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1817, Remarks on the Daemon of Socrates
Como os dogmas dos antigos filósofos têm sido pouco entendidos desde a abolição de suas escolas, eles têm sido em sua maior parte grosseiramente pervertidos, ou ignorantemente contrariados. Nós temos um exemplo flagrante disso no que nos é transmitido por Platão e Xenophón a respeito do celebrado daemon de Sócrates, o qual na opinião geral tem sido de que ele era a prudência, previsão, ou a consciência de Sócrates, desacompanhado de qualquer agente sobrenatural. Os seguintes testemunhos de Platão, no entanto, não duvido, convencem o leitor inteligente que Sócrates acreditava firmemente que estava sob a proteção imediata de um poder superior ao homem, mas inferior a Deus; que este poder era um daemon, ou em linguagem moderna, um anjo guardião; e que ele não era apenas, como o Sr. Nares afirma, uma voz, mas era a voz de um daemon.
A partir de uma consideração interessada sobre a dita Questão Socrática, o presente estudo intenta delimitar, no escopo de seus últimos avanços, em que medida o testemunho de Aristófanes é decisivo para o entendimento da filosofia de Sócrates. Sem pretender uma fidelidade histórica excessiva, o que é de partida impossível a nós, cabe avaliar o papel que o filósofo desempenha em Nuvens – o que significa dizer, a princípio, mais precisamente: em que medida podemos ou não atestar que a personagem cômica de Sócrates diz de fato respeito ao Sócrates histórico. Palavras-chave: Aristófanes, Sócrates, comédia, filosofia.
2015
This article analyzes the layer of philosophical meanings that were superimposed on the term daímon (mythological in origin and rich in popular imagery) in the course of Greek Philosophy's development. The term and its significations are analyzed under three headings: 1) its usage in Hesiod and Heraclitus; 2) its relation to human physis and éthos (where Parmenides' and Democritus' views particularly stand out); 3) the meaning Socrates gave to it.Este artigo analisa a sobreposição filosófica que o termo daímon (originário do mito e denso em significações impostas pelo imaginário popular) recebeu no desenvolvimento histórico da Filosofia Grega. O termo e suas significações são analisadas em três tópicos: 1) O uso que dele fez Hesíodo e Heráclito; 2) Sua referência à physis e ao éthos humano (em que também se destaca o ponto de vista de Parmênides e de Demócrito); 3) O significado que lhe atribuiu Sócrates
2020, Sacrilegens
Este artigo busca compreender caso do daemon socrático em seu comentário à argumento de Ficino sobre o daemon socrático fundamenta sobre a mente humana. Neste sentido, analisamos seu comentário buscando clarificar suas ideias, noções e suas fontes médio Ficino ao argumentar acerca do daemon pessoal produz um argumento demonológico com associações à profético. Além disso, Ficino defende a noção do daemon enquanto mediador, guia e destino que se aproxima de sua magia natural apresentada no Palavras-chave: Sócrates; sabedoria antiga; furor divino; demonologia.
2012, Archai: Revista de Estudos sobre as Origens do Pensamento Ocidental
2020, Rangel Cerceau Netto
Resumo: Este estudo crítico trata da contribuição do livro de Thomas Mathews, The Clash of Gods, para as discussões iconográficas a respeito da figura de Cristo na arte e na arqueologia paleocristã, enfatizando seu papel historiográfico. Palavra-Chave: iconografia paleocristã, representações de Cristo, arte tardo-antiga Abstract: This critical study deals with the contribution of Thomas Mathews’ book, The Clash of Gods, to the iconographic discussions about the figure of Christ in early Christian art and archeology, emphasizing his historiographic role. Keywords: early Christian iconography, representation of Christ, late Antiquity art Recebido em: 27/07/2020 – Aceito em 15/08/2020
2014, Filosofia Unisinos
Primeira Parte-Sócrates apresenta sua defesa I O que vós, cidadão atenienses, haveis sentido, com o manejo dos meus acusadores, não sei; certo é que eu, devido a eles, quase me esquecia de mim mesmo, tão persuasivamente falavam. Contudo, não disseram, eu o afirmo, nada de verdadeiro. Mas, entre as muitas mentiras que divulgaram, uma, acima de todas, eu admiro: aquela pela qual disseram que deveis ter cuidado para não serdes enganados por mim, como homem hábil no falar. Mas, então, não se envergonham disto, de que logo seriam desmentidos por mim, com fatos, quando eu me apresentasse diante de vós, de nenhum modo hábil orador? Essa me parece a sua maior imprudência, se, todavia, não denominam "hábil no falar" aquele que diz a verdade. Porque, se dizem exatamente isso, poderei confessar que sou orador, não porém à sua maneira. Assim, pois, como acabei de dizer, pouco ou absolutamente nada disseram de verdade; mas, ao contrário, eu vo-la direi em toda a sua plenitude. Contudo, por Zeus, não ouvireis, por certo, cidadão atenienses, discursos enfeitados de locuções e de palavras, ou adornados como os deles, mas coisas ditas simplesmente com as palavras que me vieram à boca; pois estou certo de que é justo o que eu digo, e nenhum de vós espera outra coisa. Em verdade, nem conviria que eu, nesta idade, me apresentasse diante de vós, ó cidadãos, como um jovenzinho que estuda os seus discursos. E todavia, cidadãos atenienses, isso vos peço, vos suplico: se sentirdes que me defendo com os mesmos discursos com os quais costumo falas nas feiras, perto dos bancos, onde muitos de vós tendes ouvido, e em outros lugares, não vos espanteis por isso, nem provoqueis clamor. Porquanto, há o seguinte: é a primeira vez que me apresento diante de um tribunal, na idade de mais de setenta anos: por isso, sou quase estranho ao modo de falar aqui. Se eu fosse realmente um forasteiro, seu dúvida, perdoaríeis, se eu falasse na língua e maneira pelas quais tivesse sido
1999, Brain Research
HPLC analysis of the amino acid contents of the second- and third-order giant fibres at the giant synapse in the stellate ganglion of the squid Loligo vulgaris shows that there are significantly higher amounts of l-glutamate and l-aspartate in the second-order (presynaptic) fibre than in the third-order (postsynaptic) fibre. Immunocytochemical staining of sections of the ganglion with an antibody raised against l-glutamate produces specific positive staining in the synaptic region of the second-order fibre. In contrast, staining with antibodies raised against glutamate-receptors (mammalian GluR1 with GluR2/3) produces positive staining in the third-order fibre at the postsynaptic region. These data provide further evidence for the hypothesis that l-glutamate is an excitatory transmitter at the giant synapse.
Journal of Experimental Botany
1970, Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy
Revista de Administração Pública
Resumo A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver uma Escala de Intenção de Permanecer em Distanciamento Social (EIPDS) com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). O modelo teórico estabelece que as variáveis “atitudes”, “normas subjetivas” e “controle comportamental percebido” são preditoras da intenção de permanecer em distanciamento social (IPDS). O delineamento metodológico foi o de levantamento online com amostragem não probabilística. A pesquisa contou com 786 participantes brasileiros, majoritariamente residentes da região Sul do país. As variáveis da TCP explicaram 85% da variação da IPDS: normas subjetivas (β = 0,69), atitudes (β = 0,24) e controle comportamental percebido (β = 0,07). Os resultados evidenciam quais crenças subjacentes exercem influência sobre a formação da IPDS e podem servir às organizações públicas e privadas no processo de desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção e engajamento da população na adoção do comportamento de “permanecer em di...
2007
Recent advances in the microelectronics industry have led to increasing demand for on-line quality control throughout the entire fabrication process. The complexity of modern devices requires an increasing number of processing steps that amplifies the need for reliable inspection methods. It has become particularly important to develop techniques that quantify the residual stresses generated during each processing step. Localized stresses arising from defects at bonded interfaces can cause downstream processing failures. We conducted a broad range of experiments using controlled defects in order to better understand stresses that arise from bond defects. These defects consist of silicon dioxide ‘mesas’ that are patterned onto a silicon wafer that is subsequently bonded to a ‘smooth’ wafer. The defect dimensions were chosen to represent particles commonly found in a cleanroom. Each bonded pair was inspected using an infrared grey-field polariscope (IR-GFP) to obtain quantitative meas...
2011
2019, Forests
Coniferous forests cover the mountains in many parts of Central Asia and provide large potentials for dendroclimatic studies of past climate variability. However, to date, only a few tree-ring based climate reconstructions exist from this region. Here, we present a regional tree-ring chronology from the moisture-sensitive Zeravshan juniper (Juniperus seravschanica Kom.) from the Kuramin Range (Tajikistan) in western Central Asia, which is used to reveal past summer drought variability from 1650 to 2015 Common Era (CE). The chronology accounts for 40.5% of the variance of the June–July self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) during the instrumental period (1901 to 2012). Seven dry periods, including 1659–1696, 1705–1722, 1731–1741, 1758–1790, 1800–1842, 1860–1875, and 1931–1987, and five wet periods, including 1742–1752, 1843–1859, 1876–1913, 1921–1930, and 1988–2015, were identified. Good agreements between drought records from western and eastern Central Asia sugges...
2012, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
2007, European Psychiatry
ABDIMAS UNWAHAS
Penularan Covid-19 di Gresik menempati urutan ke-3 terbesar di Jawa Timur. Desa Mojogede, kecamatan Balongpanggang di kabupaten gresik merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan usia produktif tinggi, dimana resiko penularan pada usia tersebut sangat tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat desa Mojogede, sehingga mengurangi resiko penularan COVID-19 pada beberapa bulan kedepan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini ceramah dan diskusi menggunakan media video konferensi ZOOM kepada 25 peserta. Evaluasi hasil pemahaman menggunakan analisa uji t berpasangan. Berdasarakan uji tersebut tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (sig>0,05) hasil pretes dan postes, Namun, hasil postes (91,2%) lebih baik dibanding pretes (87,2%) sehingga terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat. Selain itu, penggunaan video konferensi harus memperhatikan kesiapan sinyal internet dari peserta sehingga kegiatan dapat berjalan efektif.Kata kunci : COVID-19 Video ...
2021
This bachelor's thesis analyses the phenomenon of foundations - bonyads in postrevolutionary Iran. The most prominent bonyads were founded during the Islamic revolution and were a transformation of already existing foundations that had been set up during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Today, they stand on the verge of formal and informal structures of the Iranian state. Based on the study of academic literature and selected sources, the author compares their contradictory roles: charitable activities and substituting of some of the functions of the Iranian welfare state versus informal intervening in politics through a vast network of economic activities outside the control of the Iranian governmental ministries. The thesis is based on a case study of one of the Iran's most important foundation Bonyad-e Mostaz'afan (Foundation of the Oppressed) and addresses the question of to what extent are bonyads charitable foundations and to what extent they play other, less ap...
International journal of health sciences
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic, highly contagious disease caused by the Bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads from person to person through air. Tuberculosis affects lungs majorly but also affects other parts of the body, such as brain, intestine, spine and kidney. The main cause for patient’s non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis therapy is ADRs of varying degrees of severity such as hepatotoxicity etc. Aim: This study aimed to provide proper understanding of Adverse drug reactions resulted due to Anti-TB drug therapy in TB patients based on various studies done on Anti-TB agents induced ADRs. Conclusion:Anti- Tuberculosisdrug (Anti-TB)could cause several ADRs both mild and severe types majority of ADR were wild, more attention is needed to prevent ADR and enhance current Anti-TB therapy. The study suggests that for more better in depth understanding and prevention of Anti-TB drug ADR many more studies with larger population is needed, also the current Anti-TB thera...
2020, Journal of the American Heart Association
Background Data comparing outcomes in heart failure ( HF ) across Asia are limited. We examined regional variation in mortality among patients with HF enrolled in the ASIAN ‐HF (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure) registry with separate analyses for those with reduced ejection fraction ( EF ; <40%) versus preserved EF (≥50%). Methods and Results The ASIAN ‐ HF registry is a prospective longitudinal study. Participants with symptomatic HF were recruited from 46 secondary care centers in 3 Asian regions: South Asia (India), Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore), and Northeast Asia (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China). Overall, 6480 patients aged >18 years with symptomatic HF were recruited (mean age: 61.6±13.3 years; 27% women; 81% with HF and reduced r EF ). The primary outcome was 1‐year all‐cause mortality. Striking regional variations in baseline characteristics and outcomes were observed. Regardless of HF type, Southeast A...
2005, Biophysical Journal
2021, Elisabeth health jurnal
2014, Training and Education in Professional Psychology
2015, Cloud Technology
Despite a growing adoption of cloud computing, law enforcement and the judicial system are unprepared to prosecute cloud-based crimes. This chapter illuminates legal problems in the United States for electronic discovery and digital forensics arising from cloud computing and argues that cloud computing challenges the process and product of electronic discovery. The researchers investigate how to obtain forensic evidence from cloud computing using the legal process by surveying the existing statues and recent cases applicable to cloud forensics. A hypothetical case study of child pornography being hosted in the Cloud illustrates the difficulty in acquiring evidence for cloud-related crimes. For the first time, a sample search warrant is presented that could be used in this case study, and which provides sample language for agents and prosecutors who wish to obtain a warrant authorizing the search and seizure of data from cloud computing environments. The chapter concludes by taking a...
2021, Archives of Medical Science
IntroductionPlantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain.(1) This condition was described as a degenerative syndrome associated with pain, lack of functionality and stiffness on the plantar fascia. The aim of the present study was to compare with ultrasound imaging (USI) the thickness and cross-sectional area of the intrinsic foot muscles between individuals with and without plantar fasciitis (PF).Material and methodsA total of 64 volunteers from 18 to 55 years were recruited for the present study. The sample was divided in two groups: A group, composed of participants diagnosed by PF (n = 32) and B group, composed by healthy participants (n = 32).ResultsUSI measurements for FBH CSA (p = 0.035) was decreasing showing statistically significant differences for the PF group, while the QP CSA (p = 0.40) was increasing reporting statistically significant differences for the PF group with respect the healthy group. The rest of the IFM did not show statistically significant...
2022, Agential Teleosemantics
The field of the philosophy of biology is flourishing in its aim to evaluate and rethink the view inherited from the previous century —the Modern Synthesis. Different research areas and theories have come to the fore in the last decades in order to account for different biological phenomena that, in the first instance, fall beyond the explanatory scope of the Modern Synthesis. This thesis is anchored and motivated by this revolt in the philosophy of biology. The central target in this context is the possibility of naturalizing teleology, a classical nightmare for the history of biology itself. This requires, principally, understanding the causes of teleological explanations without assuming an unfashioned backward causation of sorts. As the riddles of teleological explanations are about their temporal dimension, I analyze different temporal scales of biological processes: evolutionary, developmental, and physiological. The first one is the one defended in the context of the Modern Synthesis. As expected, one of the aims of this thesis is to evaluate the adequacy of an evolutionary account of teleological explanation. The scrutiny is negative. Evolutionary explanations in the context of the Modern Synthesis lack the necessary causal roots to naturalize teleology. Concerning the physiological scale, a long tradition pushed up by Kant and the organicist movement in the 20th century allows us to better understand how teleological explanations can be naturalized in physiological processes. The key notions in this temporal scale are self-organization and the re-cursive, looped character of physiological process. While the physiological scale may be suitably accounted for by contemporaries' views, such as Autonomous Systems Theory, different central teleological phenomena remain unexplained from a purely physiological perspective. In particular, different issues concerning the (adaptive) construction of organisms —such as plasticity, robustness, variation, novelty, and inheritance— deserve an ontogenetic analysis. The principal aim of this thesis is to provide a theory of teleological development that falls beyond the Modern Synthesis framework and is prompted by different insights from the history of biology. I call it Agential Teleosemantics. It rests on two central pillars. First, that developmental processes, beyond any gene-centered stance, can be understood in informational terms; i.e. developmental processes are about the interaction of developmental resources conveying biological information. The second ingredient is agentivity, namely the idea that development is regulated by an agentive system according to the adaptiveness of the phenotypic outcomes produced. The role of agency in Agential Teleosemantic is equivalent to the role of genes in the Modern Synthesis: it is responsible for explaining the order and the adaptive complexity in the living realm. The second target of this thesis regards the possibility of naturalizing intentional explanations in cognitive science. The central project involved in such an aim is known as teleosemantics. Classical teleosemantics however is etiological: it explains the teleofunctions of representational systems in terms of evolution- ary processes. The different disputes in the contemporary philosophy of biology provide two insights to analyze teleosemantics in cognitive science. First, the challenges against the Modern Synthesis must be extended to the evolutionary approach of etiological teleosemantics. Second, as Agential Teleosemantics suggests an alternative source for teleofunctions —ontogeny, I offer an attempt to integrate Agential Teleosemantics into cognitive science in order to provide an alternative teleosemantic project to understand intentional explanations in cognitive science.
2011, Frontiers in Psychology
2010
Pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu selaku mata pelajaran wajib di institusi pengajian tinggi telah dilaksanakan bertahun lamanya. Namun, keberkesanannya masih dipersoalkan khasnya bagi golongan pelajar antarabangsa yang kian bertambah berikutan dasar kerajaan ingin menjadikan Malaysia sebagai pusat pendidikan serantau. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dan mengkaji strategi yang digunakan oleh pelajar antarabangsa secara formal dan tidak formal dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu. Model Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa oleh Mohamed Amin (2000) telah diubah suai dan digunakan untuk memenuhi objektif kajian. Sampel kajian meliputi pelajar tahun pertama di Multimedia University, Cyberjaya. Kesemua peserta kajian ini telah mengikuti kursus Bahasa Kebangsaan (B) selama 14 minggu. Sebanyak 79 helai kertas soal selidik berjaya dikumpul dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Perisian Excel 2007 digunakan untuk memproses data dan SPSS versi ke-17 digunakan bagi tujuan analisis kuantitatif, khas...