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2013, International Commission of Military History (ICMH), Technology and Warfare (Acta 2012, 38th Congress of Military History), Sofia University Press: Sofia, 2013, pp. 375-383 ISBN 9789540735337
In the last two decades, the expression “asymmetric warfare” has been generally adopted with an innovative dimension by the popular imagery to point out the disparity between military means (and tactics) used by conventional and unconventional forces in a low-intensity conflict. Hence, public opinion often links the “new” wars to two warfare phases – the insurgency and the counterinsurgency – not so truly “new” . It is no coincidence that principles to win these wars were identified since the end of the XIXth century , and they did not specifically concern military technology and its innovations. The aim of this paper is to highlight briefly the continuity lines among the most important counterinsurgency military doctrines , which pave the road for today’s doctrines. The focus will be on the cultural dimension, which is here supposed to be one of the main keys to achieve victory.
2019, Sello Editorial ESMIC
Recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq served as an impetus to create a new doctrinal approach suited to conduct expeditionary counterinsurgency operations in accordance with the exigencies of the contemporary operational environment. These arguably new tenets for operational design—enshrined in the U.S. Army/Marine Corps Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency—are, as demonstrated, carbon copies of the intellectual products of earlier thinkers and practitioners. This book, therefore, seeks to illuminate the canon of thought and practice on counterinsurgency that stretches back to the 18th century, critically assessing writings from different parts of the world, including Spain, France, Great Britain, present-day Germany, the United States and China, to name but a few. The purpose of this intellectual exercise is two-fold. The first aim is to show that counterinsurgency thinking and practice are cyclical. Theorists and practitioners such as those of the 20th century and onwards have only repeated what their predecessors had already discovered. The second is to provide a rational understanding of how and why different practices came about and in what context. Finally, the review throws a critical glance at the contemporary publications, arguing that much of the effort dedicated to devising the ultimate guide to counterinsurgency remains trapped on the operational level, sidelining not only other hierarchically superior levels such as that of policy and strategy but also some critical works such as those written by Carl von Clausewitz and Charles E. Callwell which could both expand and enrich the current understanding of what is perceived as an insurgency.
Shifting Paradigm of War: Hybrid Warfare, ed. Y. Özel- E. İnaltekin, İstanbul: Turkish National Defense University, 2017, pp. 23-30.
Chapter 8 presents a unique way for the military to think about power dynamics within a sociocultural system. Specifically, Chapter 8 invites military leaders and analysts to identify variables missing as opposed to what is present inside regional, ideological infused conflicts. Steffany Trofino’s chapter, “The Reverse Assessment of Asymmetric Warfare,” suggests the military can gain a foothold for leverage in a sociocultural system by understanding and identifying what insurgents are incapable of doing and then exploit that weakness or identified vulnerability to an advantage. She discusses issues ranging from power vacuums to providing social welfare. Trofino’s chapter also demonstrates the permeability of the boundaries of a sociocultural system, which may be composed of not only the local population, but also foreign entities seeking to influence a regional political system. Trofino’s chapter raises intriguing possibilities about where the boundaries of a sociocultural system should be drawn. For instance, should military planners and analysts define a sociocultural system as consisting of all the elements in-country (e.g., political institutions, military organizations, economics, etc.), or is there also value in considering influences that exist outside the country’s borders (e.g., foreign governments, corporations)? Trofino’s chapter invites the reader to consider how sociocultural systems are dynamic, fluid, and changing, it serves as a reminder for analysts to think “outside the box” and look at conflicts from the cultural context in which the conflict occurs, from the local perspective.
Insurgency taken in its broad form of asymmetric warfare referred to by contemporary generations as " unconventional " warfare, actually has been the most common type of military conflict in human history. 1 While commanders of " conventional " forces have long struggled to develop successful countermeasures to insurgents, the formal study of counterinsurgency is a twenty and twenty-first-century discipline in no small degree. Such research expanded significantly during the 1990s and increased exponentially after 9/11. The vast volume of work has some significant deficiencies in addition to a lack of consensus. The analysis herein addresses one of those weaknesses, the lack of discussion of the critical role played by the populations of third-party countries assisting in a counterinsurgency in a host nation. The focus is on the particular challenge for US counterinsurgency in light of the need to be successful militarily while maintaining the degree of support necessary in a democracy for continuing operations to a final victory. The scope of this challenge is apparent given the political/military defeats suffered by the United States in the Vietnam War (1956-1975) and France in the Algerian War (1954-1962) despite the fact their militaries did not suffer defeat on the battlefield. The analysis combines a historical approach concerning a broader set of social sciences to achieve a degree of sophistication equal to the task than previous attempts. The specific case studies employed are the American Indian Wars, the Philippine Insurgency, and
2006, Small Wars Journal
One of the most profound political-social developments affecting warfare and political violence is the nexus between state legitimacy and the type of warfare facing the United States today. The recently released Quadrennial Defense Review now recognizes that Irregular Warfare of the type we are now dealing with is based upon a challenge to the legitimacy of governance and the cultural identities it protects and propagates. Increasingly, the Department of Defense is calling upon the SOF community to step up in this war against cultural extremists that use organized violence to contest the legitimacy of governing institutions. To meet the growing expectations of Army SOF, we must rebalance our doctrinal foundations with emerging knowledge gained from interdisciplinary studies of the social sciences. The Irregular Warfare challenge mounted by our adversaries dictates an evolution in the understanding of conflict origination and our responses to it.
The state of conflict is a natural state of affairs, either between the individuals or between sovereign states. In any kind of conflict, power matters. Just like the one with a weapon is more likely to prevail over the unarmed, the military superpower is more likely to destroy the military dwarf. However, it is not impossible for the inferiors to prevail. The history of military confrontations is not lacking the examples when the inherently inferior forces managed to achieve victory over the superior. This happened regardless of the fact that the handicap of power between adversaries was assessed as 5:1. In this regard, the aim of this dissertation is to understand the logics behind the unexpected losses of the military superpowers when confronted with the deficient powers. Such losses are scrutinized through the prism of the asymmetric wars. The latter envisages analysis of the existing theories which intend to explain frequently ambiguous outcomes of the asymmetric wars. This thesis also aims to examine the modern notion of warfare and connect it to the existing theories of asymmetric conflicts. In the end, a suggestion on the essence of contemporary asymmetric wars has been made. The overall victory is predefined by a series of spatial victories in social psychological confrontation, where the support of people becomes the strategic resource.
2013, Connections, Vol. XI, No. 3
2008, Professor Manas Chatterji (ed.) Armed Forces and …
Please read if interested in coming to one of my talks this summer in Europe.
2024, Српско археолошко друштво.XLVII скупштина и годишњи скуп. Програм, извештаји и апстракти, Ниш, 30. мај – 1. јун 2024. године, (прир.) А. Црнобрња, В. Филиповић, Ниш 2024, 94.
В. Узелац: Златне фолије и други гробни прилози аварског ратничког гроба бр.6, Стубно место 9, Сомбор II, потез Шапоње, у: Српско археолошко друштво.XLVII скупштина и годишњи скуп. Програм, извештаји и апстракти, Ниш, 30. мај – 1. јун 2024. године, (прир.) А. Црнобрња, В. Филиповић, Ниш 2024, 94.
2024, EAC Occasional Paper
Michael Baales, Marcus Weidner & Manuel Zeiler (2024): Massacres in the Arnsberg Forest. Interdisciplinary research on the end-of-war crimes against forced labourers in the last days of the Second World War in Westphalia (western Germany). In: Alex Hale & Thomas Kersting: New Challenges. Archaeological Heritage Management and the Archaeology of the 18th to 20th centuries. EAC Occasional Paper 19. Namur, 97-104. In recent years, a historical reappraisal has been carried out of one of the worst crimes – outside of prisons and concentration camps – committed in Germany by the SS and Wehrmacht in the fi nal months of the Second World War: the massacre of 208 forced labourers in the Arnsberg Forest near Warstein and Meschede (Westphalia, western Germany) by SS-General Kammler’s “Division for Vengeance” in March 1945. The use of archaeological research methods allowed us to (1) pinpoint both the scenes of the crimes and the events, (2) recover and classify fi nds attributed to both the victims and the perpetrators, and (3) uncover and record concrete fi nds and features from when the atrocity occurred in their historical context, the period of the initial burial of the victims by US troops in May 1945 and their exhumation in 1964, with the aim of preserving them for future presentations. In den letzten Jahren wurde eines der schlimmsten Verbrechen – außerhalb von Gefängnissen und Konzentrationslagern –, das SS und Wehrmacht in den letzten Monaten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland verübten, historisch aufgearbeitet: das Massaker an 208 Zwangsarbeiter:innen im Arnsberger Wald bei Warstein und Meschede (Süd-Westfalen) durch die "Division zur Vergeltung" unter SS-General Kammler im März 1945. Die Anwendung archäologischer Forschungsmethoden ermöglichte es uns zudem, (1) die Tatorte und Ereignisse genau zu lokalisieren, (2) Funde zu bergen und zu klassifizieren, die sowohl den Opfern als auch den Tätern zugeschrieben werden können, und (3) konkrete Funde und Befunde aus der Zeit der Gräueltaten in ihrem historischen Kontext, der Zeit der Beisetzung der Opfer (veranlasst durch US-Truppen im Mai 1945) und ihrer Exhumierung im Jahr 1964, freizulegen und zu erfassen, um sie für zukünftige Präsentationen zu bewahren.
2022
Di dalam konsep sustainability, maka tiap perusahaan wajib menyusun laporan. Pelaporan tersebut bisa disebut dengan Laporan Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Reporting) yang merupakan pengungkapan dari tiga aspek kerja perusahaan, yakni lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi. Lalu Akuntansi Lingkungan (Environmental Accounting / EA) merupakan istilah yang berkaitan dengan dimasukkannya biaya lingkungan (environmental costs) ke dalam praktik akuntansi perusahaan atau lembaga pemerintah. Biaya lingkungan adalah dampak yang timbul dari sisi keuangan maupun non keuangan yang harus dipikul sebagai akibat dari kegiatan yang mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review yang dimana berisikan hasil penelitian dan kemudian dipublikasikan. Sustainable Reporting bertujuan memberikan informasi yang utuh dan terintegrasi kepada stakeholder dengan tujuan utamanya adalah untuk pertumbuhan dan keberlanjutan bisnis dalam jangka panjang. Sustainability and environmental accounting mulai dikembangkan dikarenakan menunjukkan komitmen terhadap keberlanjutan bisnis kepada para stakeholder, membantu mengintegrasikan sustainabilitas bisnis ke dalam strategi and operasi, meningkatkan relasi dengan para stakeholder utama dan lain lain.
2014, Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences
In the present research work effect of different treatments on physico-chemical and sensory properties of soymilk was studied. Also, effect of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sucrose and mango flavor on quality of soymilk was determined. Soymilk samples were prepared by three different methods. The control sample (sample A) was prepared as per the standard procedure reported in literature. The other two samples were prepared by slight modification in the process use for control sample preparation. Microwave treatment at 2450 MHz for 5 min prior to grinding was given in sample B. Sample C was prepared by giving autoclave treatment to the soaked soybeans and grinding was performed with the use of hot water. Among all the treatments autoclave treatment gave best quality soymilk (Sample C) with respect to flavor, taste and overall acceptability. The quality of soymilk (Sample C) was further improved by using 0.2% CMC with respect to viscosity and mouth feel. Also, mango flavored s...
2019, ESP-LAW
(ESP Law)which means English for specific purpose , which is taught in 4th semester of shariah and Law at International Islamic University, Islamabad. It helps to understand the language of common law , there are 300+ legal terminologies relating to the civil and common law. I am much obliged of Profeesor Khalid Nazir Sb that he had taught us in best way.
2022, TATAR ÇOCUK OYUNLARI Hareketli Oyunlar - İNCELEME | SÖZLÜK
Bu kitapta, günümüzde kadim Türk yurdu İdil-Ural bölgesinde varlıklarını sürdüren Kuzey Türklerinden Tatar boyu çocuklarının oynadığı “hareketli oyunlara” yer verilmiştir. İncelemesi yapılan bu oyunlar hareket işlevlerine göre kovalamacalı (40 oyun), koşmacalı-koşuşturmacalı (19 oyun), köşe-yer-eş kapmacalı (15 oyun), göz bağlamacalı (9 oyun), hedef almacalı (33 oyun), güç sınamacalı (17 oyun), ip atlamacalı (5 oyun), el tokatlamacalı (8 oyun), eş zamanlı hareket etmeceli (7 oyun), saklamacalı (10 oyun) ve koşullanmacalı (16 oyun) şeklinde on bir alt başlıkta sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmanın sonunda kullanılan oyun malzemesinden hareketle bir sözlük hazırlanmıştır. Sözlükte oyun adlarının tanımları yapılmaya çalışılmış, oyunlarda kullanılan oyun gereçlerinin, oyun terimlerinin ve özel ifadelerin açıklamaları verilmiştir. Tatar çocukları; anne babalarından, nine dedelerinden; hatta atalarının atalarından bir kültür mirası olarak devraldıkları bu oyunları zamanın değişen şartlarına uyum sağlayarak ister açık ister kapalı alanda olsun; evde, okulda, etkinlik salonunda ya da sahasında, avluda, kapı önlerinde, bahçede, parkta, meydanda, düzlükte, çayır-çimende, sokakta, mahallede; yani oyun oynamaya elverişli her yerde oynamaktadır. Bu oyunların bazıları çeşitli oyun gereçleriyle bazıları da gereçsiz olarak oynanmaktadır. Oyunların bir kısmı da yapılarında barındırdıkları atışma, türkü ve daha çok tekerlemelerle oynanmaktadır. Bu oyunların asıl amacı sosyalleşerek eğlenmek olsa da bununla birlikte öğrenme faktörü devreye girerek çocukların fiziksel ve zihinsel gelişimlerine katkı sağlamaktadır.
RECURSOS PARA MEDITAR EN EL EVANGELIO DE LA MISA Y PREPARAR LA HOMILÍA Domingo VI de Pascua (ciclo B) • DEL MISAL MENSUAL • BIBLIA DE NAVARRA (www.bibliadenavarra.blogspot.com) • PADRES DE LA IGLESIA (www.iveargentina.org) • FRANCISCO – Alocución a la hora del Ángelus • BENEDICTO XVI – Alocución a la hora del Ángelus • DIRECTORIO HOMILÉTICO – Congregación para el Culto Divino y la Disciplina de los Sacramentos • RANIERO CANTALAMESSA (www.cantalamessa.org) • PREGONES – La Compañía de María, Madre de los Sacerdotes • FLUVIUM (www.fluvium.org) • PALABRA Y VIDA (www.palabrayvida.com.ar) • BIBLIOTECA ALMUDÍ (www.almudi.org) ─ Homilías con textos de homilías pronunciadas por San Juan Pablo II ─ Homilía a cargo de D. Justo Luis Rodríguez Sánchez de Alva ─ Homilía basada en el Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica • HABLAR CON DIOS (www.hablarcondios.org) • Comentario del Evangelio por autores varios (www.evangeli.net) • EXAMEN DE CONCIENCIA PARA SACERDOTES – Gustavo Eugenio Elizondo Alanís *** Este subsidio ha sido preparado por La Compañía de María, Madre de los Sacerdotes, para ponerlo al servicio de los sacerdotes, como una ayuda para preparar la homilía dominical. Si desea recibirlo directamente a su correo, puede pedir suscripción a doctos.de.interes@gmail.com. Para recibirlo por WhatsApp: https://chat.whatsapp.com/BfPOpiv1Tp02zK168vOLMd.
The banking industry plays an important role in the economic development of a country. It supplies the lifeblood of the economy, i.e. finance, that supports and fosters growth in all the industries and thereby ensures economic development. The Indian banking industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. As a result of the first and second generation financial sector reforms, the Indian banking industry has witnessed radical changes and enormous growth during the last few years. In this context, a study has been undertaken to evaluate the financial performance of SBI, India's largest public sector bank, and ICICI, India's largest private sector bank, for the last five years from 2011-12 to 2015-16 using the CAMEL approach of analysing banks' performance. The study is based on secondary data sources and for this purpose, relevant data have been collected from the annual reports of the respective banks for the above-mentioned study period.
Technical Institutions play an irreplaceable role in national economic development and social development. With the rapid development of AICTE approved Technical Institutions and UGC approved universities in India; these are facing new challenges in managing teachers and promoting their quality. This paper aims to find the impact of teacher's competency on job performance with reference to work motivation. Based on the behavioral event interview and questionnaire methods, a four-dimension (i.e. basic quality, teaching ability, Latest Technology awareness and research capacity) competency model was proposed, the influence mechanism of competency on job performance was examined using empirical research. We found that there exists a significant positive correlation between the teachers' competency level, four dimensions and job performance in AICTE approved Technical Institutions and UGC approved universities, especially between research capacity, teaching ability, Latest Technology awareness and job performance. And work motivation plays a regulatory role in the interaction between the competency and job performance. This paper introduces the competency theory to the teacher management in AICTE approved. Technical Institutions and UGC approved universities, and gives some interesting findings.
2020, Археололгические Вести, 28
Crystal multifaceted bead from the settlement of Kartamyshevo-3 and contacts between the Middle Dnieper region and the Northern Black Sea littoral in the 6th–7th century A. V. Mastykova This paper considers the find of a large multifaceted bead from rock crystal found at the settlement of Kartamyshevo-3 of the Kolochino culture on the Upper Psel (Oboyansky District, Kursk Oblast). Crystal beads of this type are fairly widespread. They are known in the Northern Black Sea region, primarily in Crimea — in the eastern and south-western parts of the peninsula: in Kimmerian Bosporos, Suuk-Su, Skalistinskoye, Luchistoye, Almak-Dere, and Adym-Chokrak. In the Northern Caucasus it is Dyurso, Pashkovskaya 1 cemetery, Bzhid-1, Khabaz, and Bermamyt cemetery. In the Eastern Black Sea area, beads of the type under consideration have been reported from Abkhazia at the following sites: Armenian Atara, Shapka-Abgydzrakhu, Shapka-Alrakhu, Shapka-Apiancha, Shapka-Tserkovny Kholm-4, Chintaluk, Tsibilium-1 and Tsibilium-2. Largesize multifaceted beads from rock crystal were widespread in Central Europe: Zarzów/Sackrau II, Kiszombor, Hegykö, Viminacium, Holubice, as well as in Western Europe: Villeneuve au Châtelet, Stossen, Niederrospa, Basel-Kleinhüningen, Weingarten I, Altenerding, etc. On the basis of these parallels, the chronology of the crystal faceted beads is defined within the limits of the end of the 3rd / 4th to the second half of the 7th century. It seems that during the Hun period, in the last third of the 4th — last third of the 5th century, crystal beads of this type were used as a rare prestigious element of the ‘princely’ culture; they are encountered here as single examples probably due to their expensiveness. They become particularly distributed in the mid-5th — 6th century, and, moreover, they are recorded already in graves of the ‘middle class’. Most frequently, beads of this kind come from female burials, but they are known from male graves with swords where they may have served as sword-knots or, as many German archaeologists suppose, as magic pendants on the swords. Large multifaceted beads from rock crystal are provenient, probably, from the Mediterranean basin, but it is not ruled out that they are Sasanid imports. At least, part of them indeed can have been imported from India or Sasanid Iran, as suggested by finds of such beads in Central Asia at the burial grounds in the Syr-Darya basin and necropoleis of the Otrar oasis in Southern Kazakhstan. However in the Caucasus, they are widespread mostly in the western part of the region: Kabardino-Balkaria, Abkhazia, Lower Kuban, and the Black Sea coast of the Northern Caucasus, i.e. in the zone of the Byzantine influence. The Crimean, and perhaps the majority of the Central and West-European crystal beads, similarly to the Caucasian ones, are of Mediterranean provenance. The crystal multifaceted bead found at the site of Kartamyshevo-3 most probably came to the Middle Dnieper region due to contacts with South-Western Crimea in the last third of the 6th — first half of the 7th century
2021, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
2019, SSRN Electronic Journal
2010
The increasing demand for water all over the world calls for precision irrigation in agriculture, because irrigation accounts globally about 70 percent of all water withdrawal. Plant water status detection for advanced irrigation scheduling is frequently done by predawn leaf water potential (Ψ PD ) or leaf stomata conductance (gL) measurements. However, these measurements are time and labour consuming. A non-invasive approach for water status detection is the use of infrared thermography (IRT). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on two potted maize genotypes having different drought susceptibilities. In order to define the suitability of IRT measurements in terms of water status detection at maize, the IRT-based crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated and compared with simultaneously measured Ψ PD and gL data. Good correlations between CWSI data and gL (r 2 =0.699 to 0.86) as well as CWSI and Ψ PD (r 2 = 0.82 to 0.85) showed the potential of IRT for water status dete...
2016, Internet Policy Review
2022, Qori Islami Putri
Dalam mempelajari teori neurosains akan menambah wawasan seseorang untuk melakukan perubahan dilingkungan sekitanya. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan majemuk anak dalam mengembangkan pola pikir anak yang unik dengan kecerdasankecerdasan yang ada pada setiap anak.
2007, Journal of Investigative Medicine
2023, Revista medicina y ética
2015, viXra
This paper describes the importance of Neutrosophy Theory in order to find a method that could solve the uncertainties arising on discursive analysis.
2008, Behavioral Ecology