trek in some way online (73%). One final note, 3% responding mentioned being hardcore prop collectors and another 17% commented on how their involvement with Trek has declined as they have aged. What really was the most interesting data to come from this was how humble fans were with respect to their own participation; always feeling someone else was far more active as a fan than they were. Some fans see more active participation as being at many conventions, dressing up, or collecting merchandise. Many simply felt that being a highly active fan meant living by the ideals of Star Trek in their daily lives. Those that had some professional involvement as a result of their fan activities expressed their gratitude for fandom. Regardless of where fans rated themselves, it was quite apparent that fans enjoyed participation and enjoyed being part of Star 2    Trek in any way they could be involved, and respect for all aspects of fandom was a constant and clear message. Why Participate? Fans were asked to discuss why they participated. Star Trek fandom is not a culture where one can choose not to participate in some way; this is participatory culture at its finest. Fans want and need to be active in some way. Star Trek as myth requires participation, and fans want to be able to touch, feel, and live the myth. From the simply “hella cool” responses to the “quality science fiction and good acting” or “its about the culture of fandom” they do just this, become bonded with the myth. A whopping 79% responded that they participated because of the ideals of Star Trek and the bonding such ideals created with friends and within fandom overall, that they felt a stronger attraction to the messages of community and activism or to fandom culture over the Trek franchise. A simple set of responses to a simple question?! It is indeed the bonding and community, living the myth is what maintains the community and continues to lure fans to participate. How Fans Express Themselves One of the purely fun questions was asking fans to talk about how they let the world know they are Trek fans. Now there was an interesting tidbit to come out of this, 3% of those who responded to this question admitted to owning something Trek related, but were not as yet comfortable in letting that be known outside the confines of their home. No information indicating where folks lived or any other circumstances, and though there is still a stigma in some circles associated with “Trekkies”, it was interesting to find some fans were uncomfortable with being identified as fans even today with Trek seemingly becoming more mainstream; despite this, even these fans were enjoying expressing themselves in some way along with all the rest. “Qapla”'…. From art and music, to pins and tribbles galore, fans are doing all sorts of things to express their Trekness! Community service tops the list with 67% of fans discussing how they are active in their communities either as dictated via fandom or through a Trek group they are a member of. Professionals too, as 11% reported they were professional artists or convention organizers. Dressing for Trek is the “in” thing, with 91% of fans reporting that they wore anything from comm badges to t-shirts and professionally made costumes. T-shirt, pin, and patch collecting are big attractions, as 57% of fans went into detail about their hard work in obtaining such items over the years. One fan wrote about their “12 Starfleet bears” and another about their “amazing tribble collection!” Convention going accounted for 97% of fan activities, and 2% of those responding shared their involvement as actors in either the Star Trek Experience or fan productions. Then came the responses related to memorabilia, DVDs, and novels – as 98% of fans went into great detail about their Trek libraries, DVD displays, or themed spaces filled with all kinds of Trek memorabilia. Perhaps the most impressive report of a themed space on this survey was the one fan that went into detail about having the china, blankets, and several wall murals in which they had hired a professional artist to come in and create original works in their home. 3    “It’s all about role play and autographs:” This was a big deal for 67% of fans wanting to share their Trekness! Action figure collecting was another biggie with 46% of fans boasting about their collections. Fans involved with Trek online in some way accounted for 97% of the participation discussions, while 1 % of the responses discussed how particular characters impacted their personal lives in some way, attracting them to the shows. To these fans, their involvement was focused on following specific characters and applying what they took from these role models to their daily lives. Another 48% of fans boasted grand “little model ship collections”, and convention going (including cruise mentions) was a favorite thing to do for 98% of those responding to this question. Art and fan fiction were popular as well, with 74% of fans responding reporting these as their activities of choice! Some interesting participation reported, for sure. Many fans also discussed their involvement as convention organizers or convention volunteers and one mentioned having founded a group called Genre Traveler. I am not certain that this is the same individual, but I did turn up a website for that name and it is pretty interesting, and worthy of sharing: http://www.thegenretraveler.com/. In addition, one fan described the personal Star Trek museum being built in their home. There are original costumes used on-screen, pre-production design art, and replica props on display. Another fan went on to discuss their interest in fandom being focused the appreciation of costume-making and the overall processes of creation in costuming and in the formation of fandom. Two fans wrote about their interest in the orchestral arrangements of Star Trek music, another collects costumes as a historian, and some just are silent fans enjoying Trek in their own personal (and private) ways. Not surprising were the number of educators reporting the use of Trek in the classroom at both the public school and higher educational levels, and this one I have to quote directly from the survey: “My husband and I host an annual ST party where we turn our house into Quark's Qantina. It takes me a year to prepare. I generally dress as a Klingon, a'Noi N'gurl, and belong to The Klingon Empire forum. My husband wears a different costume every year. This year he built a dabo table and devised a game to go with it. This year, we'll add Tongo. We have a huge collection of found Trek items as bar- and table-ware. The party website is www.quarksbarB.com.” As you can see, fans are participating in so many ways (both private and public) from simply enjoying Star Trek for its entertainment value to truly participating in (and creating) the messages that have made Trek mythos for our times. Star Trek’s Impact on a Personal Level So simple, yet so complex... This one got deep at times. 98% of those responding to this question about the impact of Star Trek on their personal lives provided extensive comments about friendships –some of the best and longest of their lives. No question about it, Star Trek brings folks together. Fans also have credited the relationships they have formed in fandom with assisting them with some of the most turbulent times of their lives. Something about Star Trek and Star Trek fans brings folks together to make life better on individual and community levels. I think that message has come through loud and clear throughout this survey. Trek has inspired so many personal friendships, community service efforts, and (the simplest thing of all) in 4    guiding fans to see that it just makes sense to just be there for each other through the good and not so good times. As for some of the other responses to this “impact” question, an incredible 1 % of respondents credit making a living through their involvement with Star Trek and state it’s a really fun way to pay the bills. On a deeper note, 17% describe how they have been compelled to make changes in their own behaviors as a result of the messages in Trek, while 11% also mentioned how much more Trek has made them think about diversity and how to treat others from all walks of life, and how to find value in each individual for what they are capable of contributing. There were many (19%) who credited Trek with helping them identify with (and manage) difficult situations in their own lives, another 67% also stated how they identified with specific characters that in- turn have led to very positive outcomes in their own lives, and then there is the 2% reporting that they became fans because they were involved in relationships with other fans and wanted to bond; now there is a happy outcome! To round this out, 9% responding said Trek had no impact at all on them personally; it is just great fun and has made for some great friends. Three individuals said that Star Trek was “a great replacement for religion.”, and a one fan quote I will leave you with on this question: “When I left the abusive marriage I ended up with four daughters to support. I turned to the Army to learn a trade and earn more than most women made in minimum wage jobs. I also had the idealistic hope that I could help the men who were going to Viet Nam by supporting the efforts from a stateside base. I felt the idealism that Star Trek gave about helping mankind and overcoming senseless war.” I think that really says it all about what fans are taking from Trek, new deeper ways to view themselves, others, and the world around them. Based on the responses, it is apparent that Star Trek is a real force with the ability to change lives, and to change communities. Again, this also supports the idea that fans want (and need) to participate in the myth and incorporate it into their daily lives in some way. The fan quote that seems to sum up the impact of Trek on lives, how Trek just generally may make us strive to be better in some way, “Having been so thoroughly socialized with Star Trek as I have been, I can't answer this question. It has become integrated into my values and beliefs, language, and every other aspect of my being. I believe it represents the better parts of myself.” Does Star Trek Influence Careers? Now how often do you see that?! Ah, a single fan responded by saying that Star Trek has inspired them to become an anthropologist! How cool is that?! Ok, I may be slightly biased, being both a Trek fan and anthropologist myself! Here is the quote from the response, a swell one at that: “I'm studying to become an anthropologist. Star Trek made me yearn to 'seek out new life and new civilizations'. Or to study them at least”. This question was a neat one on this survey, even though 41% of respondents reported no influence by Trek on their career paths. A small percent (12%) reported they were actors, writers, or involved in other areas of entertainment, including having worked for the now defunct Star Trek Experience. One quote that is a keeper to share was this professional that responded, “I are a professional Treklander.” Along these same lines, 2% of respondents shared similar comments about Trek not being a direct influence in their careers, but said that it was now an integral part of what they now did. One fan even commented on their fan interests leading them to not only a professional career, but the chance to have worked on several Trek series. 5    Trek and teamwork naturally go together… Numerous fans commented on how Star Trek showed them how to get along, and actually accomplish things in the working environment. One quote of note, “seeing a crew work together towards a common goal, showing each other mutual respect, where individuals operate in a role utilizing there specific talents, is inspiring.” A total of 62% of those responding to this question made related comments. Another 53% indicated that they followed careers in teaching or science, with another 43% stating they had pursued careers relating to science and technology. Several in the field of teaching also commented on how they utilize Star Trek in their classrooms. Teaching comments came from elementary school through college level professionals. To round out teamwork, 81% of respondents commented on the many ways in which Trek has influenced how they do their jobs, interact with employers, employees, or clients, as well as how it has affected how they maintain themselves on the job. Other interesting areas fans brought up included the fan who discussed how they became professional costumers and now earn most of their income through their development of themselves as a fabric artist! Another used their love for Trek to develop online outlets and homepages for fans and fandom, which led them to becoming a professional marketing consultant. Let’s not forget healthcare: 3 % responding said they became nurses. Finally, 17% of fans responding stated that though Star Trek did not directly influence their careers, it did inspire them to return to school to further their educations and advance in their current occupations. How Would You Define “Normal” For this Subculture? By far, this was one of the most difficult questions on this survey! It will forever be one of the most challenging questions to ever respond to, not only with respect to Star Trek fandom, but with respect to cultures in general. What is “normal”?! Well, in any culture, there are behaviors that are accepted and behaviors that are not accepted. Culture is defined as a set of behaviors and values that are passed on to each new generation. It is learned and shared. Behaviors (or memes) act like genes in that they are passed on. Therefore, they can be selected for or selected against. Behaviors deemed “deviant” or unacceptable in any culture will be weeded out. How cultures view particular behaviors can change over time as the culture changes. Trek fandom is no different. It functions like any other culture in that it grows and evolves, and over time can change what behaviors are deemed acceptable or unacceptable. What is normal then in this culture? That set of behaviors that is reflective of the values of the culture at the time it is studied. Let’s take a look at what fans who responded had to say. Of course many asked the question, “What is normal?” In fact, 46% of fans wrote this very question in their comments. In addition, another 31% stated there was no such thing as “normal”. As one might guess, this ran the spectrum from some who considered wearing costumes extreme to those who felt that all things in fandom were as long as one was still in touch with reality or did not do anything considered illegal by mainstream cultural laws. What follows is a summary of the comments provided.  17% felt that normal were people who are active in their community. 6      67% stated in some way that just watching the shows, and/ reading the novels, and/or wearing a t-shirt, and/or collecting merchandise was normal.  59% stated in some way that wearing costumes and/or attending conventions was normal.  17% stated that just watching the shows and films was normal.  81% made mention of community service, being active in their communities, or using their interest in Trek to make daily positive impacts in the lives of others, their families, or on the job was normal.  14% said that normal was represented by regular people who have jobs and families who simply like Trek to the point that they collect memorabilia and maybe attend the occasional convention.  29% stated that they felt that anything that constituted an obsessive fan in some way, was normal for fandom.  63% said it was normal is to apply Star Trek in one's daily thinking and actions, but not to allow it to become an obsession. “Normal is to appreciate Star Trek for all of it's wonderful qualities and it's impact on our culture today.”  79% stated that anything not obsessive in some way, living in the real world still, and being an all around good person, utilizing the values and ideals of Star Trek in some way constituted normal.  People with regular jobs and regular families who just happen to really like Star Trek.  91% of those responding also seemed to agree that it was normal to be an open minded individual.  3% of respondents stated that even using terms such as “normal” only create greater rifts between individuals.  78% stated that as long as a person was happy and no one was being hurt, then anything is normal.  77% of respondents commented along the lines of feeling that fans who were friendly and attracted to the brotherhood, there for socializing and realizing this is about being accepted, just as long as at the end of the day you know the difference between reality and fantasy and can hold a job defined normal.  63% of those responding to this question stated that normal was following, adopting, and/or applying IDIC (infinite diversity in infinite combinations)/Humanism in some way was normal.  “Normal is going on a star trek cruise and meeting doctors and lawyers and teachers and other professionals who have a life and just enjoy star trek.”  Interesting question. I quite often have to correct people in the difference between a 'Trekkie' and a 'Trekker'. When they call me a 'Trekkie', I say 'no, I don't live in my parents’ basement, I have a life, and do not need adult supervision, I am a 'trekker'.  11% said that being an “armchair” fan was normal.  67% commented that as long as a person was happy, it was not illegal, and did not harm anyone, then it was normal. 7     Quotes of Note: What Is Normal? 1. “Normal is not something that can be defined. How is wearing a Star Trek t-shirt and buying action figures any more normal or not than buying a sports jersey and athlete bobble head doll? But if you NEED a description, I guess normal is anyone who loves the show, learns from the messages that it tries to inspire, attends conventions from time to time and likes to share their love of the show with other fans, whether that be through wearing t-shirts or writing fanfic.” 2. As a well-informed outsider looking in, I *don't* think that it's the stereotype of the fat, unwashed loser in a Han Shot First shirt living in mom's basement. However, one can say that Trek--and sci-fi fandom in general--seems to attract an unusually large number of people who are not always readily accepted by mainstream society (I'm not necessarily saying this is fair; it is how things are, however). Because of this, I believe that most people involved in fandom are attracted to it more for the fringe benefits (social acceptance in various forms and degrees) than actual interest in the subjects at hand. Certainly they're both entranced by and simultaneously afraid of attention--what else is costuming about but getting notoriety without the emotional risk of having to put one's real self out there? 3. Whatever you, as a fan, like to do to promote your vision of Star Trek - as long as it doesn't harm others. There you have it. In summarizing this data, it is apparent that fans feel diversity in the culture is a positive thing, and in fact it is quite necessary. Cultures only thrive, grow, and evolve when there is diversity in behavior, values, and worldviews. For it is the role of the individual, the individuality, that allows for the growth and evolution, and therefore diversity is an integral part of a healthy culture. Internally, the culture maintains its divisions, as individuals with common ground, or those who are the most alike, tend to congregate together, separate from others. This is normal for any culture. Then there is the glue, the shared ideology, in this case it would be IDIC or Humanism. The culture of fandom has a strong sense of community and a strong sense of family, and maintains both, as well as the very fabric of the culture, by passing all of this on to future generations, and to all newcomers who migrate in. By doing so, the culture also is passing along information about what is deemed acceptable and unacceptable behavior, which in the case of Star Trek fandom, means really anything that is maintaining happiness and not causing harm to anyone else in the culture or in mainstream society, while stressing that it is important that individuals develop a sense of community both within and outside of the group is pretty much acceptable by the majority. Not everyone will agree, but everyone will find their own niche as they do in mainstream society, abiding by similar, unspoken yet understood, cultural guidelines.   8    How Would You Define “Deviant ” or “Extreme” For this Subculture? Perhaps just as challenging (as defining “normal”) was asking fans to define “deviant” behavior. Again, this is just as subjective as asking what is “normal”. So, here is a summary of responses and it is asked that readers keep in mind what has been discussed above with respect to culture. That said, here are the summarized numbers.  89% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as those who could not differentiate between reality and fantasy.  67% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as those who made Star Trek their entire world.  47% of respondents stated that deviance could be defined as those who dressed up.  39% of respondents stated that deviance could be defined as those who take on persona names or refer to themselves as any rank.  13% of respondents stated that fans producing fan films were considered to be deviant. * This was interesting since so many fans are attracted to the films and the films serve many purposes within the Star Trek mythos.  74% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as those individuals who were unable to maintain jobs and /or function in mainstream society.  4% of respondents defined deviance as fans who performed in themed bands.  9% of respondents stated that deviance could be defined as those who are obsessed with collecting memorabilia and/or stalking actors.  11% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as those who impose Trek in their daily lives when it is completely an inappropriate time or setting for which to bring it up.  One fan quote : “The people wearing uniforms in daily life, the ones who lack basic understanding of social norms, those who have no identity outside of the fandom.”  An interesting fan quote of note: “People who are closed to only one aspect of the Trek.”  79% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as those who lack the ability to know when to take the uniforms off and maintain a life outside of Trek , with other interests or social outlets, they do not know where the fantasy world ends, or when fan activities alienate you from family and friends.  91% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as anything that either harms another in some way within or outside of fandom, or is considered illegal.  2% stated that to them deviant behavior was evident when fans become self professed experts on Trek and attempt to harass other fans with their knowledge.  4% of respondents stated deviance could be defined as dressing in costume, and/ or decorating one’s home in a Trek theme, and/or dressing a pet.  3% stated deviance was anyone who named their child after a character or learned a fictitious language.  6% stated that treating Trek like a religion is deviant.  2% stated that fans who truly believe they are the character is deviant.  7% stated that the SLASH fiction is deviant – ( slash = the homoerotic works ).  19% stated that nitpickers were deviant, or those that were too rigid in how they defined Trek. 9     Quotes of note: How would you define deviant (or extreme)? 1. “What most would consider extreme behaviors, I think are harmless. Complete make- up/costumes, learning the languages, travelling for conventions/planning lives around conventions, modifying houses, vehicles, etc. are IMO simply akin to involvement in a hobby and one that requires more thought/imagination/creativity than for example NASCAR (go fast, turn left, buy the jacket)... I am sure there are examples of extremism like there are with other subcultures, like plastic surgery to appear like certain characters (ala Trekkies ) and I've seen articles on families who dress the parts in their everyday lives. Defined better, Extreme for this subculture is involvement in Trek to the lack of other interests.... (As Shatner said, & I quote; Get a life.).” 2. “Not sure for someone's extreme is normal to them it gives them an outlet to have fun and enjoy themselves.” 3. “A lot of what would be extreme for another fandom I think is 'normal' and almost 'expected' in Trek fandom! That's one of the things that makes it enjoyable.” 4. And perhaps the best way to summarize and close out the discussion on this question is this quote: “I haven't found a bad extreme and I'm happy about that. But good extremes could be extensive knowledge of a canon language, writing lengthy publications, devoting more than half the days in your week to Star Trek activity. I think it's pretty difficult to make a Trek obsession unhealthy.” There you have it. As stated above, {the culture of fandom has a strong sense of community and a strong sense of family, and maintains both, as well as the very fabric of the culture, by passing all of this on to future generations, and to all newcomers who migrate in. By doing so, the culture also is passing along information about what is deemed acceptable and unacceptable behavior, which in the case of Star Trek fandom, means really anything that is maintaining happiness and not causing harm to anyone else in the culture or in mainstream society, while stressing that it is important that individuals develop a sense of community both within and outside of the group is pretty much acceptable by the majority. Not everyone will agree, but everyone will find their own niche as they do in mainstream society, abiding by similar, unspoken yet understood, cultural guidelines.}   10    What would be considered “Deviant” or “Extreme” behavior in this society? After attempting to have fans, the members of this culture, give their definitions of the terms “normal” and “deviant” with respect to their culture, a more in-depth question was what was considered deviant behavior within their world. Much of what fans thought has already been expressed in the definition of terms question, so overlap here has been left out and other data that expanded on what behaviors were considered deviant that differed were reported.  97% of all respondents stated that anything considered criminal or illegal by mainstream cultural laws was deviant and not tolerated within this subculture.  2% stated that just “following along” or “following the crowd” was considered unacceptable behavior that would be discouraged.  11% said that any demonstration of a lack of respect for others and other cultures would be unacceptable.  88% of all respondents stated that anything that infringed upon the rights of another in any way would be considered deviant behavior. Anything demonstrating a lack of respect for another.  83% said that lack of an open mind to diversity or respect for differences of opinions on Trek, society, or politics and religion would be considered deviant behavior. Any displays of intolerance.  93% stated that violence, aggression, or any type of destructive behavior that caused harm was considered deviant.  91% stated that judging another, especially their expression of their interest in Trek was deviant and unacceptable.  1% stated that getting Trek facts wrong is deviant.  6% stated that pretending to be a better fan than someone else is deviant. Quotes of Note: What behavior would you consider deviant? 1. “I've heard of people who actually live like Klingons, speak to their kids only in Klingon, etc...that's pretty deviant, don't you think?” 2. “Embracing a deity to excuse bad human behavior...” 3. “Anything that takes it away from the purest ideals.” ( Trek itself being deviant). 4. “ I really do not know the norms of true involvement -- I suppose any behavior that brought dysfunction to the community (e.g. disruption) and dishonor upon the community.” 5. “Not sure. I think deviant behavior in this culture is pretty much the same as deviant behavior in the culture at large.” 11     That final quote may be one of the two which define deviance in this subculture. Since each member is also a member of mainstream society, they also have taken with them to Trek fandom the same rules they live by in mainstream society. This makes sense since participation/membership in Trek fandom means that a fan is living both their fan life and mainstream life simultaneously as the majority of an individual’s life is spent in mainstream society, incorporating their Trek to the daily life they lead. Trek fandom is not only participated in at a convention, it is a way of life and overlap in values is an expected result. What is deemed valued in mainstream society is also valued by Trek fandom. It also is very true that what is valued in Trek fandom reinforces and aids in the evolution of values in mainstream culture since many Trek fans attempt to incorporate the values of Trek into their daily lives and attempt to bring those to life in their daily interactions. As for the inner subculture, “deviance” tends not to be as much of an issue perhaps as it is in mainstream society. One fan stated, “To be perfectly honest, I have not observed any “deviant” behavior within the Star Trek society.” Deviance is certainly subjective, but it is clear that many Trek fans adhere to the norms of their fandom and may demonstrate heightened awareness and practice of mainstream values while participating in Trek fandom, as dictated by the values that govern Trek, minimizing deviant behavior within the subculture. That said, the next question asked fans to identify the norms of their society.   12    Please describe what you perceive to be the norms of this society Cultural norms are the social cues and behaviors in any group, or more formally, the rules that a group utilizes to indicate which behaviors, values, and attitudes are acceptable or not (inappropriate). They also aid in dictating how members of the group are to interact with one another. Those who do not follow the rules are oftentimes excluded. Cultural norms extend to include how to dress and speak. Through normal social discourse among members, norms are established and maintained. Cues can be verbal or non-verbal. As one enters a group and begins to participate, they are taught the rules. Those born into a group and raised in it are enculturated (or taught the rules from within). Those entering the group as outsiders coming in are taught the rules as they enter and are said to be acculturated, or taught the rules as they enter the group from another area or group. No real surprises from this question. Star Trek is about diversity and acceptance, and fans expect members of the fandom to both promote and follow these primary norms. Here is the breakdown of the results:  77% stated that community awareness or community service as well as responsibility to fellow fans were highly important.  89 % stated that promoting diversity and acceptance or being accepting of differences was extremely important.  21% stated that following Trek online and/or role playing was standard for participation.  46% stated that enjoying everything that is Star Trek was valued.  78% stated that it is simply to be a good person and following the general rules of mainstream society, respect the views of all fans, and be accepting and non- judgmental of fellow fans, as one fan put it, “Don’t be a dick.”.  57% stated it was deemed important to follow the ideals of Trek and/or to apply them in daily life somehow.  93% stated simply that respect for others and/or helping one another were extremely valued norms. Its all about IDIC.  11% stated it was important that fans knew the difference between reality and fantasy.  3% stated that behaving in a peaceful and open minded way is valued.  89% stated that respect, value of other people, societies, and the natural world was valued, as was giving back to others. Quotes of Note: Norms of Trek society 1. “Ability to balance respect, thoughtfulness and maturity with some requisite fangirling/boying. 2. “Trying to live life and relate with others keeping in mind Star Trek’s view of equal treatment for all, and nobody is better or more superior than any other human.” 13     3. “Being a good person. Being responsible.” 4. “In terms of the show, the practice of the Prime Directive and IDIC. Learning tact, discretion, and restraint, as well as introspection/appreciation for other points of view.” 5. “Trek fans -- the ones I prefer to associate with, at any rate -- are among the kindest, most generous individuals I've ever known. They give to their friends, to their communities, to their families. They know their own lives, and the differences between those lives and the fictional universe of Star Trek. They aspire to make things better, inspired by the brighter future the shows describe.” That final quote sums up the norms well for this culture. The Prime Directive acts as a non-interference guideline, meaning do not interfere with the practices of another culture, while IDIC (Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations) teaches that respect, community, generosity, acceptance, and having aspirations and goals to do good for ones self and the world are highly valued norms, all of which have been inspired for adoption by the shows. Which ideological selection would you choose given your perspective of this subculture? Ideology can be defined as a set of ideas encompassing the goals of an individual or group. It’s a comprehensive vision that is usually set forth by the dominant group of a society, a vision then taught to and shared by all members of the society. The goal of an ideology is to bring about change in the culture or to aid in conformity to social/cultural norms. Ideologies are normally recognized as political or religious, though other types also exist. This question set out to identify the primary ideology of fandom and to discover to what extent other ideologies may be present or perceived. The breakdown of responses was as follows:  IDIC (Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations) – 51%  Humanism – 45%  Christianity – 26 %  Other – 7% - the responses of atheism, agnosticism, or Buddhism (or elements of) were the two other responses offered.  32% stated that Christian values and the values they saw in Star Trek were the same. 14     Quotes of Note: Ideology and perspective of the subculture 1. “I believe that IDIC encapsulates all views, and that each can be applicable to our individual lives and goals, like many other religions be it Buddhism or Sanatana Dharma/Hinduism or Tao/Daoist traditions. We can find and apply each in terms of our own unique viewpoints.” 2. “ I think that it is a mishmash of ideological beliefs as everyone puts their own beliefs to the front.” 3. “I am a born again Christian. In Fandom I have met people from every walk of life. My personal motto is, ‘judge not lest ye be judged’.” “I truly believe that infinite diversity in infinite combination brings out the best of humanity in all of us.” 4. “Star Trek is very much about the empowerment of all kinds of human beings (and even alien races), mostly without the interference of religion or divine guidance, though it does intersect. The subject is mentioned and developed in many areas of the series', but it's not really crucial to the development of the human narratives and stands mainly apart and behind human purpose, exploration, development and diversity. These ideals I believe thoroughly permeate the subculture.” 5. “Too narrow, thanks. Don’t forget you are dealing with SF fans who are often quite thoughtful people. And besides, ‘stop sleepwalking and figure it out for yourself’ by definition is the absence of an –ism.’ 6. IDIC or to use a human expression it takes all kinds to make a world. Humanism and secularism because Roddenberry's vision was always that as a species we no longer need gods. He believed in humanity. Star Trek is indeed about ‘figuring it out for yourself’ and about believing in humanity. This is what the thoughtful fans have latched onto. IDIC and Humanism act as mirrors of our contemporary religions, a conglomeration of belief systems, meant to provoke thought. Star Trek eliminates the existence of a diety in the human world, but offers similar guidance for behaviors through both IDIC and Humanism. Star Trek could be said to represent an ideology that does in fact defy explanation or definition, for its ideology is anything that one does figure out for one’s self. The messages are so basic, so broad, and so encompassing of many systems, many beliefs, and packaged in such a way as to remove all bias while promoting self (the individual) and the whole (humanity). Star Trek ideology is designed to embrace all life forms, promote individuality, and respect for self and community. It encourages individual interpretation, individual growth, and therefore the betterment of humanity. All cultures must have guidelines for learning and growing, for the treatment of others, and for the maintenance of order. Star Trek is no different. It does indeed provide for individual learning and growing, the growth of the group, and does indeed dictate how all should be treated, and therefore through the ideological guidance of Star Trek, order is maintained and not only does the fandom culture thrive, so does mainstream culture since Trek also dictates that its ideological principles be carried out with each member of fandom into daily life for the overall betterment of all humanity.   15    Please select the term that best describes you as a member of this subculture Is there really a great debate in Trek fandom over the terms “Trekkie” and “Trekker”? What other ways do fans identify themselves? What’s in a term? How individuals refer to themselves and how individuals refer to other fans is of interest since much of mainstream culture perhaps does not know there are several terms for indentifying a member of this culture, and may not understand how the terms they are familiar with are actually used or defined through this group. Trek fans have several ways to identify themselves as both individuals or with respect the whole. Fans were offered several choices of terms, an option to explain their chosen term, and an option to provide their own along with an explanation if what they used did not appear in the choices offered. The breakdown was as follows: (* some terms were derived from “Trekkies” documentaries).  Trek fan – 30%  Trek enthusiast – 5%  Trekkie – 43 %  Trekker – 14%  Other – 8 % In many instances fans offered definitions of the terms they selected or offered as terms they preferred that were not listed. As expected, many definitions offered for many of these terms, indicating a difference in how fans perceived of both themselves and of fans. Trek Fan:   Defined in some way by all selecting this term as someone who watched the show occasionally, watched the show regularly but never went to conventions or collected merchandise, or as someone who has a general interest in one or more of the series and simply appreciates the social and/or entertainment value of Star Trek. Trek Enthusiast:    All stating this was their term of choice indicated that it was because the term meant someone who generally just liked and enjoyed Star Trek, responded to the ideology and/or values, and someone who had respect and/or appreciation for all the talented folks involved with Trek over the years, from fans to professionals. Trek was just fun and some here commented on how it was also useful to apply in life at times. They also felt this term described the extent to which they enjoyed the company of other fans. Some just enjoyed Trek actors – meeting them, listening to talks, or photographing them.     16    Trekkie:     7% of those selecting this term to identify themselves stated it was because they were fans of the original series and this term fit, as opposed to Trekker, the term they stated identified fans coming into fandom with Next Generation or beyond.  54% of those selecting this term stated it was because it was the best term to represent the most “hardcore” fan and this is the type of fan they felt they were.  34% stated that this was simply the accepted term for identifying any Trek fan.  5% stated that they did not feel that there was a negative connotation associated with this term, or despite that association, they felt it was still the best or most appropriate term, and felt that this term was best to describe how or to what extent they immersed themselves in a fantasy culture. Trekker:    7 % of those selecting this term did a similar thing, associated the term “Trekkie” with the original series fans, and this term with having come into fandom or having a favorite series that would be dated only back to Next Generation through Enterprise.  No surprise to see that 43% of those selecting this term stated it was because they did not feel they were “hardcore” or “extreme” fans.  45% of those selecting this term stated it was because they felt this was the most appropriate term to identify an adult who attended the occasional convention or not, bought some merchandise, or not, perhaps simply appreciated the shows, and was leading a regular daily life and was aware of their finances with respect to their interest in Trek.  5% selected this term simply because of the negative connotations associated with “Trekkie”. Other:    3% of respondents stated they had no term for themselves as fans, or felt term assignment was inappropriate or unwarranted, or have just moved on from their fandom days.  1% of respondents stated they were Star Trek Humanists, meaning a very strong personal attachment to the ideology depicted in Trek.  3 % of respondents stated they considered themselves to be general science fiction fans.  1% stated they were Terran. (See quotes of note below.) 17     Quotes of Note: Terms defining how fans see themselves 1. “I'm a Terran. This means I'm enough into Star Trek to have picked a species, it just happens to be my own... It means I will do anything/everything to get my hands on something mirror universe.. like that darn pin. :p I follow the Alliance beofre the Federation if I have a choice. None of this is literal, of course. It just defines Terran. It's not about slavery or domination, just a universe choice, so Trekkie and all that stuff.. It doesn't really apply, does it? If it has to, then I'm just a huge Trek fan, I guess.” 2. *The one exception to how most felt “Trekkie” or “Trekker” were associated with a particular time period, (original series or Next Generation – Enterprise) was this one fan. “I'm not a Trekker because that would mean I've been a fan since the 60's when it originated. I'm a Trekkie because I've only just recently became a fan, yet I can top anyone at McCoyology, for instance.” 3. “I love Star Trek, but to be honest, I am more interested in the human relationships between the characters. My fandom is of well-written scifi in general, so even if it's Trek, if it sucks, I won't watch it. I love the themes of adventure and exploration, and that is kind of how I live my life. I can live without Star Trek, but given the rubbish out there, I would rather watch old episodes of Star Trek and read poorly written fanfic than watch The Jersey Shore.” 4. Here is the quote from the 1 Star Trek Humanist fan: “I feel I have embraced the Secular Humanist ethos of Star Trek that Gene Roddenberry (&amp; others) imbued the Star Trek universe with as he created a vision of a future where humanity has evolved past a reliance on the supernatural to understand the world where humanity fully embraces the idea of a united Earth participating in a United Federation of Planets without any need for religion.” 5. “One who has loved Trek since before it was 'cool' and someone who talks about it too much in polite company. ...they're all basically the same thing? And I like the word 'Trekkie'. I'm guessing a 'Spiner' is someone who likes Brent Spiner? And, uh, WHY? If people really like him and watch Trek just because he's in it, then why aren't there 'Shatnerers' or 'Nimoyers' or I don't know what else. Or maybe there's something insanely attractive about him that no other actor can match. I have no clue, and now I'm depressed because I thought I understood Star Trek and now I don't.” That final line of that final quote is the key really. I hope the person writing that is not still depressed; there is no cause for that. It simply is an expected response in many instances when conducting such research. Informants are super in that they can tell you all about what they do and how, but the why is not always easy in being described. This data demonstrates a strong affinity for both group and individual identity, which was expected. As humans, we each long to belong to something, particularly our own culture. Its no different for Star Trek fans. Fans have selected terms which best define both their group affinity and “status” or “role” within 18    fandom, as well as terms which best define each of them as individuals, demonstrating how they have personalized their Trek experience. In the end, as one fan clearly pointed out, there really is no basis for the ongoing argument to decide whether or not the most appropriate term is “Trekkie” or “Trekker” or any other, since the head man himself resolved that long ago, ‘ “No, it's Trekkie... I should know, I invented the thing!’- Gene Roddenberry. 'Nuff said.” Do You Consider Yourself a Trek Purist? Or Existentialist? For the purposes of these questions the terms used have been defined as follows: “Purist” – Someone who holds a narrow view, judgmental view, of what Star Trek is, may define Trek as a religion, and firmly adheres to on screen canon – in some instances to the extent of judging all other Trek by the original series. (40%) “Existentialist” – Someone focused more on the individual or individual personalization of the Trek experience, more concerned with the human condition. Therefore, a fan more adaptable or flexible in their views on what Trek is, may view it more as progressive myth, or views Trek simply as entertainment or a social outlet. Therefore everything and anything can be Trek, including fan works. (60%) Purists  86% of those responding stated that Trek must remain true to the original vision, that Trek was defined as that which was created by Roddenberry, the original vision is their personal guidance and what it was in the beginning is what should remain, do not care for fan fiction or glorification of fan fiction in any form (includes slash), hate it when continuity is upset, 9% within this group stated they felt that Trek was a religion to them or served the same function for them, don’t care for having writers tamper with or ignore the established universe, some were flat out “annoyed” at any tampering with their perceived morals of Trek, and these many of these fans simply stated overall that they much preferred the original series canon or commented on which series caused them to become disinterested as it changed too much. 76% cut themselves off after the original series, 11% after Next Generation, 10% after Deep Space Nice, 3% hung in through at least Voyager. 11% of those responding stated that Trek should not be tampered with for financial reasons (profit), do not introduce contemporary colloquialism for purely commercial purposes, 3% of those responding stated that they were dissatisfied with the altering of established characters in the J.J. Abram’s film. 19     Quotes of Note: Trek purists 1. “I hated the new movie for example because is had the facts all wrong.” 2. “Well, I chose 'no', because I don't view Trek as a religion. But I do adhere to canon.” 3. “Religion? -no, but on screen canon only for me.” 4. “I tilt toward purism, though I'm a realist and loved the new movie. But I hated Enterprise and its thumbing its nose at Trek's history (character, political, military, historic, etc.)” 5. “Only items 'as broadcast' are cannon. Cut scenes aren't” 6. “Never read the novels. Some of them go against the series and films.” 7. “I liked STAR TREK” Perhaps one of the most interesting things resulting from this survey was the fact that so many fans paused to really give thought to how they have been thinking about Star Trek. Some answered one way in the Yes/No section, but then stated they were now unclear about their own positions and appreciated a moment to pause and reflect. Some indicated that this helped them to see that Star Trek was a great tool to aid in daily life, but perhaps since it was about diversity and critical thinking and analysis on an individual level, hat they perhaps needed to spend time reflecting and redefining how they defined what Trek was. It appears that 13% of fans responding to this question stated such effects, and another 3% stated that though they appreciate adherence to canon, they consider themselves flexible enough to enjoy some of the other changes made within the Trek universe. As one fan put it, “I embrace whatever aspect of Trek I choose”, and another stated that “Everyone experiences Star Trek differently.” Those two quotes really sum up this question and perhaps best explain the responses provided. Star Trek, like anything else, is indeed shared by a culture, but like anything else, it is subject to individual interpretation and application. Existentialists:  As expected, there was 100% consensus in responses. It came as no surprise to see that everyone in this category felt that Star Trek needed to change in order to evolve, that it needed to live up to its own IDIC philosophy, and that must continue to coevolve with mainstream culture in order to remain relevant. Fans in this category read the books and/or comics, played the games, watched what they wanted to with respect to each series or film, and many were involved in writing fan fiction or in producing fan films, while many others were fans of fan works. Anything was acceptable, since Trek can be many things to many people at any time. 20     Quotes of Note: Trek Existentialists 1. “ Trek is a vehicle for commentary. To stay relevant it must evolve as society evolves. Writers must have flexibility.” 2. “I like the idea that Trek can evolve or expand, and feel that Gene Roddenberry's own comments supporting that view are reasonable and forward-thinking.” 3. “I'm not 'purist' anything - IDIC :-]” 4. “Oh hell no! To me, canon is just a fun foundation to use for grounding. After that, I run free! Actually, people who are 100% stuck on canon kinda creep me out. They need to relax and just let stuff flow.” 5. “Roddenbbery abhored the idea of Star Trek as a religion - people who believe in strict cannon can't possbilby subscribe to IDIC.” 6. “I believe Trek is an evolving mythology.” 7. “I just enjoy the show.” 8. “It is many things to many people.” The final quote sums this up. As discussed above, Star Trek is indeed many things to many people. Fandom acts exactly like any other culture in that it has a good deal of diversity within it, which includes a good deal of diversity with respect to interests, beliefs, value interpretations, and overall worldviews. No real surprise to see that the majority of fans responding to these two questions considered themselves existentialists and spoke out about the diversity Trek not only promotes, but needs to maintain within itself in order to remain relevant and continue to evolve. Demographics of Note Sex:   Males – 43% Females – 57%. Despite the stereotype that science fiction is for men, women have been deeply involved in the genre for decades, and their presence in many aspects of science fiction has been on the rise for just as long, particularly once Star Trek came on the scene. Star Trek, despite some of the obvious sexism of the original series, has done quite a bit to inspire female fans. During the 1960’s and the feminist movement at that time, Trek empowered women. Today, many women credit their professional careers in the sciences, entertainment, medicine, the military, and more 21    with having been influenced in some way by Star Trek. Women were also part of the original driving force behind saving the original series and continue to join the fandom at an increasing rate. Relationship Status:   Married – 38% Single – 46% In a relationship – 16% This was a close one. Most fans still remain single, but that could be due to a host of factors. One could simply be the fact that the age ranges of many of the fans were younger than expected, leading to more fans responding being single. I do not believe this is in direct relationship to the stereotype of the single fan still living in their parents’ basement. The overwhelming majority of fandom is fairly well educated and stable. Age :   0-10 – 0% 11-20 – 11% 21-30 – 21% 31-40 – 14%, 41-50 – 34% 51-60 – 18% 60+ – 2% The age range was not what was expected: it was expected that a higher number of fans would fall into the 40+ range. The data is close though. Since the survey was circulated on Facebook and several other more youthful science fiction/ Star Trek related social networking and web sites, it can be speculated that this is what accounts for the data, as more fans under 40 were perhaps drawn to this via such sites. It could also represent a shift in the fandom (given the new film), which obviously brought in new fans, and many younger fans in particular. Additionally, Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, and Voyager, all drew in new fans who were younger during the initial runs of each series, remaining fans, and accounting for the age range seen in this data. This also supports the data reported for relationship status. Younger fans tend not to be married since many are pursuing educational or career goals and are more involved in life building stages. It makes sense that the above 40 groups accounted for more fans, since many have been fans since the original series first aired, or during the first run of syndication, and have grown up with Star Trek, remaining loyal due to the impact it has had on their lives.     22    Education Level:   Some HS – 4%, HS Grad – 11% Some college or other certification – 30 % AA – 6% BA(S)- 26% MA(S) – 16% PhD – 1% Other professional degree – 6% Given the data reported, there is support for inferring a younger fan group participating in the survey, with 45% still at early educational stages. 55% of respondents hold higher educational degrees, 7% with some sort of professional degree, supporting the image of the educated and informed Star Trek fan. Income :   <10,000 – 27% 11-20, 000 – 10% 21-30, 000 – 12% 31-40,000- 14% 41-50,000 – 10% 50,000 + - 32% Once again, income is consistent with other demographic data, and also appears to support a younger fan base reporting in this survey. As expected, the majority of fans reporting earn over $50, 000 annually, and following just behind is the group earning less than $10, 000 annually. A good distribution can be seen throughout the other groups, indicating that this group is younger, many may still be working towards educational or career goals, many could be feeling the impact of the current economy, and many are certainly in the professional earnings range as expected, again supporting the idea that fans are educated and informed. Country:    US – 76% Other – 24% (New Zealand, Greece, UK, Canada)   23    Why has Star Trek enjoyed such global appeal and longevity? It is obvious from what is currently known of fandom, and certainly from what this survey has brought to light, fans have often felt deep personal attachments to Star Trek and many attribute their occupations to having been influenced by the show and or a specific character. Beyond that, Star Trek clearly has led many fan groups to participate in a variety of community service projects. In some way, Star Trek has touched the lives of all of those involved in fandom and has propelled them to bring something of what they value in Star Trek to their daily lives. So Why Star Trek? Is it actually possible to understand why Star Trek has remained so attractive to so many on a global scale for the past 45 years? Many have attempted to offer explanations. This has to be the most elusive answer in the universe. This survey put the question to the fans in the hopes to , if not answer the question, at least gleam some insight as to what it is that is attracting individuals to Trek and what keeps them coming back for more across the globe. Is it possible to know the Star Trek phenomenon? The question was put to the fans and what follows is a summation of their responses. It is hoped that in some way it will allow for better comprehension of a highly complex phenomenon.  64% stated that they were attracted to the myth because it is a way of connecting people and a way for people to learn and grow through the messages, and to build a better world.  93% stated that acceptance, community building, and camaraderie are the secrets to Trek’s longevity.  42% stated how they saw IDIC in action through the Trek lens, which allows for it to be brought to life in the real world, the realness of Trek is attractive.  7% stated how Trek and its values allow even those who are marginalized in mainstream culture to find a place of acceptance.  94% stated that it was the messages of hope that accounted for the longevity of Trek.  34% stated Trek allows them to be entertained while also pondering the problems of daily life.  23% stated Trek allows them to build a better life for themselves by incorporating the values portrayed in the shows.  27% stated the appeal was due to how it teaches about real life issues and mirrors us.  67% stated that it was simply great entertainment and great storytelling.  77% stated that it was due to the messages of optimism, the story of humanity ,and of coming together to solve important problems as one species.  83% stated that it was the depiction of a peaceful and hopeful future that accounted for Trek’s success.  61% stated Trek’s appeal came from great writing, great stories, real characters, and great values that inspired people in their education, careers, or daily lives.  21% gave credit to the universal themes that touched all humans, and is compatible with already established values and world views.  71% gave credit to the notion that Trek was successful because of how it allows our imaginations to flow , allows us to find ways to explore ourselves and our world, allows us to tap into our inner creativity and find new ways of doing things.  2% appreciated the fact that Trek allows fans to express themselves through fanfic.  14% gave credit to IDIC  11% stated the success was simply because, as one fan put it, “Because it’s freakin’ awesome.” 24     Quotes of Note: Trek’s global appeal 1. “Optimism never goes out of style, optimism about our collective future.” 2. “Star Trek has global appeal because it's a world we all aspire to. It's realistic because it shows that there will always be war but it also presents something better like an end to world hunger with inventions like the replicators. It also shows the world something we have to continue to aspire to create without making it too easy so that we have to appreciate when we have finally achieved it.” 3. “It deals with issues important to humanity rather than to a specific region or race. It is universal in its meaning.” 4. “It is a universal story, about universal human issues, it makes it real.” 5. “Its use of metaphor, and the issues it addresses are timeless.” 6. “It’s a testament to what we COULD achieve.” Simply put, as long as the fans “keep it real” as one fan stated, Star Trek will always be with us. Even in the times when it has been absent from the airwaves, fans have found ways to remain involved. They have created their own fiction, films, and art work. They participate in community activities in Trek personas through clubs and conventions. They reach out on a global level to one another and attempt to put Trek into action in order to create a better world and a better future. Fans have been inspired to go into medicine, education, science, the military, and more in order to pursue and spread the ideals of Trek, to live the myth and live by the myth. Even those fans who live the simplest of lives strive for the same things. Star Trek is simply about humanity, it explores human issues that are universal, and by doing so it unites humans around the globe and continues to inspire them on many levels. Star Trek also offers each individual the ability to access, experience, and interpret the myth on a personal level. All of this is why Star Trek is still a powerful force and has allowed for the creation and evolution of a powerful fandom culture. Does the world still need Star Trek? Yet another difficult question to ask. Does Star Trek have that much influence on a global scale… On a local level? Why is it that many fans, when asked this question, nearly unanimously agreed that the world did indeed still need Star Trek? Star Trek represents modern myth, a myth which speaks at a universal level, addresses a universal audience, and allows itself to be individualized cross culturally, to be fully participated in, and presents hope to all that “read” it that each individual can indeed change their world, and the world around them. Myth explains the meaning which fans have assigned to both Star Trek and the archetype characters it has created; characters all can recognize and identify with. As myth, it acts as a model for all aspects of human behavior, all cultural practices, and ultimately assigns value to life. Star Trek is a futuristic or progressive mythos. As such, it acts as a secular myth for the contemporary times by providing cultural symbols and meanings that serve as a model for the formation of a distinct subculture, one that spans the globe. Given the significance fans have assigned to the meanings, messages, and ideologies or philosophies in Star Trek, and given how they have applied them to their personal lives, their communities, and the larger human realm, it can be inferred that there is a distinct 25    purpose that Star Trek serves as contemporary mythos. What follows are some of the quotes selected from the fan responses to this question. It should be noted that 6 % of respondents to this question stated that the world did not need/still need Star Trek, that Star Trek had run its course, great show, great stories, but not needed. 1. “The world will always need ST or something like it. It offers hope, and shows a prosperous and desirable future. It offers a universe of exploration and discovery that is absent from most modern society.” 2. “Perhaps now more than ever. The lessons presented (unintentionally to that end or not,) are still needed. Especially the ones regarding tolerance. Also the technological ideas in these scripts/books/stories can and have also inspired imaginations, dreams and desires These inspirations are what will lead us to make the Trek universe real. Or you could just say we all need the good, clean fun and hope.” 3. “Hope is always good ... Star Trek is now often a lone upbeat SF story in an increasingly dark vision of the future” 4. “Laughable!!! Of course!!! It is so much more than its individual series or actors, it embodies an affirmative view of the future and we can all use a dose of that.” 5. “Honestly if more people followed Star Trek and tried to adapt it to their own lives the world would be a better place because they would simply know how to be better people.” 6. “Well, need is a strong word. But Star Trek at its best does model ethical behavior in a way that seems more relevant and forward-looking than most religions, which can seem dogmatic, and even if they aren't dogmatic, tend to use metaphors from the past, rather than looking to the future. As the creative control of the shows moves further out from Roddenberry's original vision, we do need to be careful that the ethical core remains intact. Some episodes of later shows (e.g., on Enterprise, or most of Archer's reaction to the Xindi) strike me as moral and ethical betrayals of the values Star Trek traditionally espouses. But overall, Star Trek can still be a potent vehicle for modeling disseminating humanist, secular ethics. And that's a good thing, from my perspective.” 7. “The world will need Trek as long as the human condition remains as it has been all through history: fraught with conflict, narrow-mindedness, and confusion. Trek holds up ideals with which to resist the worst of the human condition and bring out the best in man.” 8. “. I think the world will always need Star Trek as an example of what a better world will be and what we can do as individuals to further the dream. I think there are very few humans who believe we are alone in the universe and we hope the First Contact will lead to that dream. I think the talents of the writers of science fiction from Isaac Assimov to Harlon Ellison, Ray Bradberry combined with the vision of Gene 26     Rodenberry have opened our minds and hearts to individual responsibilty, cultural morality and technical acheivements.” 9. “Well, obviously, given the extreme success of Abrams' film, there is still plenty of room in this world left for Trek. The new film opened up a path for many new viewers to learn the lessons and examples of society, both past and present, from the episodes of before. I think we need Trek in our world because it saves lives, it influences people to persue a career, and it teaches us how to be better people and to have something to live for, to be happy to have in our lives, even if its just something fun to watch. Trek is, perhaps, the most important article of cinema in human history.” 10. “Absolutly, from both a real point of view and just plain escapism.” 11. “More than ever. We need a dream to keep us looking forward and outward towards space for answers and eventually survival.” 12. “Yes, because it influenced the culture of the world so much during its run so far, and we can't let that end. Not for these new generations! And, if you'll excuse the pun, the next generation!” 13. “Yes. As long as there has been language, people have created myths and stories to explore the human condition and morality. Star Trek continues to be a powerful modern myth.” 14. “Hope is always good ... Star Trek is now often a lone upbeat SF story in an increasingly dark vision of the future.” 15. And perhaps the one quote that sums this question up best of all….. “I think the world will always need Star Trek as an example of what a better world will be and what we can do as individuals to further the dream. I think there are very few humans who believe we are alone in the universe and we hope the First Contact will lead to that dream. I think the talents of the writers of science fiction from Isaac Assimov to Harlon Ellison, Ray Bradberry combined with the vision of Gene Rodenberry have opened our minds and hearts to individual responsibilty, cultural morality and technical acheivements.” Does the world need Star Trek? Perhaps it does not NEED it, but it sure needs it according to the majority of fans that have expressed how they have seen the Trek impact on the individual, community, national, and international levels. People become kinder, more considerate, more accepting, more open to diversity, and are inspired by Star Trek (and by science fiction in general) to learn to be better individuals, better community members, and all around better humans all for the common global goal of reaching the utopian vision that is Star Trek. A hopeful mythos is a powerful cultural mirror and teacher. Star Trek is indeed a powerful cultural force around the globe, and it does indeed now impact the evolution of cultures on many levels.   27    Summary Star Trek fandom is unlike any other fandom phenomenon, surpassing any other popular culture fandom in terms of depth and breadth of both official and unofficial creations. In fact, Star Trek fandom pioneered and wrote the book for all subsequent fandom movements, a phenomenon largely limited previously to single celebrities such as singers, actors, or musical groups, and certainly did not build with fervor over a span of decades. The Star Trek franchise has been a central figure in American culture for forty five years, and is one of the few creations that can boast such a global following. Star Trek crosses cultural boundaries and has given birth to a highly complex fandom culture. Fans have been recreating Star Trek in their own image since 1969 in the form of fan films, fan literature, and fan art. Despite the mainstream and cross cultural impact of Star Trek, the culture of the fans remains the most misunderstood, misrepresented fandom culture to date. Star Trek fandom offers an arena for fans to share their interpretations concerning stories and characters and to more fully participate in the myth. Such participation strengthens the place of myth in their daily lives. Star Trek as modern myth possesses the power to bring meaning to life and to transform life according to all patterns inherent in myth. Based on the data from this survey it can be said that fandom culture is a celebration of that power and of the desire of fans to harness that power to change their world. Given the vibrant fandom, the diversity of this group, it will continue to grow, evolve, and thrive. Individuals will continue to grow, thrive, and evolve. Through fandom, Star Trek will continue to grow, evolve, and thrive. Through the Trek mythos, mainstream culture will also continue to grow, evolve, and thrive, and on a global scale, that is if the fandom has anything to say about it. It is evident that all that Star Trek is will be passed on via fandom to all future generations and the lessons and messages of the myth will continue to be learned. Star Trek fans span the globe and span every walk of life, every age group, every mainstream cultural or ethnic group. Star Trek fandom is a phenomenon like no other, it has been going strong nearly 45 years, and is certain to continue for many more. Starting with the first letter writing campaign to save the original series, fans have always been inspired to take action. Their inspiration? Why Star Trek of course! As made clear throughout this survey, fans are educated, informed, and active citizens. They have taken the meanings in Star Trek and have applied them in mainstream culture. They have certainly individualized the myth, but share a group ideology that binds fandom together, and across cultural lines. Star Trek fans are by their own definition are open minded, community oriented, and accepting people. They may not always agree on what Star Trek is or what terms they prefer to identify one another, but this only adds to the diversity within the group, and it certainly is diverse. They bring their backgrounds and mainstream experiences to fandom, interpret Star Trek and participate on both group and individual levels, and create an accepting culture where any fan can be free to participate as they see fit, where each fan can be heard and not be judged. As with any culture, there are expected rules for behavior, but as long as no one is harmed physically or verbally, and an environment of respect is maintained, order and peace are maintained. Star Trek fandom acts as good model for the direction many humans would like to see created today for contemporary society, as well as for a solid future so that humanity has a fighting chance to survive. Star Trek fandom aids in supporting the ongoing influences of Trek on creativity and education, allowing generations to continually experience the myth and carry on the messages while going on to become a well educated , caring, and contributing citizen in mainstream society. This is a widely diverse culture, as fandom incorporates all who wish to be a part of it. This diversity allows fandom to continue to grow, evolve, and thrive. It also continues to propel the evolution of Star Trek itself, while Star Trek aids in the growth and evolution of not only fandom, but of mainstream culture. 28  2011 Daryl Frazetti (edit: Todd Chaponot)