t C H A P T E R T E N Buddhism, Alcohol,andTbain MedieualChina JauEs A. BEuN Late medieval China (D"g ff dynasty, 618-907) witnessed a relarively rapid change in drinking habits asalcohol increasingly made way to tea as the drink of choice at all levels of sociery.This shift cannot be understood without appreciating the fact that Buddhists were active not only in changing people's attitudes toward intoxicating substances,but also in spreadittgie" &inking throughout the empire. Till the middle of the eighth .itrt,rry t-." *", known as a regional speciality of South China, but by the end of the ninth century it had become a vital component in the economy and in everyday life through- out the empire (ceresa r996).Alcohol, which was drunk not only for p"er- sonal pleasurebut also to strengthen social bonds and for ritual purposes,was faced with a rival for the first time in Chinese history. Buddhists and Daoistshad enjoyed a long associationwith tea in the South, but it was not until Luyu" Ell (733-.904j compilarion of the cha jing#+{g (ClassicofTea) and the dissemination of tea drinking by irinerant Chan monks that tea culture became widely popular. Tea was i-pott"ttt for maintaining long periods of meditation, but like alcohol it also provided inspiration foi poets and had well-known medicinal qualities. The new beverage brought with it a certain sobriety and clearheadednessand also profo,r.r&y affecied networks of knowledge and the very ways in which ideas were exchanged. Since people's attitudes and worldviews are often tied to the commodi- ties they use,it ought to be possible to trace the cultural shift from alcohol to_teathrough surviving texts.-Weshall now sample a wide variety ofmedieval Chinese texts of different genres in order to shtw how Buddhist ideasboth drove and were affected by this cultural shift. 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