A Dictionary of Diyari, South Australia

A Dictionary of Diyari, South Australia Peter K. Austin A Dictionary of Diyari, South Australia © 2013 Peter K. Austin Department of Linguistics, SOAS, University of London Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom pa2@soas.ac.uk Preface Diyari is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by a few Dieri people living at various places in the north-east of South Australia and in Broken Hill, New South Wales. Although the language is no longer in regular use among Dieri families there is still a lot of knowledge about the language held by community members who are keen to see it preserved and passed on to younger generations. This book is a draft reference dictionary of Diyari based primarily on materials collected during my fieldwork on the language in 1974-77 and subsequent research. A companion grammar is also available, and a text collection is in preparation. This book will be revised and extended as further work on the language is undertaken, based on recordings made by myself and Luise Hercus in the 1970s, together with new materials provided by current speakers and Dieri community members. I dedicate this book to the Dieri karna. London and Canberra January 2013 Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the interest and help of the speakers of Diyari I worked with in the 1970s, together with members of the Dieri Aboriginal Corporation since 2010. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to the late Ben Murray, Rosa Warren and the Frieda Merrick who spent so much time teaching me Diyari and sharing with me their memories of “the old days”. I hope this book goes some way towards repaying their enthusiasm for their language. The Australian National University financed my fieldwork on Diyari and neighbouring languages from 1974 to 1977, and the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies provided a grant to check bibliographical resources at the Lutheran Archives, Adelaide. Work on this book has been carried out over many years, particularly while I was a Visiting Researcher at the Language Typology Research Centre, La Trobe University (February to June 2010) and the Australian National Dictionary Centre at the Australian National University, Canberra (January 2013). For sponsorship and financial support during these times I am grateful to Professor Randy La Polla (La Trobe) and Dr Amanda Laugesen and Professor Jane Simpson (ANU). I am also grateful to the Dieri Aboriginal Corporation for providing funds from their Indigenous Languages Support grant to provide replacement teaching for me for the period October 2012 to March 2013. My thanks to SOAS, University of London for granting me research leave for January-December 2010 and January-March 2013 which has provided me with time free for research. Bob Dixon introduced me to the study of Australian languages and supervised my PhD research on Diyari. Luise Hercus introduced me to the Dieri community and has been a constant guide over almost 40 years, tirelessly sharing with me her detailed knowledge of Aboriginal languages and traditions and the cultural and physical landscape of northern South Australia. Greg Wilson introduced me to members of the Dieri Aboriginal Corporation in 2010 and has been a constant source of advice and guidance, especially on applied linguistics and language teaching matters. Abbreviations and conventions - separates word roots and endings For part of speech specifications the following abbreviations are used: adj adjective adv adverb aux auxiliary verb int interjection n noun postinfl post-inflectional affix preddet predicate determiner pro pronoun vdi ditransitive verb vi intransitive verb vtr transitive verb Guide to pronunciation The following notes are intended as a guide to the approximate pronunciation of Diyari for the non-specialist reader. There is a more detailed technical discussion in the companion grammar. a is like u in English cut i is like i in English bit u is like oo in English book p, t, k, l, m, n, y and w can be pronounced as in English th is like th in English thin ty is like ch in English church lh and nh are pronounced like l and n, except with the tongue tip in the same position (touching the bottom and top teeth) as for th. The l in the English word health is like lh and the n in tenth is like nh ng is the single sound written an ng in English words like sing. It occurs at the begin- ning of words in Diyari and is sometimes difficult for English speakers to hear and say. Practise saying ngapa ‘water’ by adding apa to sing and then dividing off and dropping the si- ny is like n and y pronounced simultaneously, similar to ni in English onion r is like English (especially American English) r, as in barren r is pronounced as a very short d sound, similar to d between two vowels in English fast speech; Diyari kirri ‘intelligent’ sounds like English kiddy rr is a rolled r, like Scottish English rd is like English d but further back and with the tongue tip turned back slightly rl, rn and rt are like l, n and t except pronounced further back in the mouth with the tongue tip turned back slightly daka-rna diyari D - d daka-rna vtr. stab, stick, spear, punch, darnka-rna vtr. find. Note: idiom make (boomerang), grind (seed), kupa darnkarna (literally 'find a plait (string). child') for 'to give birth' dakatharri-rna vi. stab oneself, Nhandru ngantyayi kupa spear oneself. darnkarda purrilhali. She was about to give birth. daku n. sandhill. darra-rna vtr. kindle, light a fire. dalki-rna ve. disobey. Note: takes See: thurru. locative case-marked complement nhawu dalkiyi darri n. step (noise). pulangu ya nhungkarni darurdarru n. seagull. Laridae sp.. ngandrinhi His disobeyed them and his mother. daltyi n. rattle. daltyinga-rna vi. make a rattling noise. dama-rna vtr. cut. nganthi dawa-rna vtr. hunt away. damarna nhayipali Cut the dawardawa-rna vtr. prevent. meat with a knife. dika-rna vdi. call, name. Thanali damatharri-rna vi. cut oneself. dikayi nhinha Frome karirri. dampu adj. round. They call it the Frome Creek. danga-rna vtr. chase away, hunt dityi n. sun, day. See: kalkawarra. away. Yara wapanimayi, thurararna, dangardangarna. Come over thangkuthangkuparna here and hunt (him) away. wapalha, dityitha yarlawa danthu adj. soft. nhawu durnkarnanthu, waparnanhilha (They) slept to dapa n. sick, ill, sore. go in the morning, going before dapari-rna vi. be wounded, be sick. the sun had come up over there. yini daparirna warayi dityi thandra n. star. wardayari yinha damarna warayi You were wounded dityi waka n. star. where you were cut. diya-rna vtr. pelt, hit with missile. darla n. skin. diyari n. Diyari. name of language and darlku adj. clear. group. See: ngamini. diyari yathamayi Speak Diyari! darni-rna vi. bid farewell to, say nganhi diyari yathayi goodbye. Note: person one says yingkangu I talk to you in goodbye to is in the locative case Diyari. dukara-rna kalkawarra dukara-rna vtr. take out, take off. ya durnkinga-rna vi. come out going kartiwarru partyarna past. mandrandru dukararna And durnkalka-rna vtr. take out, bring took all the kartiwarru lizard out out. of (his) stomach. Nhulu durru adj. hemispherical. dukararnda purriyi yingkangu yatharnda purrilhali. He would take it off to speak to you. Ngardanhi mara winmarnda purriyi, darla partyarnda dukararnda purrirndanhi. Then (I) put my hand in (the boiling water) and took off all the skin. Dup- redup. reduplication. thariyali nganthi warduwardungankarna, thariyali waniyi, thayilha Breaking up the meat, the young man began to eat (it). durlkaninha n. Dulkanina Station. durlkurru n. swamp. durnka-rna vi. emerge, come out, go out, rise (of sun or moon). Yeah, nhawu durnkingayi kupakupa purirnda purrirnda. Yes, he came out falling down. K - k -ka postinfl. specific reference post- kalapa-rna vtr. answer. thariyali inflectional suffix. kakuya kalapayi The young man kardiya thurru yarkiyi answered (her). nhawuka warritha "That is my kaldra n. kind of necklet. sister and brother-in-law's fire kaldra n. sound of human voices in burning far off." distance. kaka n. uncle, mother's brother, kaldri adj. salty. father's sister's husband. See: papa. ngapa kaldri n. alcohol, beer. Note: literally 'salty water' kaku n. older sister. See: nhiyi; ngathata. kalhu Variant: kadlhu. n. liver. kalkawarra n. evening. See: dityi; thinka. kalta kapirri kalta n. blue-tongue lizard. Tiliqua sp.. kantyi part. can, could. Kantyi mindriya nhani nhakaldra nhawu wakararnanhi. She could have run (the distance) if he had come back again. kanungka Variant: kadnungka. n. spectacled hare wallaby. Lagorchestes conspicillatus. kalthi n. spear. tharkayi nhawu kalthinthu karna The man is standing with a spear. kami n. grandmother, father's mother. See: ngardarda; kanhini. kanangarra n. seed of manyurra . kanya n. ash of fire. kandru n. snore. kanyangarri n. jail. kandrunga-rna vi. snore. kanyangarriyanganka-rna vtr. kangu n. sweat. make go to jail. Yini nhakaldra wakararnanhi, kangu ngaka-rna vi. sweat. ngathu marlarlu yinha kanhini Variant: kadnhini. n. kanyangarriyangankalha grandmother, mother's mother. nganayi. 'If you come again, See: ngardarda; thanthi; kami. I'll truly put you in jail.'. kani Variant: kadni. n. stumpy-tail kaparra n. boss, root. See: mayatha. lizard. bluetongue lizard, kaparramaranha n. Kopperamanna. shingleback. Tiliqua rugosa. ya kardiyali wama ya kapirri ya kaparrawu int. come here! kadni nandrayi And the kapawu int. look out! brother-in-law killed carpet kapi n. egg. miri kariyamayi snake, and goanna, and frill- warlaya, kapi manilha "Climb necked lizard. up above to the nest to get the eggs!" kapirri n. goanna. Varanus gouldii. ya kardiyali wama ya kapirri ya kadni nandrayi And the brother-in-law killed carpet kanku n. boy. See: mankarra; thari. snake, and goanna, and frill- necked lizard. kanpu n. booming sound. kanpunga-rna vi. make a booming sound. kantha n. grass, herbiage. kantu n. wallaby. Macropus species. kapitha karlarla kapitha n. bandicoot. kardarrungka n. sulphur-crested Peramelemorphia. cockatoo. Cacatua galerita. kapurra n. armpit. kara part. perhaps, maybe. yini kara wapalha nganayi nhingki yara ngalantha nhingki yara waparnanhi Maybe you go that way and we go this way. karakara n. close, nearby. nhayirna karakara first thurru nhulu kardi n. brother-in-law, sister's pularni, wardayari pula husband. ya kankuyali thurararna parlkarnanhi, pakarna ngantyayi wapalha thupu nhayirna kakunhi yarla kakunhi thangkuthangkuparna At first kardinhi And a boy also wanted (he) saw their fire close by where to go together with his elder sister they were sleeping as they went and brother-in-law. along, watching the smoke in the kari-rna vi. climb, climb on. Note: morning. Pula wakarayi place climbed is in locative case nhantuyali, thana mankarra Nhawu muntharlu karirna pirkirnanhi pakarna tharayi. He climbed up alone. karakaraldramatha. They came on horseback, right close to kari-rna vtr. follow, chase. where the girls were playing. karirri n. creek, river. Ngayani karari n. today, now, soon. pirkirna karirranhi nhaka. See: thangkuparna; We were playing in the creek waldrawirti. walya there. karlkamayi, karari wama karka-rna vi. call, call out to. Note: thayilha "Wait a while to eat person called is in locative case carpet snake (later) today." karkakarka-rna vtr. invite. kararru n. moiety name. matrilineal karku n. red ochre. See: paru. moiety inherited from mother. karla adj. empty. See: mathari. karlarla adv. in turn, in return. karlathurra katithandra karlathurra n. Australian bustard, karta n. crack (noise). wild turkey. Ardeotis australis. kartanga-rna vi. make a cracking noise. karti adj. raw, unripe. kartiwarru n. type of small lizard. ngarla kankuyali windri nandrayi kartiwarru But the boy only killed a kartiwarru lizard. kartyi-rna vi. turn, go around, come around. Wararamayi, nhawu kartyirnanthu. "Leave him to karlipilhi n. butterfly. come around". karlka-rna vtr. wait, wait for. walya kartyilka-rna vtr. turn something. karlkamayi, karari wama "Ngalyi marla thayilha "Wait a while to eat kartyilkarnda carpet snake (later) today." purriyamayi." Turn it a little karlkatharri-rna vi. be waiting for. more. Note: person waited for is in kartyimalka-rna vtr. turn over. locative case karuwa n. jealousy. karlku n. bulrush. kata n. louse. karlu n. testicles. See: kini. kathi n. clothing, skin rug. See: wirri. karna n. person, human being. ngardanhi kathi dukararnda See: wilha; mathari; walpala. purriyi, parlu waparnda karpa-rna vtr. sew. purrilhali, nganthi thungkali karra-rna vtr. tie, tie up. Pula wirrirnda purrirnda Then they kurlkungarna ngariyi, would take off their clothes and nhantu karrarna. They jumped walk about naked wearing rotten down, tying the horses up. meat. karrakarra-rna vi. touch, feel. Note: kathi-rna vi. climb, climb on. Note: thing or person touched is in place climbed is in locative case locative case Wata nganhi Ngarda nhawu kanku ngantyarda karrakarralha kathiyi, pirta ngarla miririrna nhangkangu. I didn't want to thararnanhi Then the boy touch her. climbed but the tree went up and up (at the same time). karrapana n. marsupial mouse. Note: Nhantunhi kathiyi, pronunciation uncertain ngardanhi waparna karrawara n. wedge-tailed eagle, kurrarna, thukatharrirna eaglehawk. partnered with kurrarna. (They) climbed on kawalka 'crow' in mythological their horses and went away, stories. Aquila audax. riding away. karri-rna vtr. chase. katithandra n. Lake Eyre. katu kirri katu n. windbreak. kiltya-rna vtr. peel. katyakatya-rna vi. hurt, be in pain. kiltyatharri-rna vi. peel off. Katyakatyarnda martyirnda kima adj. swollen. purrirnda yindrarda kimari-rna vi. swell up. purrirnda. She called out in pain and cried. kingka-rna vi. laugh. Note: person or thing laughed at is in the locative katyakatyatharri-rna vi. hurt case oneself. kupa puriyi ngardatha nhawu kingkalka-rna vtr. laugh at katyakatyatharrirna The (someone or something). child fell down and hurt kini Variant: kidni. n. penis. himself. See: kirla. Yini kini wandra katyi n. spear. nhantuyari, dangkirdangkiyari. 'Your kawalka n. crow. partnered with penis is big and thick like a horse, karrawara 'eaglehawk' in like a little donkey.'. mythology. kintha n. shrimp. kinthala n. dog. Nhaka ngathu ngankarda purriyi nhungkangu panturanhi minhanhiya wardayari nhawu kinthala kinthala kawu int. yes. kawu, matya nganhi wararani patika nganayi. I "Yes, I am alright." worked there on the boundary where the paddock that keeps the kawupa-rna vtr. inform, tell. dogs out is. kawuwarna int. that’s correct! kipara-rna vi. urinate. See: kuna- kilankila n. galah. Eolophus rna. roseicapilla. kipara n. urine. kira n. boomerang. kilaparra n. bony bream fish. Nematalosa erebi. kirla n. vagina. See: kini. kilpa n. cold. See: malthi. kirlawirlpaninha n. Killalpaninna. kilpa waldra n. year. kirli-rna vi. dance. See: wima. kilpari-rna vi. disbelieve. kirri n. intelligent, smart. kilthi n. juice, stew. kirringanka-rna kurlawarra kirringanka-rna vtr. teach, make kundrukundru n. cough, cold in smart. head. kirriri-rna vi. learn, become smart. kungka-rna vi. limp. -ku postinfl. sensory evidence post- kungkakungka-rna vi. grunt. inflectional suffix. aa kungku adj. lame. nhawuwaku thurru kunki n. doctor. yarkiyarkitharriyi warritha "Oh, that must be the fire burning kunkithiri n. crayfish. far off." kunmi n. mist, haze. kuku n. hollow of tree. kunngarra n. sound of movement in kuku adj. overturned. distance. kukula n. stick-nest rat. Leporillus kunthi n. mosquito. apicalis. kuntyirri n. kind of bush. kupa n. child, small. kuparru n. young of animal. ngardanhi thana paya kuparru nhayiyi They they saw some young birds (in a nest in a box tree). kukunka n. kind of hawk. kupula n. grog, alcohol. ngayani kukuru n. stick type. a kind of curved nhingkirda ngamayi yawarra throwing stick used by males in a yatharna wata ngathu competitive game. kupula thapayi ngalyingalyi kulyakulya adj. green, yellow. ngathu thapathapayi wata kuma n. news. nganhi parrawarrayi When we kumarri n. blood. sit here talking I don't drink grog, I drink a little and don't get kuna Variant: kudna. n. faeces, shit. drunk. kuna-rna vi. defecate, shit on. kurda-rna vi. fall (of rain). See: kipara-rna. See: thalara. kunalka-rna vtr. shit on. payali kurdalka-rna vtr. rain on. nhinha kunalkarna warrayi "The birds have shat kurdakurda n. night hawk. on him." kurdu n. hole in ground. See: paku- kunankarri Variant: kudnankarri. n. rna; mingka. kurdu north. pakuyamayi Dig a hole! kunapintyinara n. sand fly. kuri n. theft, stealing. kunarri Variant: kudnarri. n. Cooper kurikantyi n. thief. Creek. kuri n. mussel, mussel shell. kundru n. snore. kurkurku n. kind of bird. kundrunga-rna vi. snore. kurlawarra n. kind of large boomerang. kurlikirri kuthikuthi-rna kurlikirri adj. clean. kurra-rna vtr. put down, put in, put kurlirka-rna vtr. clean, cleanse. on. waparnarlu, nguraya waparnarlu, thurru kurlirkatharri-rna vi. clean manirnanhi kakuyali oneself. Nganhi mara kardiyali, ngura kurralha, kurlirkatharrirnda thuraralha (They) kept going, purrirnda. I washed my going to the camp where the hands. sister and brother-in-law were kurlka-rna vtr. save. getting wood to make a camp to kurlkunga-rna Variant: 1A. vi. jump. sleep. muku kurrarnda Pula kurlkungarna ngariyi, purrirnda wanthiyi mulhanhi nhantu karrarna. They jumped (They) used to put a bone in down, tying the horses up. (their) noses long ago. kurlkungalka-rna vtr. jump with. kurraka-rna vtr. release, let go. kurlpi n. subincision ceremony. Yundru wata nganha kurrakarnanhi nganhi kurndi adj. bent. yulyanhi yathalha nganayi. kurndikurndi adj. crooked, bent. 'If you don't let me go, I'll tell the kurnu n. one, another. See: mandru; police.'. parkulu. thurarayi muka kurrupa-rna vi. advise. kinthala kurnunhi He is kurukuru adj. secret. kakuyali sleeping with another dog. ngardanhi kurukuru yingkiyi kurparu n. Australian magpie. nhinha nhangkarni ngathata Cracticus tibicen. kanku Then the elder sister secretly gave (some meat) to her younger brother. kurutharra-rna vi. forget. Note: person or thing forgotten is in the dative case kutha n. angry. kuthari-rna vi. become angry. pula kuthariyi The two of kurra-yi vi. go away. Note: only them became angry. occurs in compound verb constructions indicating motion kuthi-rna vi. disappear. away ngarda pula waparna kuthikuthi-rna vi. deny (doing kurrayi Then they went away. something). nharingankarna kurrayi (They) killed (both of them). kuti mama-rna kuti n. black swan. Cygnus atratus. kutyi n. devil. kutyikutyi n. blue long-tailed wren, superb fairy wren. Malurus cyaneus. kuwu adj. ignorant, stupid. See: parti. kutya n. eyelash. kutya n. feather. M - m makita n. gun, rifle. Note: loan from malthinganka-rna vtr. cool, make English 'musket' cool. ya malthingankarna malhantyi n. bad. And cooled (it). -mali vderiv. reciprocal derivational malthiri-rna vi. become cool, suffix. urinate. Note: euphemism for kipara-rna 'urinate' malka n. mulga tree. Acacia aneura. malthu n. bag. malyurra n. cormorant, black shag. Phalacrocorax carbo. malka n. stripe, mark. malkamalka adj. striped, spotted. thara malka n. policeman. Note: literally 'thigh mark', named for the stripe down the leg of 19th century policemen's trousers malka mandru n. Mulka Station. Note: literally 'two marks' mama-rna vtr. take away from, maltharra n. emu feather shoes worn snatch, steal. by thinanipa . See: thinanipa. malthi n. cool. mandra mardi mandra n. stomach. ya kartiwarru manthaka n. widower. partyarna mandrandru See: mangawarru. dukararna And took all the manya n. firestick. Note: usually kartiwarru lizard out of (his) thurru manya stomach. manyu n. good. "Minhandru mandra-rna vtr. grasp, hold. yundru wata manyuyali thina mandrani n. trap (literally nhayirnda purriyi?" "Why 'something which grasps). didn't you look after her mandrantyu n. pregnant. Note: properly?" perhaps derived from mandra manyurra n. kind of seed. 'stomach' and an old comitative mara n. hand, finger. kardi mara form? Nhani mandrantyu wirrirna kankuya marnanhi nganayi nganarnda The brother-in-law's hand went purrirnda. She was pregnant. into the boy's mouth. mandru n. two. See: kurnu; parkulu. mara pirri n. fingernail. ya kankuyali pakarna -mara nderiv. kin proprietive suffix, ngantyayi wapalha kakunhi creates non-singular nominal yarla kakunhi kardinhi And a with group reference. See: -nthu. boy also wanted to go together with his elder sister and brother- nhuwamara n. married couple. in-law. maramulhurunha n. Muloorina mangathandra n. head. Ngardanhi Station. nhinha kupakupa maranguka-rna vtr. help, assist, give mangathandra tharduparnda a hand to. "Yundru ngantyayi thikarnda purriyi nganha marangukarnda thalkungankarda purrirnda. purrilhali? "Do you want to Then I pushed the baby's head help me?" back, straightening it. marankarra n. spider. mangawarru n. widow. Note: marapu n. many. ngarda nhulu possibly derived from manga pulurlu nhayiyi then thurru, 'head' and warru 'white' because warrithalha pula of the white gypsum caps placed waparnanhi, dityi marapu on widow's heads ngamarna nhaka nhawu See: manthaka. Then he could not see the fire any mangka adj. opposite direction. longer, because they had gone too mangurrani n. Mungerannie Station. far away as he sat there for many days. mani-rna vtr. get, take, pick up. miri kariyamayi warlaya, kapi marda n. rock, stone, hill, money. manilha "Climb up above to the nganhi purirna warayi nest to get the eggs!" mardanhi kara minhanhi kara mangathandrali I fell on mani n. money. a rock or something with my mankarra n. girl. See: kanku; thari. head. manki-rna vi. be glad, pleased. mardi adj. heavy. mardu marru mardu n. taste, tasty, enjoyable. marnduri-rna vi. mix with. Note: the mardu n. totem. matrilineal totem thing or person with which inherited from mother. something mixes is in the locative case marduka n. matrilineal ceremonial totem. See: pintharra. marni n. fat. marka-rna vi. crawl. marnka adv. slowly. Nhawuya marnka durnkarda purriyi." markara n. yellow belly fish, golden He will come out slowly. perch. Macquaria ambigua. marnka-rna vtr. find. marnpi n. bronzewing pigeon. Phaps chalcoptera. marla adv. true, real, very, more. thurruthurru marla "It's very hot." kardiyali marla dukarayi The brother-in-law took more marnpiawi n. Murnpeowie Station. (meat) out (of the boy's mouth). marpu adj. many, a lot. mirimiri marla nhawuparra marra-rna vi. glow (of fire). "He is right at the very top." nhulu pirna thaparna warayi marramarratharri-rna vi. keep on nhawuya marla glowing, continue glowing. parrawarrarnanhi pirla nhawuya matya nhungkangu He drank a lot, marramarratharriyilhaku more than me. "These coals are glowing alright." marna n. mouth, door. kardi mara wirrirna kankuya marnanhi marra adj. new, fresh. The brother-in-law's hand went marralyi n. red. See: maru. into the boy's mouth. ngardanhi marri n. Marree. Note: name of place nhungkarni kardi mara in northern South Australia; this wirriyi, dukaralha is English form reborrowed back nhungkangundru into Diyari Yini nhakaldra marnandru Then his brother-in- nhingkirda wakararnanhi, law's hand went in and took (it) nganhi marriya mindrilha out of his mouth. nganayi, yulya manilha. 'If marna miri adj. full. you come here again I'll run to marna thandra n. tooth. Maree to get the police.'. marna tharka-rna vi. yawn. Note: marru n. wide. literally 'mouth stand' marndawardunha n. Mundowdna Station. martyi-rna miriwiri martyi-rna vi. call out, cry out, mayi int. well then, alright. ngaldra scream. See: yindra-rna. mayi wapayi thangkuparna, Katyakatyarnda martyirnda nhayilha "Let's go tomorrow to purrirnda yindrarda see (him)." mayi, ngaldra purrirnda. She called out in nhinha yinkamatha pain and cried. minhayangankalha "Well, maru n. black. See: marralyi. let's make this string something or other." matha-rna vtr. bite. tyutyuyali nganha matharna warayi The -mayi postinfl. emphatic. Note: snake bit me. emphatic suffix used with imperative verbs -matha postinfl. identified information. ngathata mikiri n. native well. found in the nhawumatha "That's (our) Simpson Desert country. younger brother". mila n. hook. mathapurda n. old man. Note: loan milka-rna vtr. pinch. from Wangkangurru milki n. eye. See: putyu. Mathapurda Salim Khan milki dityi n. blackout, nhulu mankarra yingkirda unconsciousness. Sher Khannha Salim Khan gave his daughter to Sher Khan. milpirri n. forehead. mathari n. man. Mathari nhulu mimi n. lip. nhaka ngankarda purriyi mindrari n. kind of corroboree. nhaka nhuwanthali. There mindri-rna vi. run. nhawu kanku was a man working there with his ngupara mindrirna The boy wife. ran ahead. Ngardanhi nganhi mathari n. moiety name. yathayi "wata mindriya matharri n. initiated man. See: wilha. nhungkangu!" Then I said "Don't run after him". matya part. already, now, enough, OK. mayi, yini matyamatha mindrilka-rna vtr. run with. yini? "Well, are you alright?" mingka n. hole in ground. matyatha yarkiyilhaku See: kurdu. nhawu thurru This fire has just minha n. what, something, nothing. been burning. minhanganka-rna vtr. do what? mawa n. hunger. Note: used in ergative case with ngana to mean minari-rna vi. become what?, what 'hungry' See: thardi. ngali happens? kankuyali mawali nganayi mintyi-rna vi. shine. "We two are hungry, the boy and miri n. above, top. miri kariyamayi I." warlaya, kapi manilha "Climb mayarru n. marsupial mouse. up above to the nest to get the mayarru mitha n. Mira Mitta Station. eggs!" mayatha n. boss. Note: from English miriwiri n. maggot. 'master' mirka muya mirka n. ant. pirtanhi kurramayi mungara n. soul. mirkali thananha thayiyathi mungka-rna vi. coo. Hang it in the tree or the ants muntha n. self. Nhawu muntharlu might eat them. karirna tharayi. He climbed up mirtya n. noise. alone. "Alright Mr Muray, mirtyanthu adj. noisy. kupa ngathu munthalha mirtyamirtyanthu The ngankarda purriyi." "Alright cildren are noisy. Mr Murray, I'll do it myself". mitha n. ground, earth, country, land, Marlarlu nhawu muntha place. See: thaka. kartyiyi. He really did come robertstownandru nganhi around by himself. waparnda purriyi Waikerie muntya n. sick, ill. Wilha nhaniya mithaya. From Robertstown I muntya parrarnda purriyi." went to Waikerie. The woman, she is lying down muka n. sleep, asleep. See: thurara- sick. rna. ngurra muka thurarayi muntyu n. fly. pirtanhi pungalhanhi He muntyurrunga n. blowfly. always sleeps under the tree in munyi n. owl. the shade. muramura n. ancestral being. muku n. bone. See: puwa. murda-rna vi. stop, finish, end. mulha n. nose, face. matya murdayi That's the mulhapara n. top-knot pigeon. finish. Yaruka nhani murdayi, Lopholaimus antarcticus. yatharna nhungkangu. That's how she finished talking to him. murlpa n. crane. murlu n. crab. murnamiri n. full. murnampirri n. chest. murruwa-rna vtr. scratch. mutaka n. car. muya adj. dry. N - n nandra-rna ngandrawalka-rna nandra-rna vtr. hit, strike, kill. ngalingu pro. to us two (excluding ngarla kankuyali windri you). nandrayi kartiwarru But the ngalirni pro. of us two (excluding boy only killed a kartiwarru you). lizard. mayi, kiralha manirna ngalku n. desire. wanthiyi pulali, nandranandralhatha nhinha ngalpurru n. dark, darkness. Well, they got a boomerang and ngaltya n. saliva, spit. hit him all over. ngaltya warra-rna vtr. spit. -ndru case. ablative case suffix. ya ngalyi n. a little. "Ngalyi marla kartiwarru partyarna kartyilkarnda purriyamayi." mandrandru dukararna And Turn it a little more. ngayani took all the kartiwarru lizard out nhingkirda ngamayi yawarra of (his) stomach. yatharna wata ngathu ngaka-rna vi. flow (of water), blow kupula thapayi ngalyingalyi (of wind). ngathu thapathapayi wata ngakangu pro. first person singular nganhi parrawarrayi When we locative case pronoun. Wata sit here talking I don't drink grog, nhulu pardakarnda purriyi I drink a little and don't get ya wata nhawu ngakangu drunk. yatharnda purrirnda ngama-rna vi. sit, live, stay, camp. nhandru ngantyayi kupa warrulha nhawu darnkarda purrilhali He didn't ngamangamayi pirta miri take her and he didn't tell me that "He is sitting all white at the top she was about to give birth. of the tree." yini ngamamayi ngakarni pro. my, first person ngaldrarni ngandrinhi "You singular dative. stay with our mother!" ngalantha pro. first person dual ngama n. breast, milk. special moiety pronoun. yini ngamangama n. milkweed. kara wapalha nganayi Euphorbia drummondii. nhingki yara ngalantha ngamini n. Ngamini. name of nhingki yara waparnanhi language and group. See: diyari; Maybe you go that way and we thirari. go this way. ngampu part. almost. ngaldra pro. first person dual inclusive pronoun. ngampu n. sex totems. ngaldrangu pro. to us two (including ngana-rna vi. be. ngali kankuyali you). mawali nganayi "We two are hungry, the boy and I." ngaldrarni pro. of us two (including you). ngana aux. future tense auxiliary verb. ngali pro. first person dual exclusive nganaku int. I don't know. pronoun. ngali kankuyali ngandrawalka-rna vtr. close, stop. mawali nganayi "We two are hungry, the boy and I." ngandri ngapu ngandri n. mother, mother's sister. ngankanthi n. catfish, cobbler. See: ngapiri; ngathata. yini Cnidoglanis macrocephalus. ngamamayi ngaldrarni ngandrinhi "You stay with our mother!" nganha pro. me, first person singular accuative case pronoun. Nganha yingkiyamayi yanika. Give it to me like this!'. nganthi n. meat, edible animal. nganha int. oh yes, is that so. See: puka. kardiyali nganhi pro. first person singular partyarna nganthi wayiyi The nominative pronoun. brother-in-law cooked all the See: ngathu; yini; nhawu; meat. nhani. nganhi warrangantyu ngantya-rna vtr. want, like, love. ya "I am left-handed." Yundru kankuyali pakarna wata nganha kurrakarnanhi ngantyayi wapalha kakunhi nganhi yulyanhi yathalha yarla kakunhi kardinhi And a nganayi. 'If you don't let me go, boy also wanted to go together I'll speak to the police.'. with his elder sister and brother- nganhi pro. I. in-law. Wata ngathu yinha ngantyayi. I don't like you. nganka-rna vtr. do, make, cause, work. matya thana ngantya-rna vdi. call by a kinship wakararna parlkayi term. nguranhi, kardiyalitha ngantyalu int. good job! thurrutha ngankarnanhi, ngapa n. water. ngapa yundru katulha ngankarnanhi So they wata thikalkarnanhi ngathu came to the camp as the brother- yinha nandrayathi I'll hit you in-law was making a fire (and) if you don't bring water back. making a windbreak. Ngathu ngapatyangka adj. wet. ngankarda purriya palthunhi. I worked on the road. ngapiri n. father, father's brother. See: ngandri; ngathata. nganka n. beard. yingkarni ngapirinhi yathani -nganka vderiv. causative. Note: kawu, yingkarni ngapirinhi, creates transitive verbs from noun nhulu yinha nandrarna I'll and adjective roots ya tell your father and he'll hit you. malthingankarna And cooled ngapitya n. dream, dream totem. (it). ngapitya parda-rna vtr. dream. ngapu n. silence, quiet. ngapu ngamarna He sits quietly. wata yini wakararna warayi ngapu ngamarna warayi If you didn't come I'd sit silently. ngapuri-rna ngarpingarpi ngapuri-rna vi. be quiet. ngardu n. nardoo, seeds of Dubiosia ngapuriyamayi Be quiet! hopwoodii. ground into flour and ngapunga-rna vi. swim. eaten, or mixed with water and See: kukuwirri-rna. kupakupa baked and eaten. Dubiosia ngapanhi ngapungarna The hopwoodii. children are swimming in the water. ngara-rna vtr. hear, listen. ngathu pirna ngararna pula ngurra thirrimalirna I heard they are always fighting. thana waparna warayi warrithandru diyari yawarra ngaralha They came from far away to learn the Diyari language. ngaratharri-rna vi. hear oneself, ngari-rna vi. go down, come down. feel (something happen to Note: occurs in compound verb oneself). Nganhi constructions indicating action ngaratharriyi matharnda directed downwards ngardanhi purriyani parrumarnda nhawu ngariyi yinkanhi, purrirndanhi I felt like I had warrulha warrulha ngarirna, been bitten pulling it out. pulali parrumarna ngarangara n. heart. ngarirnanhi Then he came down on the string, all white, ngarda part. then, next, behind. white coming down as the two of ngardanhi thana yarla them pulled (him) down. wapayi Then they all went together. ngarirnarlu part. down, below. ngardarda n. grandfather, mother's ngarla conj. but. See: ya. nganhi father, grandson, daughter's child. ngarla ngunyari "But I am See: kami. right-handed." ngarda nhawu kanku kathiyi, pirta ngarla miririrna thararnanhi Then the boy climbed but the tree went up and up (at the same time). ngarnikuri n. goat. ngarnka n. beard. ngarnkatyandra n. chin. ngarpingarpi n. Afghan person. Note: source unknown, possibly a loan Ngardanhi pula ngarpingarpi mandru wakaraya. Then two Afghans came up. ngarrakali-rna waldrawirti nguru ngarrakali-rna vi. become warm in nguku n. vomit. the morning. nguku wara-rna vtr. vomit. ngarrimatha n. flood. ngulhu n. forehead. ngarrupara-rna vi. be surprised. nguluka-rna vtr. look out for. ngaru n. voice, distinctive sound, ngumu adj. good. echo. nguna n. arm. ngathamurra n. offspring of opposite ngunangana-rna vi. wave one's moiety, child of man. hand. See: ngathani. ngundra-rna vtr. think. Nganhi ngathani n. offspring of same moiety, marlarlu ngundrayi. I truly child of woman. think. See: ngathamurra. ngunku n. pitchere, native tobacco. ngathata n. younger sibling, younger Duboisa hopwoodii. brother, younger sister. kakuyali ngardanhi kurukuru yingkiyi ngunyari n. right-hand, right-handed. nhinha nhangkarni ngathata nganhi ngarla ngunyari "But kanku Then the elder sister I am right-handed." secretly gave (some meat) to her ngupara adv. ahead, first. nhawu younger brother. kanku ngupara mindrirna ngathu pro. first person singular The boy ran ahead. ergative case pronoun. ngura n. camp. nhawuyaku See: nganhi; yundru. nguratha "This is the camp!" nhungkanguwa ngathu karari ngathu yinha nhayinhayiyi, thurru yingkilha nganayi ngapa yarkiyarkitharrirnanhi "Over nguranhi I will give you water that way I saw the fire burning." today in the camp. ngawa adj. light, not heavy. ngurra adv. always, continuously. ngayana pro. we, first person plural ngurra adv. always, continuously. inclusive pronoun. pulu yirtyipayi, muka nhawu See: ngayani. ngayana ngurra thurarayi I can't wake wapayi nhungkangu "Let's go him up, he keeps sleeping. wata over there." nhawu yatharna ngurra He ngayani pro. first person plural doesn't bark all the time. exclusive pronoun. ngurramuku n. shin. See: ngayana. Ngayani ngurru n. hard, strong, firm. pirkirna karirranhi nhaka. We were playing in the creek nguru n. one day beyond. Note: there. indicates one day beyond the reference time ngayarla n. sound of human voices in vicinity. thangkuparna nguru n. day after tomorrow. -ngu case. locative case marker. Note: used with pronouns waldrawirti nguru n. day before yesterday. nguka-rna vtr. mix. nguya nhingki nguya adj. used to. nhangkarni pro. her, third person nguyala int. poor thing. singular feminine dative pronoun. See: nhungkarni. kakuyali nguyama-rna vtr. know, recognise. ngardanhi kurukuru yingkiyi wata nguyamayi I don't know. nhinha nhangkarni ngathata nguyawaka-rna vtr. prevent. kanku Then the elder sister nguyuni adj. greedy. secretly gave (some meat) to her -nha case. accusative case inflection. younger brother. kanku yindrayi, pula nhanha pro. third person feminine warritharlu waparnanhi, accusative case form. nhayirna nhulu pulanha See: nhani; nhinha. pirta mirindru warritha The nhani pro. she. See: nhandru; boy cried as they went further nhawu. and further, watching them in the nhantu n. horse. Note: probably a distance from the top of the tree. borrowing from the Kaurna nhaka n. there. Note: root form used language where nanto means for locative case function 'kangaroo' Pula wakarayi ngarda nhulu pulurlu nhantuyali, thana mankarra nhayiyi then thurru, pirkirnanhi pakarna warrithalha pula karakaraldramatha. They waparnanhi, dityi marapu came on horseback, right close to ngamarna nhaka nhawu where the girls were playing. Then he could not see the fire any nhari n. dead. longer, because they had gone too far away as he sat there for many nharinganka-rna vtr. kill, cause to days. die. nharingankarna kurrayi (They) killed (both of nhandru pro. she, third person them). feminine ergative case pronoun. See: nhani; nhawu; nganhi; nhariri-rna vi. die. yini. Nhandru ngantyayi nhawu pro. he. See: nhulu; nhani. kupa darnkarda purrilhali. nhayi-rna vtr. see, look. ngardanhi She was about to give birth. thana paya kuparru nhayiyi nhanga-rna vtr. pour. They they saw some young birds nhangkangu pro. third person (in a nest in a box tree). singular feminine locative case -nhi case. locative case. pronoun. See: nhungkangu. nhingki n. here (near speaker). Wata nganhi ngantyarda nhingkiyamatha ngathu karrakarralha nhangkangu. I nhayiyatha "It's here that I saw didn't want to touch her. them." nhinha palipalima-rna nhinha pro. him, third person singular -ni vderiv. plural verbal derivative used non-feminine accusative case in imperative. See: -lu. form. kakuyali kanku yingkiyi ngapandru durnkanimayi nganthi, nhinha Come out of the water (you all)! thayirnanthu The elder sister -ni vnzr. verb nominaliser. Ngardanhi gave the boy meat to eat. nganhi waparnda purriyi nhintha n. shame, shyness. Note: used nhakandru ngankani in ergative case form with the warararnda purrirnda. Then I copula ngana went from there leaving work. nhiyi n. older brother. See: kaku. -nkari nderiv. toward. Note: a kind of nhulu pro. he, masculine ergative locative suffix but there are few pronoun. See: nhawu; examples and its full range of nhandru; ngathu; yundru. functions is unclear nhungkangu pro. him, third person -nthi suff. consequential verb singular non-feminine locative derivation. yundru ngantyayi, case form. ngardanhi wapalha, waninthilha nhungkarni kardi mara ngaldra? "Do you want to go so wirriyi, dukaralha we can follow after (him)?" nhungkangundru -nthu nderiv. comintative affix, marnandru Then his brother-in- having. See: -mara. Mathari law's hand went in and took (it) nhulu nhaka ngankarda out of his mouth. purriyi nhaka nhuwanthali. nhungkarni pro. his, third person There was a man working there masculine possessive pronoun. with his wife. See: nhangkarni. -ntya postinfl. counter (added to nhura n. tail. wardaru to mean 'how many'). yini yatharna yaruya nhurru n. speed, quick. nhawuka kilpa waldra nhuwa n. spouse, husband, wife. wardaruntya You say "How nhuwanthu n. married. old is he?" nhuwamara n. married couple, nyarni adj. blunt. husband and wife. nyurli-rna vtr. choke. P - p pakarna Variant: pakarnda. adv. paku adj. silly, stupid, purposeless. also, too. pakutha n. fox. paki-rna vi. burst. pali-rna vi. die. You'll die. Yini pakipa-rna vtr. burst. palirnda purrilha nganayi. paku n. silent, quiet. You'll die. You will die. paku-rna vtr. dig. See: kurdu. kurdu palipali-rna vtr. drown. ngayani pakuyamayi Let's dig palipalima-rna vtr. drown, make a hole! drown. palka-rna parkulu palka-rna vtr. split. pantyima-rna vtr. make. palthu n. road, path, way. Nganhi papa n. aunt, father's sister, mother's waparnda purriyi Paruna brother's wife, sister's son's wife. mithaya nhaka ngankarda See: kaka. purrilhali palthunhi para n. hair of head. ngankarda purrirnda. I went paralka n. medicinal plant. to Paruna to work there, working on the road. paratyi n. light, lightning. thinkanhi nhulu nhayiyi paratyi, thurru palyara n. spinifex hopping mouse, yarkiyarkitharrirnanhi In the kangaroo rat. Notomys alexis. night he saw the light of the fire burning. parda-rna vtr. get, take, catch, touch, carry in hand. See: waltha-rna; wanpa-rna. nhulu ngardanhi pardayi yinka Then he caught the string. wata pardamayi nhawuparra mara nandrayathi Don't touch it or I'll hit your hand. pandra adj. cooked, ripe. parda adj. wet. panga n. caterpillar. pardaka-rna vtr. hold, catch, take, pangka n. bed. Note: loan from bring. Ngardanhi nhawu, English 'bunk' nhulu nhanha pardakayi pangki n. side. ngamalkalha. Then he, he took pangkithirri n. rib. her to live with him. kunali thuriparna wanthiyi yinanha, pani Variant: padni. int. no, none, pardakarna wanthirna nothing. pani nhawuya "There yinanha, warararna thikalha is nothing here." "Pani. "They poured shit all over you, Ngapurirnda purriyamayi!" having brought you (here) to No, be quiet! leave you as they went back." panki-rna vi. be glad, pleased. pardi n. kind of grub. pantha-rna vi. smell, be odorous. pariwilpa n. sky. panthama-rna vtr. smell. parkulu num. three. See: kurnu; pantu n. salt lake. mandru. ngayani parkulu pantu pirna n. Lake Hope. nhingkiya ngamayi pantya n. knee. nhulu kankuyali pungalhanhi We three sit here pantya nandrayi The boy is in the shade. hitting my knees. pantyi-rna vcop. become. kurangki pantyiyi parrawarrayi kupula thaparna nhuluyathu He is very drunk today. parla partyarna parla n. sexually aroused. Note: occurs parra-rna vi. lie, sleep. Note: usually in instrumental case with copula of inanimates only See: thurara- ngana , source of arousal is in rna. Wilha nhaniya muntya locative case Kankuwarayi! parrarnda purriyi." The Nhawuya parlali nganayi woman, she is lying down sick. ngakangu. Boys! He's sexually parra aux. auxiliary verb marking past aroused over me. tense and completive aspect. parlka-rna vi. travel, go on a journey. punthirna parraya ngali We Note: occurs in compound verb are splitting up (and finished). constructions in Diyari indicating -parra postinfl. specific. Note: picks action while on a journey dityi out an identified entity that is parlpa thurararna parlkayi separated from other entities (They) slept on their journey for minha nhawuparrawu? some days. "What's that?" kupa thurarayi parlku n. body, flesh, nhawuparra The child lies parlku n. cloud. down. parlkura n. kind of seed. -parra postinfl. specific. parlpa n. some. dityi parlpa parraparra adj. energetic, hard. thurararna parlkayi (They) parrawarra-rna vi. be drunk. slept on their journey for some ngayani nhingkirda ngamayi days. Nhakandru nganhi yawarra yatharna wata thikarnda purriyi 1959 ngathu kupula thapayi nhingkirda ngamarnda ngalyingalyi ngathu purrilhali Farina mithanhi ya thapathapayi wata nganhi putha parlpa nganhi parrawarrayi When we sit here thikarnda purrirnda From talking I don't drink grog, I drink there I came back in 1959 to live a little and don't get drunk. here at Farina and sometimes I parru n. fish. Note: generic term went back to Witchelina to work parruma-rna vtr. pull, drag. and to Myrtle Springs to work. ngardanhi nhawu ngariyi putha parlpa n. sometimes. yinkanhi, warrulha warrulha parlu n. naked, nude. ngardanhi ngarirna, pulali parrumarna kathi dukararnda purriyi, ngarirnanhi Then he came parlu waparnda purrilhali, down on the string, all white, nganthi thungkali wirrirnda white coming down as the two of purrirnda Then they would take them pulled (him) down. off their clothes and walk about parti adj. silly. See: kuwu. naked wearing rotten meat. partiparti adj. mad, crazy. parni-rna vi. smell, be odorous. partya-rna vtr. involve all. parnima-rna vtr. smell. partyarna Variant: partyarnda. n. all. kardiyali partyarna nganthi wayiyi The brother-in- law cooked all the meat. paru pirri paru n. yellow ochre. See: karku. pinya n. revenge expedition. paruparu n. everywhere. pipa n. paper, book. pathara n. box tree. Eucalyptus sp.. pira n. dish. traditionally made of tree Note: typically used as a generic bark. term when translating 'tree' from English kardi yathayi kankunhi, patharanhi karirnanthu The brother-in-law told the boy to climb the box tree. pawa n. seed. pira n. moon, moonlight, month. pawi n. lignum tree. Muehlenbeckia See: dityi. Dapa nganarna florulenta. wanthiyi pira kurnu, pira kurnu dapa nganarnda purrirnda. It was sore for a month. pirda n. navel, belly button. pirdarru n. drought. piri n. space, room. paya n. bird. Note: generic term piringanka-rna vtr. make space, See: purri-rna. ngardanhi clear a space for something. thana paya kuparru nhayiyi They they saw some young birds pirikurnti n. Lake Perigundi. (in a nest in a box tree). pirki-rna vi. play. Ngayani pirkirna payalku n. bag. payalku karirranhi nhaka. We were maniyamayi mithandru Pick playing in the creek there. Pula the bag up from the ground! wakarayi nhantuyali, thana mankarra pirkirnanhi payirri n. long. pakarna karakaraldramatha. piki n. pig. They came on horseback, right pildra n. possum. close to where the girls were pilki adj. different. playing. pilpa n. eyebrow. See: milki. pirla n. coal of fire, charcoal. milki pilpa n. eyebrow. pirli n. bark of tree. pilpiri n. shoulder. pirli n. net bag, pouch of marsupial. pinarru n. old man. pirna n. big, large, strong, a lot. nhulu pirna thaparna warayi pindri n. grasshopper. nhawuya marla pinpa-rna vtr. leave over, fail to parrawarrarnanhi consume. nhungkangu He drank a lot, pintharra n. patrilineal ceremonial while he (another one) was totem. See: marduka. getting more drunk than him. pinthi part. rumoured. pirrapirra adj. flat. pintyipintyirnara n. bat. pirri n. nail, fingernail, toenail, groove. pirrikuthi-rna puri-rna pirrikuthi-rna vi. dive. pulka-rna vtr. blow. See: ngapunga-rna. pulu Variant: pudlu. part. cannot. pirrinti n. perentie, large goanna. ngarda nhulu pulurlu Varanus giganteus. nhayiyi then thurru, warrithalha pula waparnanhi, dityi marapu ngamarna nhaka nhawu Then he could not see the fire any longer, because they had gone too far away as he sat there for many days. puluka Variant: pudluka. n. cattle, bullock. pulyurru n. mud. pirta n. tree, stick, log. Note: generic punga n. shelter, humpy. punganhi term ngarda nhawu kanku nhawu thurarayi He lies under kathiyi, pirta ngarla miririrna the humpy. thararnanhi Then the boy pungalha n. shade. ngayani climbed but the tree went up and parkulu nhingkiya ngamayi up (at the same time). pungalhanhi We three sit here pithi-rna vi. fart, break wind. in the shade. See: kuna-rna; kipara-rna. punnga n. lungs. piti n. anus. puntha n. marsupial mouse. pityi n. bark of tree, dish, coolamon. punthi-rna vi. split, divide. ngali coolamon is a carrying dish thirrimalirna warayi fashioned from bark. ngardanhi punthiyi nhawu pityirri n. native tobacco, pitchere. waparnanhi yarlarlu yara puka n. vegetable food. See: nganthi. ngarla ngalantha yarlarlu yara waparna We fought and pukartu n. kind of ochre. ochre then he split off and went that collected from mines in the way but we go this way. northern Flinder's Ranges near Parachilna. punthipa-rna vtr. separate, divide, split up. pula pro. they two, third person dual pronoun. See: thana. pupa-rna vi. admonish, tell off. ngardanhi pulali nhinha purda adj. unripe, raw. warara-yi pathara miri Then puri-rna vi. fall, drop. Yeah, nhawu the two of them left him at the durnkingayi kupakupa top of the box tree. nhawu purirnda purrirnda. Yes, he dalkiyi pulangu ya came out falling down. nganhi nhungkarni ngandrinhi His purirna warayi mardanhi disobeyed them and his mother. kara minhanhi kara pulangkiti n. blanket. Note: loan from mangathandrali I fell on a rock English or something with my head. purka-rna -ri purka-rna vi. wade in water. Note: see putha n. time. LR's song marna karta putha parlpa n. sometimes. purka n. conscience. Nhakandru nganhi purlu n. naked. thikarnda purriyi 1959 nhingkirda ngamarnda purnka-rna vi. grow. purrilhali Farina mithanhi purntu n. nose peg. ya putha parlpa nganhi purralku n. brolga. Grus rubicunda. thikarnda purrirnda From there I came back in 1959 to live here at Farina and sometimes I went back to Witchelina to work and to Myrtle Springs to work. putha n. ash. putha adj. shallow. puthurru n. dust. putu n. thing. putyu n. blind, closed (of eyes). See: milki. purri aux. auxiliary verb. puwa n. marrow. See: muku. purri-rna vi. lay an egg. See: paya. puwa n. artesian bore. purru n. frost. puyurru n. parallel cousin, mother's purru int. hey! sister's child. puta n. boot, shoe. r - r rapiti n. rabbit. -ri nvzr. inchoative verbalising suffix. -rda nderiv. vicinity of speaker. Note: Note: derives intransitive verbs used with locative case nouns from nouns and adjectives See: - Yingkarni puluka wata ri. ngarda nhawu kanku nhingkirda waparnda kathiyi, pirta ngarla miririrna purriyi. Your bullocks shouldn't thararnanhi Then the boy walk here. Yini nhakaldra climbed but the tree went up and nhingkirda wakararnanhi, up (at the same time). nganhi marriya mindrilha -ri nvzr. inchoative verbalising suffix. nganayi, yulya manilha. 'If Note: derives intransitive verbs you come here again I'll run to from nouns and adjectives See: - Maree to get the police.'. ri. walya karlkalumayi, -rda vinfl. participle. Note: used with nganthi malthirirnanthu "You verbs containing medial nasal- two wait a while for the meat to stop cluster See: -rnda -rna. cool down!" -rlu thanyu -rlu postinfl. still. Note: post- -rnda vinfl. participial verb suffix. inflectional clitic kanku See: -rna. yindrayi, pula warritharlu -rnda vinfl. imperfective same subject. waparnanhi, nhayirna nhulu See: -rna. pulanha pirta mirindru -rndanhi vinfl. imperfective different warritha The boy cried as they subject. See: -rnanhi. Yini went further and further, yatharnda purriyamayi watching them in the distance nhulu nhinha kupa from the top of the tree. tharduparnda thikarndanhi." -rna vinfl. participial verb suffix. See: - You tell him to push the child rnda. back! -rna vinfl. imperfective same subject. -rni case. dative case. Note: dative case See: -rnda. kanku yindrayi, with pronouns pula warritharlu waparnanhi, nhayirna nhulu pulanha pirta mirindru warritha The boy cried as they went further and further, watching them in the distance from the top of the tree. -rnanhi vinfl. imperfective different subject. See: -rndanhi. -rnanthu vinfl. implicated clause- different subject. See: -lha; - yani. kankuyali wata yaniya thayirnanthu nganthi waka "Boys shouldn't eat small animals like this." T - t -tha postinfl. old information posti- thangkuparna n. tomorrow. inflectional suffix. nhawu See: karari; waldrawirti. miritha tharingarna tharriyi ngaldra mayi wapayi He went up and up at the top (of thangkuparna, nhayilha the tree). "Let's go tomorrow to see (him)." thaka n. clay. See: mitha. thangkuthangkuparna adv. thalara n. rain. See: kurda-rna. morning. thangkuthangkuparna thana pro. they all, third person plural nhayirna thupu In the morning pronoun. See: pula. (he) saw the smoke. thandra n. fruit, seed, clitoris. thani-rna Variant: thadni. vtr. thandra-rna vtr. fill (with liquid). copulate. thandripila n. brown snake. thanyu Variant: tyanyu. n. kind of thangkaldri n. sweet millet. plant. thapa-rna tharri-rna thapa-rna vtr. drink, suck. karna tharka-rna vi. stand, be standing. mandru pula karkarkamaliyi Tharkayi nhaka thananha kupula thapalha These two pirirringankarna. He stands men are shouting at each other to there emptying them. drink grog. mara nhulu tharkalka-rna vtr. stand with. thapayi marnanhi He is tharkipa-rna vtr. stand something sucking his finger in his mouth. up. marna thapa-rna vtr. kiss. tharla n. name. See: dika-rna. thara-rna vi. rise, go up. Note: used in Nhawu panturanhi compound verb constructions to wirringarna yarra nhaka indicate motion upwards ngarda nhawu mitha tharlatha nhawu kanku kathiyi, pirta Murrayville windrilha yini ngarla miririrna thararnanhi wakararnda purrilhali Then the boy climbed but the tree Ouyen. He went into the went up and up (at the same boundary there at the place called time). Nhawu muntharlu Murrayville, where you come to karirna tharayi. He climbed up Ouyen. alone. tharli n. tongue. tharli tharinga-rna vi. go up past. mathatharriyi yini Did you bite nhawu miritha your tongue? tharingarna tharriyi He tharlku n. straight, correct. went up and up at the top (of the tree). tharlpa n. ear. thara n. thigh. kanku ngamayi tharlpa kurru adj. deaf. tharanhi The boy is sitting on tharlpa n. leaf. my thigh. tharra-rna vi. fly. See: paya. thara malka n. policeman. tharralka-rna vtr. fly with. See: thara. tharraka-rna vi. float. thardi n. thirst. Note: occurs in ergative case with ngana to tharralku n. teal duck, grey teal. Anas express 'thirsty' See: mawa. gracilis. thardupa-rna vtr. push. Yini yatharnda purriyamayi nhulu nhinha kupa tharduparnda thikarndanhi." You tell him to push the child back! tharri-rna vi. continuos action. Note: thari n. youth, young man. only occurs in compound verb See: mankarra; kanku. constructions nhawu miritha thariyali nganthi tharingarna tharriyi He went warduwardungankarna, up and up at the top (of the tree). thariyali waniyi, thayilha wilhapina ngapanhi Breaking up the meat, the young tharkarna tharriyi The old lady man began to eat (it). is standing in the water. -tharri thuka-rna -tharri vderiv. cont, refl, detrans. thinankarra Variant: thidnankarri. tharu n. father-in-law, wife's father, n. south. See: thirriwa; dityi husband's father, son-in-law, durnka. Kunankarrandru daughter's husband, daughter-in- nganhi thikayi law, son's wife. thinankarralha." From the north I'll go back to the south". thati n. middle. thinara Variant: thidnara. n. niece, thayi-rna vtr. eat. See: thapa. nephew, brother's child. kankuyali kartiwarru thayiyi The boy ate the kartiwarru lizard. thindrithindri n. willie wagtail. wata thayiyamayi "Don't eat Rhipidura leucophrys. (that)!" thika-rna vi. return, go back, come back. Nhawu wata marla thikayi. He never came back. thikalka-rna vtr. take back. thikawarra n. native cat. Dasyurus thinka n. night, night time. sp.. Note: pronunciation uncertain See: kalkawarra. thinkanhi nhulu nhayiyi paratyi, thurru thilhinga-rna vi. boil. yarkiyarkitharrirnanhi In the thilthirri n. centipede. night he saw the light of the fire burning. thintha-rna vtr. lose, spill. thinthatharri-rna vi. get lost. thinthipiri n. elbow. thipi n. alive, life. thirr-rna vi. fight. ngurra yara thiltya Variant: tyiltya. n. sinew, calf kupakupa thirriyi The children (muscle). fight all the time. thina Variant: thidna. n. foot, thirrimali-rna vi. fight one another. footprint, track. thirri n. savage, aggressive. Note: thina mandrani n. trap (literally occurs in instrumental case with 'something which grasps). ngana thinamara Variant: thidnamara. n. thirriwa n. east. See: kunangkari; frog. thinankara. thinanipa Variant: thidnanipa. n. thirti n. tea. man on a revenge expedition, thiwi n. flower. kurdaitcha. See: pinya. yanika ngayana dikarnda purriyi thuka-rna vtr. carry on one's back. thinanipa So we called them thinanipa. thukatharri-rna tyutyu thukatharri-rna vi. ride on (eg. a thurruthurrunganka-rna vtr. horse). Nhantunhi kathiyi, heat, make hot. Kawu. ngardanhi waparna Ngathu nhinha jam tin kurrarna, thukatharrirna thurrunhi kurrayi kurrarna. (They) climbed on thurruthurrungankarna. their horses and went away, Yes. I put a jam tin (full of riding away. water) on the fire heating it up. thuku n. back. thuti-rna vtr. bury. mingka thungka n. rotten, stinking. thutiyamayi Cover the hole! thupu n. smoke. See: thurru. thutyu Variant: tyutyu. n. dangerous thangkuthangkuparna thing, snake, biting insect, poison nhayirna thupu In the morning bait. (he) saw the smoke. tyampa-rna vi. be fond of. thurara-rna vi. lie, lie down, sleep. tyangka n. soft. See: parra-rna; muka. tyanma-rna vi. open one's eyes. ngardanhi thurarayi, tyanyu Variant: thanyu. n. kind of thangkuthangkuparna plant. wapalha Then (they) slept to go in the morning. mithanhi tyapuli n. shovel. thuraramayi Lie down on the tyaputyapu n. ball. usually made of ground! gypsum. thurarra n. powder. tyarkara adj. sharp. thurintyi Variant: tyurintyi. n. tyarla n. piece. marrow. See: muku. tyawurra n. trousers. Note: loan from thurla n. chisel. English thurpa-rna vtr. twist, spin, tease. tyika n. mistake. thurripa-rna vtr. pour liquid on, tyikanganka-rna vtr. make a water. mistake. thurru n. fire, firewood. See: thupu; tyili n. spring, soakage, native well. darra. nhayirna karakara Note: usually ngapa jili first thurru nhulu pularni, tyilparku n. kind of bird. wardayari pula thurararna parlkarnanhi, thupu tyiltya Variant: thiltya. n. sinew, calf nhayirna (muscle). thangkuthangkuparna At first tyipityipi Variant: yipiyipi. n. sheep. (he) saw their fire close by where tyuka n. sugar. they were sleeping as they went tyukityuki n. fowl, chicken. along, watching the smoke in the morning. tyukurru n. kangaroo. thurru wilpara n. train. tyurintyi Variant: thurintyi. n. marrow. See: muku. thurruthurru n. hot. See: thurru. tyutyu Variant: thutyu. n. reptile, snake. tyutyu wani-rna tyutyu Variant: thutyu. n. dangerous bait. thing, snake, biting insect, poison W - w -wa postinfl. distal deictic post- waltha-rna vtr. carry on head. inflection. aa nhawuwaku See: parda-rna; wanpa-rna. thurru yarkiyarkitharriyi Nhakandru ngathu palthunhi warritha "Oh, that must be the ngankarda purriya palthunhi fire burning far off." ngankarda purrirnda windri waka n. small, little. kankuyali wata nhantuyali marda yaniya thayirnanthu nganthi waltharnda purrirnda. From waka "Boys shouldn't eat small there I worked on the road, animals like this." working on the road only with horses carrying rocks. wakara-rna vi. come. matya thana wakararna parlkayi walthu n. tired. nguranhi, kardiyalitha walthurri-rna vi. be tired, feel tired. thurrutha ngankarnanhi, walya adv. a while. walya katulha ngankarnanhi So they karlkamayi, karari wama came to the camp as the brother- thayilha "Wait a while to eat in-law was making a fire (and) carpet snake (later) today." making a windbreak. Karna wama n. snake. Note: usually refers to wakararnanhi ngardanhi carpet snake but can be used as a ngayani yathayathayi. If generic term people come then we talk. wana n. yamstick, woman's digging wakari-rna vi. break. stick. See: kira. wakaripa-rna vtr. break. wandra-rna vdi. show. wakarra n. back of neck, nape. wandra n. big and thick. Yini kini waldra n. hot. See: malthi. wandra nhantuyari, kilpa waldra n. year. dangkirdangkiyari. 'Your Nhungkanguka kilpa penis is big and thick like a horse, waldranhi 1927 ngathu like a little donkey.'. ngankarda purriya. There wangi adj. poor, destitute. in for the year of 1927 I wangka-rna vtr. sing. See: wima. worked. wani-rna vi. begin, start. thariyali waldrawirti n. yesterday. nganthi See: thangkuparna; karari. warduwardungankarna, walkarra n. sadness. Note: occurs with thariyali waniyi, thayilha ergative case marker and ngana Breaking up the meat, the young 'to be' Wata nganhi walkarrali man began to eat (it). nganarna wapayi I am not sad. wani-rna vtr. follow. walki-rna vi. move to and fro. walpala n. white man. waninthi-rna warrawarrapa-rna waninthi-rna vtr. follow after. warara-rna vtr. leave, leave behind. yundru ngantyayi, Ngardanhi pulali thananha wapalha, waninthilha wararayi. Then they left them. ngaldra? "Do you want to go Wararamayi, nhawu so we can follow after (him)?" kartyirnanthu. "Leave him to wanku n. snake. come around". wanpa-rna vtr. carry on body part warda n. corroboree headdress. (head, shoulder, back). wardaru preddet. how. See: yani; See: parda-rna; waltha-rna. yaru. Ngathu yakalkarnda wanpi-rna vi. have an erection. "Wardaru yanika?" I asked "How is this?" wanthi-rna vtr. search, look for. wardayari n. where. nhayirna wanthi-rna aux. distant past tense karakara first thurru nhulu auxiliary. pularni, wardayari pula wantya-rna vtr. try. thurararna parlkarnanhi, wapa-rna vi. go, move. ngardanhi thupu nhayirna thana yarla wapayi Then they thangkuthangkuparna At first all went together. Wapamayi! (he) saw their fire close by where 'Go away!' (Emily said). they were sleeping as they went wapalka-rna vtr. go with, take. along, watching the smoke in the morning. wapa-rna aux. auxiliary marking habitual aspect. wardu n. short. -wara nderiv. plural noun formative. warkamandra-rna vtr. tie, ite up, tangle. wara-rna vtr. throw, drop. ngardanhi pulali warayi warku adj. crosswise. yinka, wararna nhungkangu warla n. nest. miri kariyamayi kankunhi Then the two of them warlaya, kapi manilha "Climb threw the string, throwing (it) to up above to the nest to get the the boy. eggs!" wara-rna aux. auxiliary verb marking warli pro. who, someone. past tense. warli n. house. warangu pro. to who? warlpa-rna vtr. cover. waranha pro. who, someone. warlpardaka-rna vtr. cover. warapa-rna vtr. tell. warni pro. whose? warapatharri-rna vi. tell. Nganhi warpa-rna vi. canter. marlarlu yulyanhi warra n. half. warapatharrilha nganayi. I'll truly tell the police all warrangantyu n. left-hand, left- about it. handed. nganhi warrangantyu "I am left-handed." warrawarrapa-rna vtr. disparage, run someone down. warritha wirlpa warritha n. far, distant. kanku wilha Variant: widlha. n. woman. yindrayi, pula warritharlu See: mathari; mankarra. waparnanhi, nhayirna nhulu wilhapina n. old woman. See: wilha. pulanha pirta mirindru yini yathamayi wilhapinanhi warritha The boy cried as they nhangkanguparra, went further and further, ngamamayi wilha Tell the old watching them in the distance woman to sit down! from the top of the tree. wilpara n. wheeled vehicle, train. warriwarri-rna vi. die of thirst, perish. thurru wilpara n. train. warru n. white. wilyarru n. cicatrisation ceremony. warrukathi n. emu. Dromaius wilyirri n. bottom, buttocks. See: piti. novaehollandiae. wima n. corroboree, ceremony. See: kirli-rna; wangka-rna. windri part. only. ngarla kankuyali windri nandrayi kartiwarru But the boy only killed a kartiwarru lizard. winkarra n. yam. winma-rna vtr. insert, put in. winpa-rna vtr. ask repetitively for, warta n. butt of tree. pester. waru adv. long ago. waru nganhi wintha adv. when. wintha ngathu yatharna wanthiyi diyari I kupula wata thapayi used to speak Diyari long ago. parrawarrarna When I drink I warulha adj. old. warulha don't get drunk. nhawuya "This (campsite) is winthamingkanha n. Frome Creek. old." wintharranaya n. how long. wata part. not, don't. nhulu kankuyali wata ngantyayi wirari-rna vi. wander about. Yaruka ngamalha The boy didn't want nganhi waparnda purrirnda to stay. wata thayiyamayi wanthiyi wirarirndayina "Don't eat (that)!" nhayirnda purrilhali mitha. I went like that going about wathara n. wind. See: wityikura. looking. wathi-rna vtr. erect, build. wirdi n. outer one of a set. watyama-rna vtr. wash. Note: loan wirlpa n. hole. Note: inside some from English 'wash'em' element See: kurdu. wayi-rna vtr. cook. ya pakarna kankuyali wayiyi kartiwarru And the boy cooked the kartiwarru lizard also. wayikalkunha n. Clayton Creek. wirluru wuldru wirluru n. bush stone-curlew. Burhinus wita adj. lined up, in a row, through. grallarius. witiminiri n. hat. wityikura n. whirlwind, willy-willy. -wu postinfl. exclamatory final vowel distortion. "Matya nhawuparrawu!" "That's him!" wuldru n. narrow. wirpa n. pubic tassel. wirri-rna vi. enter, go in, wear (clothing). Note: place entered is in locative case See: kathi-rna. kardi mara wirrirna kankuya marnanhi The brother-in-law's hand went into the boy's mouth. kathi thana wirrirnda purriyi They used to wear clothes. wirringa-rna vi. go in along. Nhawu panturanhi wirringarna yarra nhaka nhawu mitha tharlatha Murrayville windrilha yini wakararnda purrilhali Ouyen. He went into the boundary there at the place called Murrayville, where you come to Ouyen. wirri-rna vi. be painted. Note: thing one is painted with is in ergative case as instrument wirripa-rna vtr. paint. ngardanhi marniyali wirripayi pulali Then they painted (him) with fat. wirti n. along. Note: acts like a postposition with locations to indicate movement along a path and with temporal words to indicate duration through a period of time  yarkarla Y - y ya conj. and. -yani vinfl. implicated different -ya postinfl. near. subject. See: -rnanthu. Nhaka ngathu ngankarda purriyi -ya case. dative case. kardi mara farmanhi windri nhawu wirrirna kankuya marnanhi kilpa waldra murdarnanthu The brother-in-law's hand went murdarnda purriyani 1932. I into the boy's mouth. worked there on a farm only to -ya vinfl. imperative mood. Note: the end of the year 1932. suffix for verbs ending in i or u yanku n. grandfather, father’s father. -ya case. allative case. miri yantakara n. west. See: kundankari; kariyamayi warlaya, kapi thinankara. manilha "Climb up above to the nest to get the eggs!" yapa n. fear, afraid. Note: used in ergatvie case with ngana , person -ya vinfl. past tense suffix. or thing one is afraid of is in -ya nderiv. dubitative. Note: added to locative case "Yura ngakarni interrogatives it indicates an nhantu yapa yingkirda indefinite reading purriyi." You are making my yakalka-rna vtr. ask. Thanali horses afraid. nganha yakalkarnda yapi-rna vtr. burn. See: yarki-rna. purriya. They asked me. yara adv. hence, this way (direction Ngathu yakalkarnda towards speaker). See: yarra. "Wardaru yanika?" I asked Yara wapanimayi, "How is this?" dangardangarna. Come over yakayayi int. hooray! here and hunt (him) away. yakayita n. gate. yardi-rna vi. lie, tell lies, tell yakutha n. bag. falsehood. Note: person one tells -yali case. ergative case. Note: for lie to is in locative case disyllables ending in i or u nhawuparra kankuanku See: -li. nhulu kankuyali yardiyi The boy is telling a lie. wata ngantyayi ngamalha -yari postinfl. semblative post- The boy didn't want to stay. inflectional suffix. ya kardiyali yama n. net, fishing net. wama ya kapirri ya kadni nandrayi And the brother-in- yampa n. wild, untamed. law killed carpet snake, and kinthala yampa n. dingo, wild goanna, and frill-necked lizard. dog. yarkarla n. neck, throat. yani preddet. like this. See: yaru. yarki-rna yingkangu yarki-rna vi. burn. kakuya kardiya yatha-rna vtr. tell off, scold, argue thurru yarkiyi nhawuka with. See: yatha-rna. warritha "That is my sister and -yathi vinfl. lest, or else. pirtanhi brother-in-law's fire burning far kurramayi mirkali thananha off." matyatha yarkiyilhaku thayiyathi Hang it in the tree nhawu thurru This fire has or the ants might eat them. just been burning. yawa n. grass onion. yarkitharri-rna vi. be burning, do yawarra n. language. wintha yini on burning. aa nhawuwaku waparna yini ngakangu thurru yarkiyarkitharriyi yundru yakalkayi yundru warritha "Oh, that must be ngantyayi diyari yawarra the fire burning far off." yathayathalha When you go yarla adj. elsewhere, together. tell them you want to learn to ngardanhi thana yarla speak Diyari. wapayi Then they all went yawarra yingkirnayitya n. together. preacher, missionary. Note: yarni-rna vi. lean. literally 'giver of words' yarra adv. thence, that way (direction yawurla n. flame. light. away from speaker). Nhawu yawurla n. soul. panturanhi wirringarna yarra nhaka nhawu mitha -yi vinfl. present tense suffix. tharlatha Murrayville He -yi postinfl. exalamation distortion of went into the boundary there at final syllable of noun. the place called Murrayville. yika-rna vtr. squeeze. yartu adj. sated, full up. -yina postinfl. tag question post- yarturi-rna vi. become sated, inflectional suffix. Yaruka become full. nganhi waparnda purrirnda yaru preddet. like that, thus. yaruya wanthiyi wirarirndayina pakarna nhungkarni kardi nhayirnda purrilhali mitha. I yathayi His brother-in-law said went like that going about the same thing. looking. yatha-rna vi. speak, say. Note: person yinanha Variant: yidnanha. pro. spoken to is in locative case you, second person singular yaruya pakarna nhungkarni accusative pronoun. See: yini; kardi yathayi His brother-in- nganha. law said the same thing. kardi yindra-rna vi. cry. kanku yindrayi yathayi kankunhi, The boy cried. patharanhi karirnanthu The yingkangu pro. second person brother-in-law told the boy to singular locative. yatharna climb the box tree. Yundru warayi yingkangu I talked to wata nganha kurrakarnanhi you. nganhi yulyanhi yathalha nganayi. 'If you don't let me go, I'll tell the police.'. yingkarni yurndayurnda yingkarni pro. your, second person yulya n. police. singular dative. wata ngurra yundru pro. second person singular ngamarnanhi ngathu ergative case pronoun. ngandrinhi yathayi, See: yini; ngathu; nhulu; ngandrinhi yingkarnanhi If nhandru. you don't sit quiet I'll tell your yunka n. jealous, sulky. mother. yunkari-rna vi. become jealous. yingki-rna vdi. give. ngardanhi yingkiyi, nhuwa yupa-rna vtr. annoy, tease. yupalha nhungkarnali thayirnanthu ngayananha thikayi Then he gave (some meat) to his kankuanku nhawu The boy wife to eat. came back to annoy us. yinha Variant: yidnha. pro. you, yura pro. you all. See: yini; yula. second person singular "Yura ngakarni nhantu accusative pronoun. yapa yingkirda purriyi." You are making my horses afraid. yini Variant: yidni. pro. you, second person singular nominative yurlka-rna vtr. swallow. See: thayi- pronoun. See: yundru; nganhi; rna; thapa-rna. nhawu; nhani. yurlku n. throat. yinka n. string. string made from yurndayurnda n. tadpole. human hair. ngardanhi pulali See: thinamara. warayi yinka, wararna nhungkangu kankunhi Then the two of them threw the string, throwing (it) to the boy. yinpa-rna vtr. send. yipiyipi Variant: tyipityipi. n. sheep. yirpa-rna vtr. pull. yirripa-rna vtr. warn. yirtyi-rna vi. get up, arise, wake up. ngardanhi thana yirtyiyi, wapalha Then they got up to go. yirtyiyamayi ngapa manirna karirranhi Wake up and get water from the creek. yirtyipa-rna vtr. make someone wake up, get someone up. pulu yirtyipayi, muka nhawu ngurra thurarayi I can't wake him up, he keeps sleeping. yula Variant: yudla. pro. you two. See: yini; yura.