Why did Judaeans go to war with Rome? Realist-Regional Perspectives
Steve Masonvisibility
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The view from Masada is haunting. Below, rubble walls separate Roman order from peaceful desert; above, ghosts of zealots are conjured variously by pilgrim, academic, and politician. The mute rocks and the whispering ghosts still quarrel over how to preserve the memory of the bitter pageant enacted here. How can we understand the actors and the meanings of their roles? The rocks are not simply Roman-they are fragments of the land, acted upon by hands and tools under Roman direction. Nor were the besieged simply Jews-they were a faction who preyed upon Jew and gentile alike. Such distinctions are often a matter of perspective. A legionary of X Fretensis may not have been able to distinguish between competing Jewish identities, nor terribly interested in trying to do so. Likewise, academic perspectives that attempt to understand the revolt in religious terms often struggle to generalize Roman attitudes toward the Jews as hostile or benign, since there is a basis for either. A perspective informed by a consideration of insurgency and counterinsurgency, prompted by questions peculiar to that field of study, enhances our ability to examine, differentiate, and understand Roman behaviors and actions in the period leading up to and including the revolt. For instance, the "tolerance" toward the Jews associated with Julius Caesar may be understood not only as a disposition toward a particular ethnicity, but as an imperial policy to avert the threat of insurrection from a minority population-one that may be compared and contrasted with other peoples, like the Iceni, and one that might be compared with the modern COIN hearts and minds doctrine.
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