IOT Based Last Meter Smart Grid With Energy Theft Detection

ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 IOT Based Last Meter Smart Grid With Energy Theft Detection Riya Jacob1, Anju Babu2 M.tech Scholar, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Sahrdaya college of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur, India 1 Asst.Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Sahrdaya college of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur , India 2 Abstract: As the need of energy is increasing day to day, we know that now a days each sector make use of electricity. From lighting a blub to charge an automobile we are using electricity. Because of the increasing demand of energy it’s important to avoid the wastage of electricity. Here proposes some ways to control the usage of electricity and to detect the energy theft if occurs. By using a smart meter placed on home the daily consumption of electricity will be monitored and visualize to the consumer via mobile phone. Through this approach more customer participation takes place. Consumer can get full detail on his mobile including the monthly bill and respective consumption. It is also possible to switch off the equipments which consume more energy on peak time if our daily consumption crosses the normal limit. The details collected will also visualize to the distributor unit via web page. Hence the bill payment and disconnection procedures can be done through the IOT cloud. We may able to detect the energy theft location also in this proposed concept. The information regarding energy theft also gets passes to the distributor unit. It will help to control the energy usage of appliances remotely with an increased amount of accuracy and reduce the effort of human operator. There will be interaction from distributor side through a web page. Keywords: Smart grid, internet of things, last-meter, cloud, theft. not take into account the possibility that customers already have other smart home infrastructures. A smart grid is an I. INTRODUCTION electrical grid which includes a variety of an operational and The LAST-METER smart grid is the portion of the smart energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, grid closer to the home, and the one with which customers renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency interact. It allows a two-way data flow between customers resources. Electronic energy conditioning and control of the and electric utilities, transforming the “traditionally passive fabrication and distribution of the electricity are the end-users into active players” in the energy market. important facet of the smart grid. Smart meter is the portion Nontechnical customers need a simple way to control energy of the smart grid nearer to the home and one in which consumption and production, and to exchange power usage customer interact. Traditional power system involves huge data at the proper level of granularity with energy providers operational losses including the electricity theft. Electricity or distributors. From the point of view of market acceptance theft is a major concern in the distribution system. Advance and penetration, the last-meter smart grid is just one aspect Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in smart grid helps to reduce of the broader concept of smart home and smart buildings. the risk of power theft by accurate monitoring capabilities. The consequence of this consideration is that one can hardly IoT systems- a) Hardware section which includes the imagine a situation in which the consumer side of the smart sensors, actuators and the communication sections. b) grid and other smart home applications rely on different and Middleware is used to analyze the data received from the separate infrastructures or platforms. However, smart-grid sensors by doing necessary computations after storing it. architectures proposed in the literature typically focus on the IoT is used in smart homes, to monitor the environmental needs of power distributors to manage the complete power and security conditions of home and to control home grid. They reach customer’s premises with an ad-hoc appliances automatically. It is also used in providing utilities network of smart meters connected by General Packet Radio like energy via smart grid and smart metering. Service (GPRS) or sometimes, with a dedicated programmable logic controller (PLC) technology. They do All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 31  ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 A. Losses Due To Electricity Theft Power theft is an illegal way of taking the energy for different uses, which tends to a huge loss for beneficial companies. There are almost 25 billion of losses annually in the world. Losses can be computed by measuring the energy supplied, subtracting the actual amount of energy billed/paid. Electricity theft can perform through various methods like stealing electricity through bypassing a meter, tampering meters for low meter reading, Billing irregularities and unpaid bills. Different technical and nontechnical methods were introduced in the past to identify electricity stealing. Nontechnical techniques include finding out of the customers with questionable load profile. The periodic inspection can help to reduce the theft, but such measure needs huge manpower and large labor. It fails in most cases due to the dishonesty of the staffs. Fig.1: A High level approach on smart grid.[7] Another way of stealing electricity is meter tampering. Effect of such illegal activities will leads to shortage in Smart community framework consist the same, of any energy as well as economy of the country. So many works IoT systems. They are a) various sensors and things used in have done to detect the electricity theft in smart meter. the network, b) the connection of things whether its wired or Electricity theft in smart meter can be detected but theft in wireless, c) the digital data collected from the things or grid line is undetectable. This means, it is not easy to locate sensors, d) the processing, analysis of the data according to the exact theft location when theft happens in the consumer the application requirements, e) understanding the data and line. Since the grid line is open to air and extended to a long producing the findings, f) new services and actions are distance, it will be easy to hack for bypassing the electricity. created based on those findings and g) based on those, the Power theft detection in distribution line is the major topic things respond through actuators. and researches are going on to detect and control such theft. The fundamental point of the Internet of Things is to The smart homes are built by integrating three domains- empower things to be associated whenever, wherever, with the community domain, the home domain and the service anything and anybody in a perfect world utilizing any domain. The community domain is the connected network of way/organize and any administration. Web of Things is homes where the information from individual homes is another insurgency of the Internet. Items make themselves disseminated. The home domain consists of a continuous detectable and they acquire insight by settling on or real-time monitoring system to monitor the healthcare, empowering setting related choices, because of the way that security and environmental details. The service domain they can convey data about themselves. They can get to data works as a call center which comprises of a communication that has been amassed by different things, or they can be device to communicate with trusted parties like medical parts of complex administrations. The Internet Of Things team, fire or police department etc. The decisions are made (IOT) will convey a smarter grid to allow more information on the basis of sensor data and the call is made to service and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. provides or proper authorities through reliable Through the IOT, consumers, manufacturers and utility communication channel. providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. This paper organization is as follows: The related works done on smart grid is discussed in Section II. Section III put forward the proposed system architecture. Section IV describes about the system implementation of the system, it All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 32  ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 also evaluates the results provided by the implementation. monitor mobile sensors often have a low tolerance for data, The work is concluded in Section V. making these applications effectively real time. The added stress on a DBMS that must serve real-time applications II. BACKGROUND makes it imperative that the DBMS employ intelligent Claudio Borean (1). This paper aims on the fact with resource management and graceful degradation strategies improving the energy capacity of the whole home systems. during periods of high load. The project enhances allocations of value-added services Mitali Mahadev Raut (4). Smart grids are based on related on information exchange with energy usage, energy transmission between the provider and consumer. The grid consumption and energy tariffs in the home area network becomes overburden during peak times or seasons. With the (HAN).It enables users with information on household usage of smart grid technology consumer and owner gets consumption directly on the display of an appliance itself, on daily electricity consumption reading and owner can cut a Smartphone, or on their own computer. It ensures that electricity supply remotely through internet if bill is not consumers will be able to use their appliances in a “smart” paid. In case meter tempering is happened then owner and way by enhancing the energy efficiency of the entire home consumer is on micro switch is fitted in meter. This is to system. For instance, smart appliances can start functioning prevent meter tempering. The Internet of Things (IOT) will at non-peak times of day, in addition to Based Control and convey a smarter get message. Here consumer and provider Monitoring of Smart Grid and energy Theft Detection can access their data through internet. The main part of this cooperating to eliminate overloads. method is smart grid meter. Second feature of the smart grid S S Nagendra Kumar (2). Smart grid systems consisted of to collect more information and connectivity to whole digitally based sensing, communications, and control infrastructure and to homes. Through the IOT, consumers technologies and field devices that function to coordinate and producers can maintain resources and avoid the wastage different electric grid processes. When coming to power of money. theft, in earlier day the energy meters are analog, so the Agustin Zaballos (5) the current power grid is defined consumers use two permanent magnets which are place to as a system made of electrical generators, transformers, the meter so the disc is fixed and not able to make its transmission, and distribution lines used to deliver electricity rotation. This illegal way of theft can be reduced by using power to eventual users. Smart grid network control and digital meters. This method will predict the power theft by monitoring are very important features in order to provide identifying the area using smart meters and smart distributed generation and storage quality of service, and transformers. Smart transformer measure the total power security. It is carried out at high voltage only. This consumed. The each consumer smart meter sent the power communication paradigm achieves end-to-end integration of consumed by each consumer to the hub through zig-bee (P1, heterogeneous technologies by using the ubiquitous sensor P2, P3….).The power from sending end should be equal to network (USN) architecture and defining the interoperability receiving end. The raspberry pi will do this calculation, if with the next-generation network (NGN) as the smart grid the equation is not equal on both sides, the location of that backbone. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) consists area is sent to the respective officer messaging that there is a of smart meters, data management, communication network power theft. The Raspberry Pi can be used to automate a and applications. A geographic information system (GIS) smart grid at a relatively low cost. It works under IoT and a consumer information system (CIS) usually contribute concept. with tools and important processes. Don Carney Brown (3). Here it keep track of applications, Shu Lei, Wu Xiaoling (6) Heterogeneous sensor which will differ significantly from typical business data networks which are physically deployed in different places processing. Here monitoring applications get their data from sometimes need to be integrated over IP based wire/wireless external sources rather than from humans issuing networks into one virtual sensor networks to provide transactions. The aim of the DBMS in this theory is to meaningful services for users. Pervasive network which is warn humans when abnormal activity is estimated. considered as the next generation of current networks Monitoring applications have data management that expands requests us to integrate all kind of heterogeneous networks over some history of values reported in a stream. Most into one global network. monitoring applications are trigger-based. Most monitoring applications have real-time requirements. Applications that All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 33  ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 III. PROPOSED METHOD This paper develops a monitoring platform for IoT based smart grid system for three custom designed smart comes. In this section, system architecture for the proposed system is described along with a detailed description of the IoT communication protocol. A. System Architecture Here made planning for the last-meter smart grid that is implanted in a platform for the internet of things (IoT).It has four main advantages and elements with respect to the state of the artwork, each corresponding to the basic requirement of being “customer-centric” and ductile, in order to improve market acceptance and ease of deployment. Fig.3.block diagram Figure 3 represents the system block diagram on home unit. Voltage and current sensor is used for monitoring the energy consumption .data modem helps communicate between the distributor unit and home unit. For the peak time control relays and relay drivers are used. C. Energy theft Energy theft occurs mainly before the meter stages, with the help of smart grid we may able detect the energy theft by identifying the location. Smart transformer measure the total energy consumed i.e., total energy consumed at transformer (Ptot) by the consumer loads. The each consumer smart meter sent the power consumed by each consumer to the hub (P1, P2, P3….).The power from sending end should be equal to receiving end. Fig. 2: The Proposed Smart grid Architecture.[8] D.Web page at distribution center Constructing an web page which should be displayed at B. Smart meter at home. the KSEB unit. This page should be displays the consumer number, unit used, amount to the authority. There may gave Here it is implemented an in-home prototype on the IoT a choice to disconnect the electricity connection if the bill is platform, building dedicated hardware and software. This not paid .Also the connection get replenished after the bill first prototype only includes a data modem connected to the pays. IoT server through a IP gateway. The sensors are smart VI. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT plugs, placed between home appliances and a wall socket, and able to collect real-time power consumption data from 1. Hardware section the loads. Customers can have a visual feedback of their A. The power consumption unit energy consumption and can remotely control each load. Aim of this power monitoring system is to measure the While technology in on the upgrading slopes, we should also correct amount of power that is consumed by the customer note the increasing unethical activities. With a technical each instant of time. The power measurement unit is view, energy Theft is a non –ignorable crime that is highly connected on the consumer side as well as on the pole unit. prevented, and at the same time it directly affected the Instrument transformers are used to measure the power. economy of a nation. Electricity theft is informal, so it has to They are used for stepping down the current or voltage of a be completely eliminated. Power consumption and losses system to measurable values, such as 5A or 1A in the case of have to be closely observed so that the generated energy is a current transformers or 110V or 100V in the case of a utilized in a most systematic manner. The system prevents voltage transformer. the illegal usage of electricity. All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 34  ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 ATMEGA 328 microcontroller,, sensors like voltage A.2 .Hardware section and current ,LCD display ,relay drivers and relays are used for this set up .the daily power consumption will monitored and sensed from each equipment and get stored in the microcontroller, later it will be displayed on the consumers mobile phone by a web page. Hence consumer can able to control the consumption of his energy. B. Energy theft. By using transformers ,current sensors ,relays ,atmega328 ,setting up the model .the energy from transformer will be calculated by current sensor initially and later the consumed energy from each home get determined on comparing the results ,if we get equal value for both sides there didn’t occur any theft otherwise there occur theft on the variation of the calculation. we may also able identify the location were the theft has been takes place. The theft message was informed to the distributor through GSM module attached in the unit. C .Web page. B.1.simulation of power theft A web page was displayed in the distributor unit; if the consumer didn’t pay his electricity bill the authority can be able to disconnect his connection. After paying the bill the connection will be replenished. The connection and disconnection can be done through passing messages. Node Mcu unit is used to create the webpage. The message of disconnection will be passing through those modules and through a RF data modem the disconnection will occur. A.1..Simulation of power consumption 2. Software section A. PROTEUS The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool used primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards. Proteus is a tool that adds the environment simulation of electronic circuits, ISIS and the program to design printed circuit developed by English company LABCENTER electronics. The proteus design combines schematic capture, SPICE simulation circuits and PCB design to make a complete design of electronic system. Add to that the ability to simulate popular microcontrollers and run your current firmware and have a package that can dramatically reduce development time compared to a traditional design process. All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 35  ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2018 B. ARDUINO [2]. Kumar, SS Nagendra, S. Koteswara Rao, M. Suresh Raju, S. Trimurthu K. Sivaji, and T. Ram Manohar Reddy (2017) IoT Based Arduino is an open source PC equipment and Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by programming organization, venture, and client group that Locating Area plans and fabricates single-board microcontroller’s ec and [3]. Carney, Don, Uǧur Çetintemel, Mitch Cherniack, Christian Convey, microcontroller packs for building advanced gadgets and Sangdon Lee, Greg Seidman, Michael Stonebraker, Nesime Tatbul, andStan Zdonik(2002). "Monitoring streams: a new class of data intuitive articles that can detect and control questions in the applications." In Proceedings of the 28th international conference on physical world. The venture's items are circulated as open- Very Large Data Bases, pp. 215-226. VLDB Endowment. source equipment and programming, which are authorized [4]. Gubbi, Jayavardhana, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic, and under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or Marimuthu Palaniswami (2013) Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, the GNU General Public License (GPL), allowing the architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation produce of Arduino sheets and programming dissemination computer systems 29, no. 7, 1645-1660. by anybody. Arduino sheets are accessible industrially in [5]. Zaballos, Agustin, Alex Vallejo, and Josep M. Selga (2011) preassembled shape, or as do-it-without anyone's help (DIY) Heterogeneous communication architecture for the smart grid, IEEE packs. Arduino board outlines utilize an assortment of Network 25, no. 5. microchips and controllers. The sheets are outfitted with sets [6]. https://www.google.com.(PSEN slide share)accessed on 23-3-2018 of computerized and simple info/yield (I/O) sticks that might [7]. https://www.aeptexas.com/save/residential/SmartMeters accesed on be interfaced to different extension sheets (shields) and 23-3-2018 different circuits. The sheets highlight serial interchanges interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on a few BIOGRAPHY models, which are additionally utilized for stacking programs from PCs. The microcontrollers are normally First Author: 4th semester, M .Tech, Embedded systems, modified utilizing a vernacular of highlights from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, programming dialects C and C++. Sahrdaya college of engineering and technology kodakara, Kerala. V. CONCLUSION It was introduced an engineering, a usage, and an exhibit Second Author: Assistant Profesor , Project guide , of the Customer Domain of the keen matrix, in light of a Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering stage for the IoT that can have an expansive scope of ,Sahrdaya college of engineering and technology kodakara, brilliant home applications. Oddity in this field must be Kerala .she had a teaching experience of 5 years and 8 found in the structural idea, in the framework combination, months in programming .Also published 2 journals and in the prioritization of necessities. In this sense, this proposition has one of a kind focal points and components of oddity regarding the best in class, it is client driven, it limits the arrangement of specific shrewd lattice framework, and it use perhaps accessible brilliant home applications, sensors, and systems. This is key for a far reaching acknowledgment of keen lattice applications and hardware to be sent at home. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I want to express my thanks to my guide Asst .prof. Ms. Anju Babu, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering for her valuable advice and guidance towards this work. I received motivation, encouragement and hold up from her during the course of work. REFERENCES [1]. Borean, Claudio, Andrea Ricci, and Gabriele Merlonghi. (2011) "Energy@ home: A" user-centric" energy management system." Metering International 3:52. All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARTET 36