The State of the Sudan Forests' Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture

The livelihood of the majority of rural population in the dry land Africa depends on forest and woodlands as a prime source of agricultural, fuel wood, as well as for non- timber forest products. The baobab tree Adansonia digitata is an important plant species for the rural inhabitants of western Sudan. The tree has edible fruit which is very rich in vitamin C also it has a number of other uses that include the use of leaves as vegetable, the seeds are use for preparing soft drink, the bark produced fiber which are used for rope making, the tree is a shelter for livestock and naturally hollow trunk are used for water storage. The baobab tree is adapted to the harsh and dry environment of western Sudan which makes it suitable for cultivation in environment characterized by sever drought, land degradation and over exploitation of the limited natural resources. Despite its well- recognized potential and high prices in the local market little attention has been given to this valuable fr...

2023

Dryland forests are ecologically and socioeconomically important. They contribute to livelihood diversification, food security, animal feed and shelter, and environmental conservation in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Sudan. Despite their importance, current findings show that multiple ecological, human, socio-economic, and policy factors have damaged these resources. As a result, undesirable consequences have been observed, such as food famine, land and water resource degradation, decline/loss of biodiversity, and contribution to global warming that affect the welfare of humans, plants, animals, and micro-organisms. This chapter briefly reviews the forest degradation in drylands Sudan with emphasis on its common causes, impacts, assessment methods, management intervention efforts, and potential future solutions. Given the current situation, there must be urgent combating efforts to manage Sudan's dryland forest resources properly. On the one hand, following prevention measures to essentially deal with the current causes thus prevent any further degradation of forest resources in dryland Sudan. On the other hand, there is an urgent need to address current degradation following appropriate and timely rehabilitation interventions. We also recommend adopting a serious monitoring and evaluation system within these combating efforts by applying the five common indicators for measuring forest degradation: biodiversity, productive functions, carbon storage, forest health, and protective functions.

The present study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the uses of forests in Dellanj Locality of SouthKordofan State, Sudan. Data were collcted from 50 respondents randomly selected from two villages(purposively seceted) based on availability of forests. A questionnaire was used to collect the primary data, while the secondary data were obtained from the relevant sources. The collected data were analyzed in form of frequency distribution, T-test, correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA).The study findings revealed that forests paly a vital role for respondents in the study area they totally dependent on forests in all aspects of life such as energy, shelter, food, medicine, and off farm source of income. T-test results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the male and female (in favor of male) in forests uses for the purpose of both fuel wood and grazing, where the T value reached (3.226, 2.836) respectively, significant at 0.05. No significant differences between males and females for forest uses regarding building materials, hunting, charcoal, furniture, trees product, furniture, entertainment and beekeeping, at 0.05 level. It is also revealed that there is a negative correlation statistically significant between respondent's income and forest's uses grazing and charcoal r = (-) 0.470 and (-) 0.396 respectively, at 0.01). It is alsorevealedthat there is negative correlation between respondent's income and forest uses for both building materials and entertainment r = (-) 0.347, (-) 0.294 respectively, at 0.05.The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that respondents occupations are significantly affect the forest s uses for fuel wood, building materials, grazing, hunting, charcoal, and entertainment, (F= 10.444, 4.818,7.186, 5.260, 2.928, 4.342) respectively,at 0.05. The study proposed some recommendations toensure the sustainability of forests products to meet the inhabitants needs and aspirations of both present and future generationsin the study area.

Asian Journal of …, 2012

Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(1): 53-57, 2012 ISSN: 2041-3890 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012 Submitted: October, 03, 2011 Accepted: November, 02, 2011 Published: January, 25, 2012 Corresponding Author: Amani A. Kobbail, College of Forestry and ...

Jebel Marra Area was carried out by the Jebel Marra Rural Development Project (JMRDP) which was implemented by the German Organization for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the Sudanese Forests National Corporation (FNC) with the participation of local inhabitants, during the period 1984 to 1994. The afforestation of these community forests was accomplished with complete reliance on the exotic tree species Eucalyptus citriodora at the expense of the indigenous ones. At the time of the study, there were two problems the first is that no extension service has been introduced to the farmers to develop the activity of community forestry since the termination of the project and the second is that farmers are adopting planting of exotic species at the expense of indigenous ones . Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the factors behind the preference of the exotic tree species at the expense of indigenous ones and to know how the activity was able to continue in the absence of extension services. The study was conducted during the period 2002-2003. It covered four localities in Greater Darfur State; namely, Nyertete, Tour, Mortagello and Beldong. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data in the study area. The secondary data were obtained from the FNC and JMRDP reports. Descriptive statistics, using frequency distribution and relative frequency distribution (as percentages), was used in the analysis of data and presentation of results. The main finding of the study was that the farmers prefer exotic tree species at the expense of indigenous ones because of their high market demand, high growth rate and that they occupy smaller areas than indigenous tree species. Moreover, the abundance of indigenous tree species in the surroundings did not encourage farmers to adopt planting them. The main conclusion of the study is that reliance on the exotic tree species is merely based on its market value irrespective of the scientific management of the communal forests. The study arrived at the recommendation that coordination between the FNC and the local farmers is very important for the sustainability of the activity of community forestry in Jebel Marra Area through the provision of extension services.

2014

The main objective of this study was to assess the role of El Rawashda Natural Forest Reserve as a natural rangeland and the impact of grazing in terms of deforestation and replacement of palatable species by unpalatable ones and the possibility of finding solutions to these problems. Two types of data were collected during the period 2008 – 2009 in this study; namely, primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through social survey as face-to-face interviews with pastoralists and local communities in the study area and by a field experiment on an area of 20 feddans (Feddan=0.42 ha.) affected by grazing in the forest. The experimental area was divided into 5 blocks, each block consisted of 4 treatments, namely, seeds of grass forage and Talih (Acacia seyal) broadcast just before autumn, seeding after disc ploughing, sowing using water harvesting technique and a control (no seeding).The secondary data were collected from the Range and Pasture Administration and the F...

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 2021

Documentation of medicinal plants utilization as an important non-timber forest resources are essential for their restoration and preservation. The present research aims to study the abundance of trees and shrubs in Azaza and Mokla forest in the Blue Nile state and to document their traditional use by two communities of Falata tribe living in the same locality. Field surveys were conducted during the period July-November in 2016 and 2017 following timed-meander survey method. Abundant, frequent, occasional, infrequent, and rare species were estimated. Ethnomedicinal data were collected using semistructured questionnaires. Documentation was taken from a total of 43 informants. 23 informants from Flata Willa in Amara Seraifa village which is located about 30 Km north of Roseires dam and 20 informants from Falata Odda who are displaced by the dam lake and now resettled in City3 which located south east of the dam lake. A total of 28 medicinal trees and shrubs were identified in the studied forests. The most utilized plant families were leguminosae followed by Malvaceae Apocynaceae, and Zygophyllaceae. The highest proportion of the medicinal plants are trees (68%) and the common treated diseases are stomach pain, respiratory inflammation, haemorrhoid, heart pain, uteritis, anemia, kidney disease, and dysentery. The study recommended further pharmacological and phytochemical research to study the efficiency of these plants to cure the diseases as well as sustainable management approach and proper conservation strategy to be integrated into forest management planning and activities for protection of the studied forests.

2014

ABSTRACT: Wild fruits collection contributes to farmers' income and provides employment to area people in drier seasons. Hence study investigates fruits collected quantities estimate the contribution of wild fruits to household income and livelihoods, determine the optimum combination that maximize fruits gross margin in each locality. The study was conducted in western sector localities of South Kordofan, which comprises Abyii, Elsalam, Elsanout, Lagawa, Elmerum and Keilack locality. 200 householders were selected purposively through field survey in 2013/2014 season.The data were analyzed via descriptive statistical analysis,linear programming,gross margin analysis and household economy approach. According to linear programming result, a total gross margin of wild fruits found to be SDG 22,993, and only five trees has entered and solved the optimal solution. The reallocation of resources of trees and optimum gross margin of cash income has changed by 15%. Which indicated an im...

2019

Forest Cover Loss (FCL) is considered one of the most critical environmental problem that devastates biodiversity, natural resources, affect food production and instigates food insecurity. The continuous rate of Sudan FCL in the last decades is alarming. This study assesses the potential of agroforestry as Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) remedy tool for Sudan's FCL in Tozi and Wad Al-Bashir forests in Sennar and Gedaref States respectively. Structured questionnaire, Key Informant Interview and on-the-spot assessment were used to collect primary data, where 179 respondents and 14 key informants were chosen purposively. Records from Sudan Forest National Corporation (FNC), Satellite-Images and literatures supplied Secondary data. The FCL was determined using Landsat-images of 1988-1998-2008-January-2018. The Primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, while Landsat-images were analyzed via supervised classification. Findings revealed that consistent but unpredictable magnitudes of FCL are taken place in the study areas with the communities encroaching the forests unabated. Encroached landed areas are mostly used for crops and animal farming, recreation, and nomadic activities with crops and animals accounts for more than 70%. Impacts of FCL had initiated farmlands, water and food contestations without evidence of robust plan to arrest FCL. An appropriate and robust Agroforestry framework has been developed for use in achieving FLR to check growing FCL. This study recommends collaborative effort between Sudan FNC and the local communities in Tozi and Wad Al-Bashir forests vicinities drive the adaptation of the Agroforestry System.