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quaderni di arabia antica 4 Alexia Pavan Michele Degli Esposti The urban shrine in Quarter A at Sumhuram Stratigraphy, Architecture, Material Culture «l ’erma» di bretschneider QUADERNI DI ARABIA ANTICA 1 - D. M ASCITELLI , ARABI: Arabs Recount Arabia Before Islam. Part I, 2015, pp. 51. 2 - A. A VANZINI , Ancient South Arabian within Semitic and Sabaic within Ancient South Arabian, 2015, pp. 38. 3 - C. C ONDOLUCI , M. D EGLI E SPOSTI , High places in Oman. The IMTO excavations of Bronze and Iron Age remains on Jabal Salut, with a contribution by C. Phillips, 2015, pp. 62 + 25 tavole fuori testo. 4 - A. P AVAN , M. D EGLI E SPOSTI , The urban shrine in Quarter A at Sumhuram. Stratigraphy, architecture, material culture, 2016, pp. 60 + 31 tavole fuori testo. Alexia Pavan Michele Degli Esposti S          « ’ erma» di bretschneider UADERNI DI ARABIA ANTICA 4 series directed by Alessandra Avanzini A LEXIA P AVAN , M ICHELE DEGLI E SPOSTI The urban shrine in Quarter A at Sumhuram. Stratigraphy, architecture, material culture Editing, page layout and cover: Alessandra Lombardi English text editor: Evan M. Rap © All pictures and drawings IMTO archive, unless indicated otherwise © Copyright 2016 «L’Erma» di Bretschneider Via Cassiodoro, 11 – 00193 Roma All rights reserved Pavan Alexia, Degli Esposti Michele, The urban shrine in Quarter A at Sumhuram. Stratigraphy, architecture, material culture / Alexia Pavan, Michele Degli Esposti - Roma : «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER 2016. - 60 p. + 31 tavole : ill ; 21 cm. (Quaderni di Arabia Antica ; 4) ISBN: 978-88-913-1141-2 (paperback) ISBN: 978-88-913-1147-4 (digital edition) CDD 953.91 1. Archeologia - Arabia Index 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. THE EXCAVATIONS: STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION Period 1 (Phases I-IV) 7 7KHFROODSVHRIWKH¿UVWVKULQH 12 Period 2 (Phases V-IX) 15 Period 3 (Phase X) 23 7KH¿QDOFROODSVH 24 3. SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND FURNISHING 26 4 Ձ$Ե5$0,,1)/8(1&($1'/2&$/$'$37$7,21 PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE SMALL FINDS 31 5. ADDITIONAL DATING EVIDENCE FROM POTTERY, STONE VESSELS AND COINS 35 POTTERY DESCRIPTIONS 37 STONE VESSELS DESCRIPTIONS 38 COINS DESCRIPTIONS (A.V. SEDOV) 39 6. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ON THE SHRINE’S CHRONOLOGY Period 1 (phases I-IV) 41 Period 2 (phase V-IX) 41 Period 3 (phase X) 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 3 7 CATALOGUE OF SMALL FINDS Stone and bronze statuary 44 Templar furnishing 45 Incense burners 45 Architectural Elements 48 Stone tools 50 Instrumenta 52 Personal adornments 52 Varia 54 BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 PLATES 59 1. Introduction In February 2008 a new urban shrine was discovered in the ancient South Arabian town of Sumhuram (Fig. 1). Its original layout comprised a small main room (A110) linked with a smaller, ancillary room to the north (A152), whose excavation was completed in 2010. De- cisive evidence was found to identify a real urban shrine, smaller but in a remarkably central SRVLWLRQLIFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHDOUHDG\NQRZQWHPSOHRI6ƯQLQ$UHD) 6HGRYD 7KHVKULQH is in fact located in the so-called Area A, south of the massive building named Monumental Building 1 (Fig. 2). The stratigraphy revealed within the shrine, reaching down to the earliest levels of the city, FOHDUO\LQGLFDWHVWZRPDLQSHULRGVRIRFFXSDWLRQHDFKFRPSULVLQJVHYHUDOVXESKDVHV¿QDOO\ followed by a late, more ephemeral occupation. FIGURE 1. The location of Sumhuram along the coast of South Arabia, and the main sites involved in the Indian Ocean trade (map by A. Lombardi). 5 IGURE 2. General plan of the city showing the different areas of excavation (Area A, B, F). 1: the XUEDQVKULQHWHPSOHRI6ƯQVRFDOOHG0RQXPHQWDO%XLOGLQJ KRVWLQJWKHZHOO VRFDOOHG Monumental Building 2 (plan A. Massa and S. Rossi). This stratigraphic and chronological sequence can be used as a reference for the general revi- sion work of the other excavated areas still in progress. It also mirrors the broad phasing that KDVEHHQPRUHUHFHQWO\SURSRVHGIRUWKHFLW\DVDZKROHDQGFRQ¿UPVWKHUHFHQWUHDVVHVVPHQW of the chronology made by Alessandra Avanzini (2014). Moreover, its excavation presented an assemblage that, though being quite common in terms of general typologies of the objects, is nevertheless noteworthy due to the stylistic peculiarities of WKHDUWHIDFWV$¿UVWGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHVHREMHFWVLVSUHVHQWHGKHUH 6