Hedwig Anneler was one of the first women to achieve a Ph.D. from the University of Bern, and her thesis was one of the first monographs dedicated to the Jewish military colony of Elephantine in Achaemenid Egypt, after most of the papyri had been edited in 1906 and 1911. J.H. Stadler traces the life of Hedwig Anneler (part I+II) and E.A. Knauf places Hedwig Anneler’s thesis in the context of Elephantine studies and the history of Israel (part III). Hedwig Anneler became a prolific writer. She fought against discrimination (of women and of Jews), iniquity, and violence. She died 1969, two years before Swiss women were granted the right to vote.

update: neuer Nachtrag: Schinkel und die Düsseldorfer Schule

Taking the example of the remarkable political career of Emmy Stradal, a political newcomer at the beginning of the First Austrian Republic who became an active and effective member of the Austrian parliament for the Pan-German People's Party between 1920 and 1923, this article investigates the emerging political culture of the country built out of the remains of the Habsburg Empire after 1918. It suggests that, while the whole interwar period has to be seen from the perspective of the destruction of democracy in the 1930s, the early 1920s can also be analysed as a period of opening up and searching for new political forms, as the existing parties had to adjust to both the altered position of the parliament and women's suffrage. The first part of the paper looks into Emmy Stradal's personal development as the middle-class wife of a senior government official and mother of four children and investigates her proto-feminist opinions, which were expressed in unpublished lite...

This thesis deals with the life and work of Stefi Kiesler focussing on her achievements in the field of literature and literary criticism. The estate of Stefi Kiesler in the Austrian Frederick and Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation in Vienna serves as main source. Additional material comes from archives like the Austrian National Library's Department of Manuscripts or the Exile Library of the Literaturhaus Wien. A large part of the material has never been published before. The introductory chapter reconstructs Stefi Kiesler's biography, summarizing the state of knowledge as well as pointing at gaps that require further research. The stations of her life are presented in four subchapters: birth in 1897 in Skoczów, studying in Vienna, living amidst artistic circles in Paris and eventually emigration to New York, where she lived and worked until her death in 1963. The thesis' main part deals with Stefi Kiesler focussing on the three aspects listed in the title: artist's wife – networker – writer. The relationship with her husband, the artist and architect Frederick Kiesler (1890-1965), is hard to evaluate due to the lack of corresponding sources. Comparisons with contemporaries like Gala Éluard Dalí, Agnes Gorky, Nelly van Doesburg and Jacqueline Lamba deliver insight into various attitudes of 20th century artists' wives. Her employment in the New York Public Library is closely described. The position as manager of the German and French Collection enabled her specifically during World War II to help numerous refugees from Europe. Among them were Friedrich Torberg, Mimi Grossberg and Hertha Pauli, to name just a few. Kiesler's literary estate is so far only rudimentarily accessible to researchers, which inhibits in-depth analysis. Picking out a few examples, this thesis provides an overview of the wide range of her literary doings, including typewriter-pictures, short stories, translations, an anthology about dreams in literature as well as a series of articles written for the German-Jewish journal Aufbau. Explanations concerning a literary award planned by Frederick Kiesler in honor of his wife complete this text.

Taking the example of the remarkable political career of Emmy Stradal, a political newcomer at the beginning of the First Austrian Republic who became an active and effective member of the Austrian parliament for the Pan-German People's Party between 1920 and 1923, this article investigates the emerging political culture of the country built out of the remains of the Habsburg Empire after 1918. It suggests that, while the whole interwar period has to be seen from the perspective of the destruction of democracy in the 1930s, the early 1920s can also be analysed as a period of opening up and searching for new political forms, as the existing parties had to adjust to both the altered position of the parliament and women's suffrage. The first part of the paper looks into Emmy Stradal's personal development as the middle-class wife of a senior government official and mother of four children and investigates her proto-feminist opinions, which were expressed in unpublished literary works and drew heavily on Nietzschean philosophy. The second part focuses on her political career within the Pan-German People's Party whose racial ideology of the Volksgemeinschaft combined aggressive anti-Semitism with the demand for Austrian union with Germany. It shows how Emmy Stradal tried to build alliances with women from other parties and sought to legitimise her demands for better funding of girl's education within the context of her party's anti-Semitic ideology. Key Words: Emmy Stradal, German nationalism, anti-Semitism, Pan-German People's Party, Austria, politics, girls' education, women's movement.

English version (for German version below): Between 1838 and 1840, Gottfried Semper was engaged in building the Dresden synagogue, a building with a Europe wide reception. At that time, Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem was obviously not in the foreground- neither as a model nor as a research object. It was not until 1849/50, when Semper was living in exile in Paris, that he began to write the "Vergleichende Baulehre" (Comparative Architectural Science). In the table of contents of this manuscript, which was prepared for printing but never published, there is to be found an indication that a chapter on the building type of the synagogue was planned. The topic 'Solomon's Temple' furthermore appears in most of the college scripts of Semper's students in Zurich. Right at the beginning of his lectures, he made it clear that a distinction has to be made between synagogue and temple, whereby by temple he meant the Solomonic temple or its successors. In the present chapter, the history of ideas of Solomon's Temple, admired by Semper, and its effects on his architectural concepts of material change theory (Stoffwechseltheorie) and clothing theory (Bekleidungstheorie) are traced. Deutsche Version: Zwischen 1838 und 1840 war Gottfried Semper mit der Errichtung der Dresdner Synagoge beschäftigt, einem Bau mit europaweiter Ausstrahlung. Dabei stand der Salomonische Tempel offenbar nicht im Vordergrund – weder als Modell noch als Forschungsobjekt. Erst 1849/50, als Semper im Exil in Paris lebte, begann er mit der Niederschrift der «Vergleichenden Baulehre». In der Inhaltsangabe zu diesem druckfertig ausgearbeiteten, aber nie publizierten Manuskript findet sich ein Hinweis darauf, dass dort ein Kapitel über den Bautypus der Synagoge geplant war. Das Thema «Salomonischer Tempel» erscheint ebenfalls in den meisten der Kollegnachschriften von Sempers Zürcher Studenten. Gleich zu Beginn seiner Vorlesungen machte er deutlich, dass zwischen Synagoge und Tempel zu unterscheiden sei, wobei er mit Tempel den Salomonischen Tempel oder seine Nachfolgebauten meinte. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ideengeschichte des von Semper bewunderten Salomonischen Tempels und dessen Auswirkungen auf seine architektonischen Konzepte der Stoffwechseltheorie und der Bekleidungstheorie nachgezeichnet.

Rainer Loose, Gustav Schübler (1787 – 1834), Professor für Naturgeschichte und Botanik in Tübingen (Contubernium, Bd. 90). Stuttgart: Steiner 2022. 247 S., 23 s/w und 12 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-515-13254-1. Geb. € 56,–