Peyrot 2008: More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udānavarga fragments

More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 83 More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 1. In the decipherment of Tocharian, bilingual texts have played a crucial role. In this respect, the text that has been most helpful for Tocharian B is the Udanavarga (a.o. the sarvastivada equivalent of the Dhammapada), of which there is a bilingual version where each San- skrit half pada is directly followed by a Tocharian B word-for-word translation. The most important publications of this bilingual are Sieg and Siegling (1930–2), Lévi (1911; 1933: 39–56) and Sieg and Siegling (1953: 190–202). After the publication of the complete Sanskrit text by Bernhard (1965, 1968), Thomas further studied various grammatical and lexical correspondences of original and translation (1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1974a, 1975, 1977a, 1977b, 1989, 1993). Furthermore, he republished the fragments that had already been published by Sieg and Siegling (Sieg and Siegling 1930–2; Thomas 1971a), and he published eight more frag- ments that had previously been identified by Bernhard (Thomas 1974; Bernhard 1965: 79)1, as well as two rest fragments (1977, 19802). Finally, Pinault published a fragment of the Paris collection (1994: 108–114). Unfortunately, despite the fact that the bilinguals identified so far are of inestimable value for Tocharian studies, the portion known of the Tocharian B text is relatively small. In the following, I present an- other forty-four small fragments that can hopefully promote the study of this important text. 2. The transliteration of the fragments is done in the traditional way,3 except that I have not restored the text in the transliteration. After 1 The press marks of these fragments are: TX1 (Bernhard TX78) = THT1350; TX2 = THT1368; TX3 = THT1318; TX4 (Bernhard TX86) = THT1355; TX5 (Bernhard TX87) = THT1362a; TX6 (Bernhard TX89) = THT1327; TX7 = THT1333; TX8 (Bernhard TX99) = THT1362b. 2 Unfortunately, I have not been able to identify the small fragment he mentions on page 245. 3 Square brackets ‘[]’ indicate uncertain readings, ‘–’ indicates an unreadable akflsara, ‘(–)’ means that a whole akflsara is lost, and ‘·’ indicates an unreadable part of an akflsara. A middle dot ‘·’ over the virama stroke is used for the virama dot. Indogermanische Forschungen, 113. Band, 83–125 DOI 10.1515/IDGF.2008.005 © Walter de Gruyter 2008 ISSN 0019-7262 84 Michaël Peyrot each line I give the reference for the Udanavarga (Uv.; according to Bernhard 1965), and problems with the identification are discussed in a short commentary on the fragment. A reconstruction of the Tochar- ian words (if possible) is given in a standard transcription without Fremdzeichen, with references to the attestations in the manuscripts. The reconstruction is followed by the original Sanskrit line and an English translation of the Sanskrit text. I have used a provisional list of the British Library in which old press marks were given and some- times a remark about the appurtenance to the Udanavarga was made. In principle, the old press marks are based on this list; it will be re- ferred to as ‘the list of the British Library’. NB: I would like to thank Dr Tatsushi Tamai of Frankfurt Univer- sity, who very kindly put his transliteration of the unpublished Tochar- ian fragments of the Berlin collection at my disposal. Without his transliteration it would never have been possible to identify the Berlin fragments presented here. The full responsibility for the transliter- ation given in the following is, however, mine.4 The transliteration of the London fragments I have done myself within the framework of the titus tocharica project, where I have profited much from Dr Tamai’s advice. IOL Toch 3685 The old press mark of this fragment is D9 and it measures 4.1 cm in height and 5.6 cm in width.6 It contains three lines on each side and it is to be joined with IT2337 (old press marks H.add.149.109, U1; cf. Thomas 1971a: 7). 4 The official designation of the Berlin collection is Depositum der Berlin-Bran- denburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz – Orientabteilung. I would like to thank Prof Peter Zieme and Dr Simone-Christiane Raschmann for their kind help with checking the Berlin originals. 5 At the time of writing, recto and verso of this fragment were reversed on the website of the International Dunhuang Project (idp.bl.uk), as well as those of IOL Toch 103, 308, 479, 505, 715, 807, 809, 928, 931, 988, 1027, 1243. Since according to plan this will be corrected in the near future, the problem is noted only here. 6 I give the maximum sizes. 7 I use ‘IT’ as a short form of ‘IOL Toch’.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 85 Transliteration: recto 1 /// – sflfl s[e]ntse ma olank ˙ _ a_ /// to IT233a1 /// wik_ a_ slyi fl Uv. 1.27d recto 2 /// [k]·[s]·ts_ a_ ññe yän·a – /// to IT233a2 /// _sfl_sfla_ [m] fl 1.28b recto 3 /// [8] dhik ·a /// to IT233a3 /// ·[t]v(a)m 1.29a verso 5 /// [s_´a_ ·] nke ˙ v [s´]· /// to IT233b5 /// s´unyo 1.35b verso 6 /// [v]ata pu¯tin· – /// to IT233b6 /// sada 1.36b verso 7 /// – 6 anena pu¯ti – /// to IT233b7 /// [k]ayena 1.37a Notes: b5: the sequence [s_´a_ ·] nke ˙ is mysterious. Since it should translate ´ adhiseflsyate ‘will lie on’, and nke ˙ does not look like (a part of) a 3sg.sbj. form, I suppose that we have to separate s´ä· nke ˙ and complete (lya)s´ä(m) fl nke ˙ ‘will lie then’, though it is remarkable that nke ˙ ‘then’ is added. Reconstruction: 1.27d /// (s´ai)flsflsentse ma olankä ˙ wikäflslyi IT233+368a1 kama hi lokasya na supraheyahfl ‘for the ordinary, desires are not easy to keep away’ 1.28b /// k(t)s(ai)tsäññe yänmaflsflsäm fl IT233+368a2 ´ hy atho sariram api jaram upaiti ‘and likewise the body enters old age’ 1.35b /// (lya)s´ä(m) fl nke ˙ IT233+368b5 pflrthivim adhis´eflsyate ‘[this body] will lie on the earth’ IOL Toch 862 This fragment measures 4.5 cm in height and 3.9 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// tusaks· – /// Uv. 1.42a recto 2 /// ·[s]· [a]ke lkaflsflseñc[a] /// 1.42b recto 3 /// paragahfl tako[y]· /// 1.42d recto 4 /// [t]e m[u¯]l· /// 2.1a verso 1 /// [p]lask· – /// 2.1c verso 2 /// [y]·te bhayam·0 y·e /// 2.2b verso 3 /// ·e··m fl memtsi fl kutame[·] /// 2.2d verso 4 /// – tibhyo ·i /// 2.3c 86 Michaël Peyrot Notes: b1: probably 1sg.sbj. plaskau; some rests of the vocalism are visible, but < au > cannot be read with certainty. b3: the anusvara dot of kutamem fl is lost right of the edge. Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 716 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb20 and in the list of the British Library it was assigned to Uv. 2.8. It measures 5.4 cm in height and 6.5 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – sk· 2 rat[ibh]y· /// Uv. 2.2d–3a recto 2 /// – (–) lpo[fl_sa_ ]ntso nasti /// v 2.3c–d recto 3 /// skari ecce ri[t·o] /// 2.4b recto 4 /// [dha] fl m fl [ba] /// 2.5a verso 1 /// [a]th··[r]· /// 2.7d verso 2 /// ·[t]i tv anitya ka – /// 2.8b verso 3 /// – (–) [g]·tam fl [mflrt]yudheyam fl va /// 2.8d verso 4 /// – l[sk]osa ma [m _ a_ ] – [r]·e /// 2.9b Notes: a1: slight rests of an < r > in ligature and an <o> are visible, so we should read (pro)sk(o). Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 765 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb69 and it measures 4.6 cm in height and 5.0 in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [tu] nekarflske y[pa] /// v Uv. 2.4a recto 2 /// – n ulkeva /// 2.4d recto 3 /// [sk]·mfl ·o /// 2.5a verso 1 /// – (8) /// verso 2 /// kama ya – /// 2.7a verso 3 /// [lm]· tiflsflthanti ci – /// v 2.7b–c  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 87 Notes: a1: the last akflsara might also be < yu >, but in view of other < p >’s and <nu> in a2, <ypa> is slightly likelier. a2: as nulkeva is written together, we have to assume that either the scribe cut the original Skt. line wrongly, or that lines c and d were given at once.8 a3: the rests are poor, but (we)sk(e)m fl (kly)o(moñ) is a probable res- titution: a vestige of the e-vocalism can be seen on top of the < sk > and the traces under the < o > could well be from < k >. Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 554 The old press mark of this fragment is D195 and it measures 4.1 cm in height and 2.7 in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// j·flsu [k]· /// Uv. 2.8a recto 2 /// kormem fl ma [n]· /// 2.8c recto 3 /// ls[k]osa ma – /// 2.9b verso 1 /// kam fl stokam fl k[·]a /// 2.10b verso 2 /// mt_ 0 ewemem fl /// 2.11a verso 3 /// sar[v]am fl ·e – /// 2.12a Reconstruction: 1.42a tusaksa sek fl ompalskoññene wina yamofls kakraupaflsäm fl AS1Aa2–3, IT862a1 tasmat sada dhyanaratahfl samahita ‘therefore, [you who] always honour meditation, and are concentrated’ 1.42b etsarkällecci cmelle ktsaitsäññentse ake lkaflsflseñcañ AS1Aa3–4, IT862a2 hy atapino jatijarantadars´inahfl ‘and zealous, and see the end of birth and age,’ 1.42d takoycer cmelle srukallentse totte ynucañ AS1Ab1, IT862a3 bhaveta jatimaranasya fl paragahfl ‘may you reach the other shore of birth and death’ 8 Cf. Bernhard 2.4c–d: kama dahanti vai balan ulkevamuñcatahfl karam ||. 88 Michaël Peyrot 2.1c /// plask(au) IT862b1 na tvam fl samkalpayifl fl syami ‘I will not imagine you’ 2.2b y(s´)e(lmenmem) fl /// IT862b2 kamebhyo jayate bhayam ‘from desires arises fear’ 2.2d (ma n)e(sä)m fl memtsifl kutame(m fl pro)sk(o) IT862b3, IT716a1 nasti s´okahfl kuto bhayam ‘there is no grief, let alone fear’ 2.3c /// (tsä)lpoflsäntso IT716a2 ratibhyo vipramuktanam ‘for those who are freed from pleasures’ 2.4a nekarflske ypa(rwe) /// IT765a1 madhuragra vipake tu ‘pleasant at first, but when ripe’ 2.4b (rä)skari ecce rit(t)o(fls) IT716a3 kafltuka hy abhinanditahfl ‘bitter are the things that delight’ 2.5a /// (we)sk(e)m fl (kly)o(moñ) IT765a3 na tad dflrdha fl m fl bandhanam ahur aryahfl ‘noble men say that that fetter is not strong’ 2.7b /// (ys´e)lm(e) IT765b3 samkalparaga fl hfl puruflsasya kamahfl ‘the desire of man is coloured by imagination’ 2.8c /// (yai)kormem fl ma n(ano) /// IT554a2 tams fl tu prahaya hy apunarbhavaya ‘who renounces [desires] in order to be born again’ 2.9b (pä)lskosa ma mä(rka)r(tsts)e /// IT716b4, IT554a3 manasanavilo bhavet ‘one should not be troubled by the mind’ 2.11a /// (ra)mt ewemem fl /// IT554b2 rathakara iva carmana fl hfl ‘like a chariot-maker who [cuts out] from leather’ IOL Toch 371 The old press mark of this fragment is D12 and it measures 2.9 cm in height and 7.8 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – [st]· [ek]alymi 14 gflr v Uv. 2.14d–15a recto 2 /// – [t]e r[a]ta s[·]ai v 2.15b verso 1 /// [v]y·flsu – mepu v 2.18a verso 2 /// – yän[m]afl_s_sfla_ m fl tflrflsnakfl v fl saya 2.18b–c  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 89 Notes: b1: – mepu is a mistake for (ka)meflsu Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 1027 This fragment measures 3.6 cm in height and 3.1 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Since the interval between the lines is smaller than in IT715 (cf. directly below), these fragments do not belong to the same leaf. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [d]·vye[fls]u /// Uv. 2.18a recto 2 /// y[ä]nmafl_s_sfla_ m fl – /// 2.18b recto 3 /// – /// verso 1 /// [|| k]·[m]· – /// 2.20end verso 2 /// jantunahfl /// 3.1a verso 3 /// enka·[e] ˙ /// 3.1b Notes: b1: probably || k(a)m(avargah).fl b3: the position of the e-vocalism of the third akflsara implies an < l >. Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 715 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb19 and it measures 3.8 cm in height and 4.2 cm in width. This fragment does not belong together with either IT267 or IT152, because it overlaps with both. Its line interval is larger than in IT1027, and so it is not from the same leaf as IT1027 either. Transliteration: recto 1 /// ·[a]vakahfl sada [p]u¯ /// v Uv. 2.18d recto 2 /// ñi semepi fl [e] /// v 2.19c–d recto 3 /// ·a – /// verso 1 /// – /// verso 2 /// ·[ka]flsflseñcants· /// 3.1b verso 3 /// ks·lñene no kuse [w]i /// 3.2a verso 4 /// – ·o·i ba – – /// 3.2d 90 Michaël Peyrot Notes: b2: of the < k > only minimal rests remain. Reconstruction: 2.14d /// (yama)st(rä) ekalymi IT371a1 fl na kurute vas´am ‘desire does not control him’ tflrflsna 2.15b s(n)ai /// wina y(a)m(o)fls IT371a2, IT152a7 hy adharme bata te ratahfl ‘they are pleased with the unlawful indeed’ 2.18b /// yänmaflsflsäm fl IT371b2, IT1027a2 sa ratim fl nadhigacchati ‘he obtains no delight’ 2.18d pudñäktentse9 /// IT267a4, IT715a1 buddhanam fl s´ravakahfl sada ‘the disciple of the Buddhas always …’ 2.19c tu ma ekañi semepi fl IT152b6, IT715a2, IT267a6 vittam fl tamfl nalam ekasya ‘… [would] not [be] sufficient wealth for a single man’ 3.1b /// enka(lñ)e ˙ /// (l)kaflsflseñcants(e) IT1027b3, IT715b2 tivraragasya s´ubhanudars´inahfl ‘for him who has fierce desire, and contemplates pleasant things’ 3.2a /// ks(e)lñene no kuse wi(na) IT715b3 vitarkavyupas´ame tu yo ratahfl ‘but he who is pleased with the qui- escence of doubts’ IOL Toch 928 This fragment measures 5.1 cm in height and 4.6 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – sada smflrta /// Uv. 4.1d recto 2 /// – rmem fl apra[m]a /// v 4.2a–b recto 3 /// ta snai-ykorñe – /// v 4.2c recto 4 /// – p·m·[t]· /// 4.3a verso 1 /// – m·sth·n· /// 4.4e verso 2 /// [ai]s´aumye aknat[s]· /// 4.4f verso 3 /// na damena [c]· /// 4.5b verso 4 /// ·[au]mye tam o[gh]· /// v 4.5c–d 9 The gen.sg., deviant from the Skt., is attested in IT267, cf. Thomas (1971: 14).  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 91 Notes: a1: smflrta(h)fl must be an error for mflrtah. fl a2: the hiatus-resolving hy is lacking before aprama(dasya) (this oc- curs frequently with these padas divided in two, because there is no hi- atus anyway, cf. Thomas 1974: 82, 1977b: 271 and e.g. B101a3 as(m)im fl for hy asmim).fl Reconstruction: 4.2a /// (kärso)rmem fl IT928a2 etam fl vis´eflsatam fl jñatva ‘knowing this characteristic …’ 4.2c snai-ykorñe(cce) /// IT928a3 apramadam fl pramudyeta ‘he should rejoice in carefulness’ 4.4f ais´aumye aknats(am) fl /// IT928b2 dhiro balan avekflsate ‘the wise looks down on fools’ 4.5c /// (ais´)aumye IT928b4 dvipam fl karoti medhavi ‘the wise makes an island’ IOL Toch 479 The old press mark of this fragment is D120 and it measures 4.0 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// ·t_ · [·t]· /// Uv. recto 2 /// knesa [s´]·[y]·ñca /// 4.6c recto 3 /// ·[s]m·tr_ a_ 6 adhi[ce] /// 4.6d recto 4 /// – ·[a] ·i – ·o /// verso 1 /// ·r· – – [n]· [n]· /// 4.8b verso 2 /// p[i]lko ma cäñca /// 4.8c verso 3 ///[8 s]a – g[d]·[fls·]i /// 4.9a verso 4 /// ·e ·e /// Notes: b2: one could think of an opt. cäñci-ne as a translation of roceta, but there is no opt. attested to cwnk- ˙ ‘to please’, and the reading is certain: no trace of i-vocalism is visible. Reconstruction: 4.6c /// (pelai)knesa s´(a)y(e)ñca(ntse) IT479a2 92 Michaël Peyrot samyatasya fl hi dharmajivinahfl ‘for him who is self-restrained, lives according to the law,’ 4.6d /// (t)sm(e)trä IT479a3 hy apramattasya yas´o ’bhivardhate ‘and is careful, fame increases’ 4.8c /// pilko ma cäñca(n-ne) IT479b2 mithyadflrflsfltim fl na roceta ‘one should not like a wrong view’ IOL Toch 560 The old press mark of this fragment is D201 and in the list of the British Library it was assigned to Uv. 5.25. It measures 2.8 cm in height and 5.0 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// nk ˙ _ a_ mts fl _sflp_ a_ lare m _ a_ – /// Uv. 5.25a recto 2 /// ·[a]s´[a]msya fl hfl [c]e /// 5.25c verso 1 /// y· 25 a /// 5.25d–26a verso 2 /// – lomem fl _sfl·a_ [al·i] /// 5.26b Notes: a2: for ce as the beginning of the translation of dflrflsflte ca dharme, cf. B547a2 dflrflsflta eva dharme cek cmelne. Maybe we have ce cmelne or v cek cmelne ‘in this birth’ here, too. b1: it seems that there is no vowel sign on the < y >, but this is not totally certain: maybe we should read (ymi)y(e) for -gatih? fl b2: only the upper part of an < a > can be seen, so it could also be < a >, which might even be more likely because of the large space be- fore the marginal rests of < l[·]i > or < l[·]i > to the right. I suppose that we have an optative form of al- ‘to keep away’ here, i.e. alyi, alyiträ or alyiträ, as a translation of nivarayet. Reconstruction: 5.25a (alye)nkä ˙ mts fl spä fl lare mä(sketär) IT560a1 pareflsam fl ca priyo bhavati ‘and he is dear to the others’ 5.25c ce /// IT560a2 dflrflste ca dharme pras´amsya fl hfl ‘in the present existence he is worthy of praise’ 5.25d /// (ymi)y(e)? IT560b1 samparaye ca sadgatihfl ‘he is happy in the other world’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 93 5.26b (yo)lomemfl s(p)ä fl al(y)i(trä) IT560b2 casabhyac ca nivarayet ‘and he should keep the indecent away’ IOL Toch 988 This fragment measures 6.5 cm in height and 6.2 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – /// Uv. recto 2 /// – – (– –) – vita /// v 6.11b recto 3 /// – sambhava[ fl h] fl sn[ai] me /// 6.11d recto 4 /// raupadhihfl k_ a_ rsau s·ai /// 6.12b recto 5 /// [1]2 u – /// 6.13a verso 1 /// [j]ñ[a] ca – ///v 6.13c verso 2 /// aipornek_ 0 suwam v fl /// 6.14a verso 3 /// – tam fl nabhi[v]ar[fls]a[ti] m _ a_ – /// 6.14d verso 4 /// ·[e] (– –) paflsflso /// 6.15b verso 5 /// – – /// Notes: a2: this seems to be the end of Uv. 6.11b, though in Bernhard’s edi- tion it reads subhavitahfl and has no other variant reading than su- bhavita. Reconstruction: 6.11d snai-me(ntsi) /// IT988a3 ´ tv asokahfl kflsinasa fl mbhava fl hfl ‘he is free of grief and his rebirths have come to an end’ 6.12b kärsau s(n)ai /// IT988a4 ajñatavi niraupadhihfl ‘[he who] has perfect understanding and is not attached to rebirth’ 6.14a aipornek suwam fl IT988b2 channam evabhivarflsati ‘it rains down on something that is covered’10 10 The interpretation of this line is controversial, because Skt. channam ‘covered’ can both be subject and object. I prefer to take it as the object here, because, ap- parently, that is how the Tocharians understood it when they rendered channam with the locative aipornek. The alternative translation is ‘a covered sky rains down [on you]’. 94 Michaël Peyrot 6.14d mä(ntrakka) /// IT988b3 evamfl tam fl nabhivarflsati ‘so it does not rain down on it’ 6.15b (fls)e(k pa)paflsflso(rñentane) /// IT988b4 sada s´ileflsu panfl dita fl hfl ‘the wise man [should] always [train on] in vir- tues’ IOL Toch 457 The old press mark of this fragment is D98 and it measures 4.2 cm in height and 3.6 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// p[o]st_ a_ n no _ra_ [s]· /// Uv. 9.11c recto 2 /// buddhyate [ya] /// v 9.12b recto 3 /// [wa]rsa ·e /// 9.12d verso 1 /// m i[v]· ·[u] /// 9.17b verso 2 /// [v]analahfl s·e /// 9.17d verso 3 /// – sa[m]paraye fl – /// 9.18c Notes: b1: we can read iv(a m)u(rchati) or iv(a m)u(rcchati). The latter is attested as a variant reading next to Bernhard’s mu¯rchati. b2: maybe s[y]e or s[p]e? Reconstruction: 9.11c postän no räs(kare mäsketär) IT457a1 pas´cat tu kafltukamfl bhavati ‘later, however, it becomes bitter’ 9.12b ya(maskemane?) /// IT457a2 kurvam fl balo na budhyate ‘doing [bad deeds], a fool does not recog- nise it’ 9.12d (pu)warsa ·e /// IT457a3 hy agnidagdhaiva tapyate ‘he is tormented as if burnt by fire’ 9.17d s·e /// IT457b2 bhasmacchanna ivanalahfl ‘like fire covered with ashes’ IOL Toch 572 The old press mark of this fragment is D213 and it measures 5.4 cm in height and 2.5 cm in width.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 95 Transliteration: recto 1 /// y· [p]·[l]· /// v Uv. 10.4b recto 2 /// s´raddhaya [t]· /// 10.5a recto 3 /// sa rinas·r_ a_ /// 10.5d recto 4 /// [pr]·jña cai – /// 10.6b recto 5 /// – ya /// recto 6 /// ·[e] – /// verso 1 /// – s´aiflsflse /// 10.9a verso 2 /// ta[r]ad dhana /// 10.9d verso 3 /// [k·yau]fl_sa_ l[y]ñene /// 10.10b verso 4 /// – yam·0 ·e /// 10.11a verso 5 /// – [s_ a_ m]· – /// 10.11c Reconstruction: see below THT 2376g11 and THT 2376i These two fragments must be from the same leaf, but there is a gap of some akflsaras between them. THT2376i is the smaller left hand fragment and it measures 5.8 cm in height and 4.5 cm in width. THT2376g is the larger right hand fragment and it measures 7.0 in height and 8.7 cm in width. Both are in a frame with the label ‘Toch. 573’. Fragment THT2376g, or the two combined, must be the frag- ment with the provisional press mark TB in Bernhard (1965: 79). Transliteration: THT2376i THT 2376g Uv. recto 1 /// la yaiku e – /// v /// s´raddho [n]· /// 10.10c–d 2 /// – theyam·0 pera – /// /// [n·] s[a] le pu¯ny· v fl /// 10.11a–b 3 /// [me]ne ai[lye] /// /// – n[t]amfl varayati – /// v 10.11b–c 4 /// pr[e]mane sa[m]· fl /// /// yä s´ramanan v fl agatam fl dflr·[v]· /// 10.11d–e 5 /// – ·e katkem fl ais´aumyi 11 || da – /// 10.11f–12a 6 /// na[h] fl m _ a_ – ·[ä m]· [m]e ·em fl [o] /// 10.12b 11 Reversed on the internet. 96 Michaël Peyrot verso 1 /// p·nabh· – – [al]y·nk˙ _ a_ [·]ts_ a_ /// 10.12d 2 /// – (–) – /// /// ·[p_ ]· (–) samadhim adhigacchati o /// v 10.12f 3 /// ·w ·te samu[cch]i /// /// ·e no te k_ a_ rstor_ a_ [t]ala – /// v 10.13a–b 4 /// – – [ke] – [r]·o /// /// – ·[a]trau ca su – /// v 10.13b–c 5 /// ·e [y]änmafl_s_sfla_ m fl /// /// ··[m fl n]a seveta [ ] /// v 10.13d–14a 6 /// – lam·0 ·[o]l·e /// /// – [sa] /// v 10.14b–c Notes: a2: the gap is thought to be approximately as big as in line b5: 6 akflsaras. We find pu¯ny(a fl m)fl instead of regular punya fl m. fl a3: -haram of sudurharam is translated with the gerund of ai- ‘to give’, but it should mean ‘to be taken’ here. The meaning ‘to take’ is also attested for the finite middle forms of this verb. a4: yä is a bit lower than the other akflsaras, so it is probably -yä 0 . We find agatam fl instead of Bernhard’s agatam. fl The gap is thought to be approximately as big as in line b3: 3 akflsaras. b1: this should read yasya tv ete, but although the akflsara is da- maged, it looks more like tw ete (cf. wanti B308b4 for vanti). b3: the gap is estimated at 3 akflsaras, because I expect it to contain samucchinnahfl kete only; the Schnurloch must be responsible for the rest of the space. b5: the gap is estimated at 6 akflsaras, because it must contain yän- fl 13 vitas´raddham. maflsflsäm fl Reconstruction: 10.4b p(e)l(aikne) /// IT572a1 dharmam fl nirvanapraptaye fl ‘the law for the attainment of the nirvana’ fl 10.5d /// sa rinas(t)rä IT572a3 prajñaya paris´udhyate ‘one is purified by wisdom’ 10.9a /// s´aiflsflse /// IT572b1 yo jivaloke labhate ‘who obtains in the world of the living …’ 10.10b (kreñce)pi pelaiknemttse fl klyauflsälyñene /// IT572b3, IT101a5 saddharmas´ravane fl ratahfl ‘who is pleased with hearing the good law’ 10.10c yaiku e· /// THT2376i.a1 vinitamatsaryamalahfl ‘who has removed the stains of avarice’ 10.11a pera(ktse) /// /// s· le THT2376i.a2, IT572b4, THT2376g.a2 s´raddho gflrhnati fl patheyam ‘as provisions, the faithful takes’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 97 10.11b yarpo lykamntsa fl olyapotstse waimene ailye THT2376i.a3, IT101b1 punya fl m fl coraihfl sudurharam ‘merit, which is very hard to rob for thieves’ 10.11d premane sa(mani) fl /// /// y THT2376g.a4, THT2376i.a4 harantahfl s´ramana fl hfl priyahfl ‘monks who carry off [merit] are valued’ 10.11f (olyapo)tstse katkem fl ais´aumyi THT2376g.a5, IT101b2 abhinandanti panfl dita fl hfl ‘the wise rejoice’ 10.12b mä(kte) /// ·e ·em fl o(nolmi) THT2376g.a6 yathavibhavato janahfl ‘[some] men [give] according to their wealth’ 10.12d aly(e)nkä(˙ m)ts fl /// THT2376g.b1, IT101b3 pareflsam fl panabhojane ‘about the food and drink [given] to others’ 10.12e ma su inkau ˙ m fl kä(stwer s)p(ä) fl THT2376g.b2, IT101b3 nasau diva ca ratrau ca ‘he does not, by day nor by night,’ 10.12f o(mpalskoññe yänmaflsflsäm) fl THT2376g.b2, = Uv. 10.13d samadhim adhigacchati ‘attain concentration’ 10.13a kete no te kärstor IT26a2, THT2376g.b3 yasya tv ete samucchinnahfl ‘but for whom these are cut off’ 10.13c su i(n)kau ˙ m fl (kästwer) THT2376g.b4, IT101b4 sa vai diva ca ratrau ca ‘he does, by day and by night,’ 10.13d ompalskoññe yänmaflsflsäm fl THT2376i.b5, IT26a2 samadhim adhigacchati ‘attain concentration’ 10.14b (y)olm(e) ramt snai wa(r) THT2376i.b6, IT26a4 hradam fl yadvad dhi nirjalam ‘like a pool without water’ IOL Toch 979 This fragment measures 3.1 cm in height and 3.8 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [t]· [t]· /// Uv. recto 2 /// – wär_ a_ tak_ a_ rflske /// 10.15c recto 3 /// dirya[t]e janahfl t· /// 10.16b verso 1 /// mahfl p·r·k_ a_ ññ·flsflse /// 10end verso 2 /// [h]aya munihfl ka /// 11.1c verso 3 /// d·[dh]a[m] fl e /// 11.2b 98 Michaël Peyrot Notes: b1: I suppose the Skt. reads (das´a)mahfl ‘tenth’, cf. Bernhard’s uddana. Reconstruction: 10.15c /// wärä takärflske /// IT979a2 acchodakam fl viprasannam ‘with clear water, transparent’ 10.16b t(ane) /// IT979a3 hy atra vai diryate janahfl ‘then man is scared indeed’ 10.16end p(e)r(a)käññ(e)flsflse /// IT979b1 s´raddhavargahfl das´amahfl ‘the tenth chapter [or verse collection] about faith’ IOL Toch 807 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb110 and in the list of the British Library it was assigned to Uv. 11.8. It measures 4.4 cm in height and 4.7 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [·n]· /// Uv. recto 2 /// [l_ a_ ]·l· _sflp_ a_ kakr[au] /// 11.8d recto 3 /// [k]·rmabhi[h] fl papaihfl – /// 11.9c recto 4 /// – lo papaflsflsorñe /// 11.10a verso 1 /// w sañ ñäflstr_ a_ 10 sth·v· /// 11.10d–11a verso 2 /// : moha[j]irna fl hfl – /// 11.11d verso 3 /// – tse [v]is´rena[y]· v fl /// 11.12b–c verso 4 /// [a] – – /// v 11.13b Notes: b1: I suppose sañ is just san, nom.sg. ‘enemy’, in samdhi fl before the following ñäflsträ; the ‘10’ has something over it, which might be the stroke of ‘11’, but I assume it is ‘10’ because pada 11 follows. b3: ironically, exactly the same fragmentary correspondence, ‘brahmacaryavan’ : ‘/// tse’, is attested for Uv. 32.19b in IT164b3, cf. Thomas (1971a: 41). b4: probably the beginning of the Sanskrit text of Uv. 11.13b; the hiatus-resolving hy is lacking (which is regular in these half padas, cf. the note to Uv. 4.2b/ IT928a2). Reconstruction: see below  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 99 IOL Toch 505 The old press mark of this fragment is D146 and it measures 4.8 cm in height and 3.2 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [v]· [t]· [p]· /// Uv. 11.11b recto 2 /// – west[r_ a_ ] 11 [y]· /// 11.11d–12a recto 3 /// rmem fl y[am] fl [s]· /// v 11.12c verso 1 /// [ma]na fl hfl [s´]· /// 11.15b verso 2 /// ha we[w]e /// v 11.15d verso 3 /// – – – /// Notes: a2: < st[r_ a_ ]> is added under the line, but no cross, which normally marks an addition, is visible above. Reconstruction: 11.8d lä(k)l(e)12 spä fl kakrau(pauwa) /// IT807a2 duhkhas fl ´ copacita bhavahfl ‘accumulated rebirths are sorrows, too’ 11.10a /// (yo)lo papaflsflsorñe IT807a4 yo ’sav atyantaduhs fl ´ ilahfl ‘he who has excessively bad morals’ 11.10d /// w sañ ñäflsträ IT807b1 yathainam fl dviflsa-d icchati ‘like his enemy wishes [to have] him’ 11.11d /// westrä IT505a2 mohajirna fl hfl sa ucyate ‘he is called “pseudo-old”’ 11.12b /// tse IT807b3 prahaya brahmacaryavan ‘who has put aside [merit and evil], who leads the pure life’ 11.12c (papatka)rmem fl yam fl IT505a3 vis´renayitva fl carati ‘who goes in dissociation’ 11.15d wewe(ñu) /// IT505b2 uktahfl pravrajitas tv iha ‘therefore he is called an “ascetic”’ 12 Different from the Sanskrit, the Tocharian is singular. 100 Michaël Peyrot IOL Toch 772 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb76 and it measures 4.2 cm in height and 2.9 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// jñaya – /// Uv. 12.8b recto 2 /// s_´·· 8 a – /// 12.8d recto 3 /// – ra – /// 12.9c verso 1 /// ·[y]· m _ a_ kt· /// 12.12b verso 2 /// ·[a]ti gan· fl /// 12.12d verso 3 /// ñca ma /// v 12.13a–b Notes: This fragment is from the same leaf as IT122 (U10), but the exact size of the lacuna cannot be counted out, since it always contains some Tocharian text, of which the precise number of syllables is not known. IT772 is from the left side of the leaf, and IT122 from the right side: IT772a1–3 and IT772b3–5 precede IT122a1–3 and IT122b3–5 by ap- proximately one Sanskrit or Tocharian half pada. Reconstruction: 12.8d /// -s´(cä) IT772a2 eflsa margo vis´uddhaye ‘this is the way to complete purity’ 12.12b /// (ytar)y(e) mäkt(e) /// IT772b3 tv ekayano hamsapatho fl yatha hrade ‘like the only certain way of fla- mingos to the pond’ 12.13a /// (lkaflsflse)ñca IT772b5 ekayanam fl jatijarantadars´i ‘he who sees the end of rebirth and old age [proclaims] the only certain [way]’ IOL Toch 579 The old press mark of this fragment is 156Ta5 and in the list of the British Library it was assigned to Uv. 13. It measures 4.4 cm in height and 3.9 cm in width. There is no leaf number preserved and it is there- fore not totally certain that this fragment is from the left side of the leaf – it might also have the Schnurloch space at the left.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 101 Transliteration: recto 1 ·y·[fls]· [sp]flr /// Uv. 13.8b recto 2 lskoñe ma yä /// 13.8d recto 3 tse ahi [m]u¯ – /// v 13.9b–c recto 4 [k·]i s´[r]a – – /// v 13.10a–b verso 1 – [·]m· – (–) – /// verso 2 sanghika ˙ mfl [n]· /// 13.11c verso 3 takam fl s´ile – /// v 13.12a–b verso 4 [s]·[ar]e s´aul_ a_ /// 13.12d Notes: a1: this rest could be from either Uv. 13.8b or 8c, but since line a2 is identified as Uv. 13.8d, it must be 13.8b. a3: the < m > can be read, but I cannot see the expected < r > on top of it; it should read ahir mu¯sakadurga fl m. fl a4: if the lower edge of the fragment is somewhat abraded, the rests that at first sight look like < n > could be from < k > instead, which is what we expect: kwri ‘if’ as a translation of cet. b4: B31a5 has astrem fl s´aul, but this cannot be read here. Rather, the rests point to the regular prose form astare (the translation in B31a5 is less literal and versified, and probably differed from the one here). Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 1187 This fragment measures 4.4 cm in height and 3.6 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// m[a] /// Uv. recto 2 /// [·h]· – [bh]a[v]e /// 13.8b recto 3 /// – nmafl_s_sfla_ m fl – – /// 13.8d recto 4 /// [fls]akad[u]rgam fl va /// v 13.9c verso 1 /// – /// verso 2 /// [v]·[m]·ny·ta [s]· /// v 13.11c verso 3 /// [fls]u susa[m]a·i[t]· /// 13.12b verso 4 /// – [y]e·ai s[nai] /// 13.12d verso 5 /// ti [jñ]a /// 13.13c 102 Michaël Peyrot Reconstruction: 13.08d (ompa)lskoñe ma yä(nmaflsflsäm) fl IT579a2 samadhim fl nadhigacchati ‘he does not attain concentration’ 13.09b /// tse IT579a3 s´ramanyarthefl fl sv avekflsavan ‘attentive to the duties of monkhood’ 13.10a /// k(wr)i IT579a4 sukham fl jivitum icchec cet ‘if one searched for a happy life’ 13.12a totkats aiku kwri takam fl B31a4, IT579b3 alpajñato ’pi ced bhavati ‘even someone who knows little’ 13.12d /// (a)s(t)are s´aulä (s´a)ye(ñc)ai snai (laiwo) /// IT579b4, IT1187b4, (B31a5) s´uddhajivam atandritam ‘he leads a pure life and is indefatigable’ IOL Toch 931 This fragment measures 3.6 cm in height and 5.0 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [ne] _sfla_ p po-yknesa : sa /// Uv. 16.11b–c/12b–c recto 2 /// [t]e na tapate : ku·e [s´]au /// 16.12a/13a recto 3 /// ·e – /// verso 1 /// – ddh· /// 16.15b verso 2 /// – sek fl yototr_ a_ yakn· /// 16.15d verso 3 /// ·[ma]d vigataragebhya /// 16.16c Notes: a1, a2: these lines are difficult to locate precisely, because they occur in 11–13. Since line a is preceded by lines b-c in the fragment, a1 can only be 11b–c or 12b–c. Accordingly, a2 would be 12a or 13a respectively. b3: vigataragebhya(h) fl is the regular pausa variant of Bernhard’s vigataragebhyo. Reconstruction: 16.11/12b /// ne säp fl po-yknesa IT931a1 maranante fl ca sarvas´ahfl ‘entirely, even [until] it ends with death’ 16.12/13a ku(s)e s´au(lne) /// IT931a2 yo jivite na tapate ‘he who is not tormented during his life’ 16.15d sek fl yototrä yakn(e) IT931b2 sada sampadyate fl vratam ‘his manner always succeeds’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 103 IOL Toch 1244 and IOL Toch 809 These two fragments are from the same leaf: both have ‘MQ’ fea- tures (e.g. kärttsewñe IT1244b5 and wäntärwa IT809a7), in both the pausa visarga is not always written, and, what is most important, they match in lines a5 and b3, but with a gap of some akflsaras in between. IT1244 is the larger upper (lower on the verso) left hand fragment and it measures 5.0 cm in height and 6.0 cm in width; it has no other press mark. The old press mark of the lower (upper on the verso) right hand fragment IT809 is Tb112 and this measures 4.3 cm in height and 6.2 cm in width. Transliteration: IT1244 IT809 Uv. recto 1 /// – /// 2 /// ·[k]· – [l]·i ñäflst[r_ a_ ] – /// 20.13d 3 /// ai[rflsaits_ a_ ]ññe ·e (–) – – /// 20.14b 4 /// [kfls]·ntim ihahur arya v ·e /// 20.14d 5 /// – [ w]er·i (–) – [·0 ] – (–) v /// ·[t_ ]· [fls]·[m]·sk[e] v ·[e] /// krodha – /// 20.15b–c 6 /// [t]y· vaden na ca kru·e /// 20.16a 7 /// – r yukta wänt_ a_ rwa /// v 20.16c verso 1 /// [kut]emem fl s´cono dant· /// 20.17a–b v 2 /// [s]·i prajanatahfl [s´]· /// v 20.17d 3 /// n· kus· ·c·[n]· – (–) v /// – ··m fl – näno kru·[e] /// v ·[y]· [t]· /// 20.18b–c 4 /// yet·0 [w]eta waimene yu[k]· /// 20.18d 5 /// – lainä k_ a_ rttsew[ñ]e – (– –) – /// 20.19b 6 /// 19 akrudha – /// 20.20a 7 /// – /// 104 Michaël Peyrot Notes: a4: we find arya for regular aryah, fl but notice that the pausa visarga is not written in this manuscript: it lacks in a5 for mithahfl (– instead), v in a7 for yuktahfl (yukta instead) and in b3 for punahfl (n· instead). v v a5: the reading of this line is particularly uncertain, since in IT1244 only the upper part of some akflsaras is visible, and in IT809 only the lower. As I do not know how to restore the whole line, the number of missing syllables is uncertain; it might also be that the last e-vowel of IT1244 belongs to (the first akflsara of) semeske fl on IT809. If a piece that is flipped over to the verso is considered, the reading of the ·[t_ ]· is less doubtful, but not yet certain. b2: slight rests of the < c > and the < o > of s´cono can be seen, too. b3: on IT809, a little piece from the recto is flipped over at the left. I do not know how to restore this line either, so the number of missing akflsaras, if there are any, is uncertain. b6: akrudha(sya) for akruddhasya is certain. Reconstruction: 20.13d /// ·k· – l·i ñäflsträ /// IT1244a2 yo ’tivakyam fl titikflsati ‘who endures reproach’ 20.14b airflsaitsäññe ·e /// IT1244a3 samrambhaheto fl hfl sadflrs´asya caiva ‘and for reasons of impetuosity, to a fellow man’ 20.15b wer(ts)i(yanne) /// (wa)t s(e)m(e)skefl IT809a5, IT1244a5 pariflsatsv atha va mithahfl ‘in assemblies or privately’ 20.16c wäntärwa(sa) /// IT809a7 sthanair ebhis tribhir yuktahfl ‘provided with these three things’ 20.17a /// kutemem fl s´cono IT809b1 s´antasya hi kutahfl krodhahfl ‘from where could anger come to the tranquil man?’ 20.17d s´(cono) /// IT809b2 krodho nasti prajanatahfl ‘for him who understands, there is no anger’ 20.18b kus(e s´)c(o)n(aine) ·y· t· /// ··m fl – näno IT1244b3, IT809b3 yahfl kruddhe krudhyate punahfl ‘he who, being angered, becomes angry in return’ 20.18d weta waimene yuk(atsi) /// IT1244b4 samgrama fl mfl durjayam fl jayet ‘he wins a fight that is difficult to win’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 105 20.19b (yo)lainä kärttsewñe(sa) /// IT1244b5 asadhum fl sadhuna jayet ‘one should overcome evil with the good’ IOL Toch 308 The old press mark of this fragment is H.fol.168 and it measures 9.2 cm in height and 9.9 cm in width. Transliteration: Uv. recto 1 /// kraupe 23 || || yac ca 23.26end–24.1a recto 2 /// yahfl se fl p_ a_ rkawtse reki s´pa 24.1c recto 3 /// ·[t]· weñi adharmapadasam v fl 24.2a–b recto 4 /// · upas´amyate kuse keklyauflsormem v fl no 24.2d recto 5 /// [a]kraupatte ekaham v fl jivitam fl s´reya[h] fl 24.3b–c recto 6 /// kw[r]i _sflp_ a_ pikwalamts fl _ 0 kante s´a 24.4a verso 1 /// ·[ya]yinahfl sada ais´amopi v 24.4d verso 2 /// – [k]ware sesinu ainake spelke e v 24.5b–c verso 3 /// ·entse prakre 5 yac ca varflsa[s´]atam fl 24.5d–6a verso 4 /// [lñ]e ekaham v fl jivitam fl s´reyahfl 24.6b–c verso 5 /// tam fl jivet·0 kwri _sflp_ a_ pikwa 24.7a verso 6 /// hfl [fls]eme kaum fl s´as´ayo 24.7c Notes: b4: upas´amyate can be read with certainty against Bernhard’s resti- tuted upas´amyati (upas´amyati Uv. 24.1d, where his restitution is based on, has a variant reading (u)pas´amyate). Reconstruction: 23.26end /// kraupe IT308a1 atmavargahfl ‘the chapter [or verse collection] about the self’ fl pärkawtse reki s´pa(lmem) 24.1c se fl IT308a2 ekam arthapadam ´ fl sreyahfl ‘one profitable word is better’ 24.2a /// (kan)t(e) weñi IT308a3 yac ca gathas´atam fl bhaflset ‘even if one spoke a hundred verses’ 24.2d kuse keklyauflsormem fl no /// IT308a4 yac chrutva hy upas´amyate ‘having heard it, one calms down’ 24.3b /// akraupatte IT308a5 fl ´ ilo hy asamahitahfl ‘with bad morals and not concentrated’ duhs 24.4a kwri spä fl kante s´a(yi) fl pikwalamts IT308a6 yac ca varflsas´atam fl jivet ‘even if one lived a hundred years’ 106 Michaël Peyrot 24.4d ais´amopi /// IT308b1 prajñasya dhyayinahfl sada ‘always for him who is wise and meditat- ing’ 24.5b (pa)kware sesinu ainake spelke IT308b2 kusido hinaviryavan ‘lazy and devoid of energy’ 24.5d /// entse prakre IT308b3 viryam arabhato dflrdham fl ‘for him who exerts strong energy’ 24.6b /// lñe IT308b4 apas´yann udayavyayam ‘not seeing arising and passing away’ 24.7a kwri spä fl pikwa(lamts fl kante s´ayi) IT308b5 yac ca varflsas´atam fl jivet ‘even if one lived a hundred years’ 24.7c seme fl kaum fl s´as´ayo(fls) /// IT308b6 ekaham fl jivitamfl s´reyahfl ‘a life of one single day is better’ IOL Toch 884 This fragment measures 9.0 cm in height and 6.5 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [lk]i yami yarpo l[k]· /// Uv. 24.30b recto 2 /// k·mofl_s 0 saim ·a m[i] /// 24.30d recto 3 /// ·[i]bhi wflse[te] /// 25.1b recto 4 /// l[o 1] s´r[a]ddhebhi – /// 25.2a recto 5 /// [m]itr_ a_ ·e /// 25.2c verso 1 /// k[ek]ly· /// 25.4c verso 2 /// tr_ a_ [s´au]m[o] ai /// 25.5a verso 3 /// [h]y u[p]aiti s´re /// 25.5c verso 4 /// – nityam fl s´[p]alm· – /// v 25.6a verso 5 /// – pas´amena ca /// v 25.6d Notes: a1: this is a difficult line, because the Sanskrit text is lacking. < lki >, which can be read if the piece flipped over to the verso is considered, must be from telki and combined with yam- it must mean ‘to honour’ or ‘to sacrifice’ (the equation telki ~ yajña is attested in B541a4). Bernhard’s reconstruction punyaprekfl fl si is confirmed by yarpo lk· ///, which must contain a form of lwka- ‘to see’, but his yajati may have to be turned into yajeta in view of the opt. in Tocharian B yami (and cf. Dhp.108b yajetha).  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 107 a2: after (ke)k(a)mofls, the word saim can be read, but the lower part of the ligature < mXa > is unclear. I would expect a form of yam- ‘to do’ and the following akflsara could either be mi or mo, both giving good possibilities (i.e. either yamo° or yami), but it looks more like < m[n]a >, so that I would like to leave this question open. a3: I expect wflsetstse or the like as a translation of pis´una, but there are no rests below the < t >. Maybe it is just very abraded. b3: we clearly read s´re, so probably s´re(flsfltham), against Bernhard’s reconstruction s´raiflsflthyam fl Uv. 25.5c, just as (s´r)e(flsfltham) in B308a8. Reconstruction: 24.30b /// (te)lki yami yarpo lk(aflsflse)ñca IT884a1, B307b4 samvatsara fl mfl yajeta punyaprekfl fl si ‘if he sacrificed for a year, striving for merit’ 24.30d winaflsflsälyñe (e)mpr(e)ñcenne kekamofls saim ·a mi B307b5, IT884a2 abhivadanam fl tv rjjugatefl fl su s´reyahfl ‘doing homage to the sincere is better’ 25.1b wflset(s?)e /// tk·reccenmpa IT884a3, B307b7 pis´unair vibhu¯tinandibhihfl ‘with the malicious and those who rejoice in wealth’ 25.1d /// (yo)lo IT884a4, B307b8 samgati fl hfl papair hi papika ‘association with the evil is bad’ 25.2c waflsamñe (ya)miträ s´le-ais´amñets(e) IT884a5, B308a1 sakhyam fl kurvita saprajñahfl ‘the wise man should make friends [with the faithful etc.]’ 25.4c cem(nm)e fl m fl (no) kekly(auflsormem) fl /// IT884b1, B308a5 teflsam fl hi s´rutva tu subhaflsitani ‘having heard these eloquent words from them’ 25.5a /// trä s´aumo ainakem fl lare yamaflseñca IT884b2, B308a7 hiyati puruflso nihinasevi ‘the man who keeps low company becomes low himself’ 25.6a s´palm(em) fl /// IT884b4 s´reyo hi labhate nityam ‘the most excellent is attained by him who constantly …’ 108 Michaël Peyrot IOL Toch 225 The old press mark of this fragment is H.add.149.95 and it measures 9.0 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. It was published by Broomhead (1962: I, 363–364), but not identified, and his reading can be improved considerably. Transliteration: recto 1 //// y[o] naro v Uv. 25.8b recto 2 //// [r]·[sau]wñe m _ a_ ntra 25.8d recto 3 //// – yamaske v 25.9b recto 4 //// cwi tsmetr_ a_ 25.9d recto 5 //// – stham fl prere v 25.10c recto 6 //// [n]aiva papa 25.10f verso 1 //// ·[kn]·sa _sflp_ 0 25.11b verso 2 //// ·[kn]·sa v v 25.11d verso 3 //// ·[s]· asantov 25.12c verso 4 //// – vam api [c]e 25.13a verso 5 //// – rsanam fl da v 25.13c verso 6 //// [t]am fl paryupa 25.14b Notes: b4: the wording slightly deviates from Bernhard’s text; we expect vam fl pi instead of vam api with one syllable more. b2: probably with double ‘ ’ just to fill the line. v v b5: < da > is clear, but we expect darvi, not darvi. Reconstruction: 25.8d (kä)r(t)sauwñe mäntra(kka) /// IT225a2 sad evam fl samgamat fl satam ‘so virtue arises from union with the vir- tuous’ 25.9b yamaske(mane) no lare yamasträ IT225a3, B308b8 kurvanamfl upasevate ‘if one keeps company with someone who does [bad things]’ 25.9d /// cwi tsmeträ IT225a4 fl ´ casya vardhate ‘and he will get a bad name’ avarnas 25.10c prere /// IT225a5 s´aro liptahfl kalapasthan ‘a poisoned arrow [poisons unpoisoned ar- rows] in a quiver’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 109 25.11b /// (y)kn(e)sa sp fl /// IT225b1 yadflrs´am fl copasevate ‘and like whom he keeps company with’ 25.11d /// (y)kn(e)sa IT225b2 samseva fl hy asya tadflrs´i ‘his company is like that’ 25.12b /// (añmant)s(e) IT225b3 dflrflsfltva sampakam fl atmanahfl ‘seeing his own ripened fruit’ 25.13c /// (kä)rsanam fl IT225b5 na sa dharmam fl vijanati ‘he does not know the law’ IOL Toch 103 The old press mark of this fragment is H.149.319 and it measures 6.8 cm in height and 4.8 cm in width. Just as the above fragment IT225, it was published by Broomhead (1962: I, 352), but not identified. Transliteration: recto 1 /// m·sk·[t_ a_ ]·m· ·t· (–) – /// Uv. 27.8c? recto 2 /// ·[ai]flsflse manasaktahfl sa /// v 27.9b recto 3 /// kuse yainmor kuse – /// v 27.10a recto 4 /// my[e] kakraupau pa – /// 27.10d verso 1 /// spaktanne w[i] /// v 27.11c verso 2 /// – cenne k_ a_ lpastr_ a_ /// 27.12b verso 3 /// [s]· tv atiliyati ba[l]· /// 27.13b verso 4 /// [s] ·am fl [p·]a[p]as´[·]a·[i] /// 27.13d Notes: a1: the marginal rests are difficult to interpret: maybe m·sk· is to be completed (ya)m(a)sk(au), for karomi Uv. 27.8c? a4: we expect kakraupau 10 … b3: there is no trace of an anusvara over the ya in atiliyati, where Bernhard has atiliyanti. Reconstruction: 27.08c (ya)m(a)sk(au)? tä· m· ·t· IT103a1 ahamfl karomiti na tasya himsyat fl [lege: hi syat] ‘he would not think “I do it”’ 27.09a /// (s´)aiflsflse IT103a2 manopeto hy ayam fl lokahfl ‘this world is furnished with pride’ 27.10a kuse yainmor kuse /// IT103a3 110 Michaël Peyrot yat praptam fl yac ca praptavyam ‘what has been obtained and what is to be obtained’ 27.10d /// (ais´au)mye kakraupau pa IT103a4 jahyad vidvam fl samahitahfl ‘the wise who is concentrated would over- come’ 27.11c spaktanne wi(na) /// IT103b1 upasthanarataye ca [lege: °rata ye] ‘and who rejoice in service’ 27.12b /// cenne kälpasträ IT103b2 na doflsas teflsu vidyate ‘no fault is found with them’ IOL Toch 766 The old press mark of this fragment is Tb70 and it measures 3.8 cm in height and 5.9 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// s[t]ari p_ a_ rna pal_ k_ a_ ske – /// Uv. 29.12d recto 2 /// havaraha i /// 29.13c recto 3 /// ·au·o·e ·e /// 29.14a verso 1 /// [a]rtham fl mahantam fl g[a] /// 29.20c verso 2 /// [ñ]cch·ram fl wäntalymem v fl ltu – /// 29.21b Notes: a3: ·au·o·e ·e is clear, and it could be (s´)au(m)o(nts)e (fls)e(k), as a translation of manujasya sada, but this is not totally certain, of course. b1: we read mahantam fl for Bernhard’s mahantam.fl Reconstruction: 29.12d /// (a)stari pärna-palkäske(mane) IT766a1 tv antar hy as´uddha bahi s´obhamanahfl ‘they are impure on the in- side, and brilliant on the outside’ 29.14b (s´)au(m)o(nts)e (fls)e(k) /// IT766a3 manujasya sada smflrtimatahfl ‘for the man who always has full con- sciousness’ 29.21b wäntalymem fl ltu(weflsäm) fl /// IT766b2 capad utpatitam fl s´aran ‘arrows shot forth from a bow’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 111 IOL Toch 1243 This fragment measures 2.9 cm in height and 3.8 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – te wits_ a_ ko [k]· /// Uv. 29.54a recto 2 /// lpofl_sa_ ko nu /// v 29.54c–d verso 1 /// – tya s·[r]v·sa[m]jñ[a·] fl /// 29.56c verso 2 /// – purato muñca /// 29.57a Reconstruction: see below IOL Toch 367 The old press mark of this fragment is D8 and it measures 6.8 cm in height and 4.8 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// nes_ a_ lñe[n]·e /// Uv. 29.57b recto 2 /// – 6 || yugava[rga] /// 29.57end recto 3 /// [t_ a_ ]nmastr_ a_ duh[kh]· flv /// 30.1a–b recto 4 /// – normem fl yukal[ñ]e /// 30.1d recto 5 /// – saktahfl sa – /// 30.2c verso 1 /// ñm _ a_ nts· [s]· ·[w] ñ· /// 30.4c verso 2 /// – yamofl_sa_ m fl [nai] /// v 30.5a–b verso 3 /// r[a]tra ca s´aiflsflsene /// v 30.5d verso 4 /// th[ai]va kflsatre o – /// v 30.6b verso 5 /// [r]·cari ma [y]· /// v 30.6d Notes: a2: I would like to put forward the hypothesis that the ‘ornamental’ < 6 > we have here, with a vertical stroke between the ‘< s_´ >’ and the ‘< u >’, which in turn is crossed by a horizontal stroke, is in fact to be read < 7 >, i.e. 6 + 1. Otherwise, we would have to assume that in this version the yugavarga contained 56, not 57 padas, which would also be possible. a4: of the first akflsara the rest of an arc can be seen, which could be of a long < i >. 112 Michaël Peyrot Reconstruction: 29.54a (ke)te witsäko k(enne) /// IT1243a1, cf. U18b3 yasya mu¯lam fl kflsitau nasti ‘who has no root in the earth’ 29.54c /// (tsä)lpoflsä IT1243a2, cf. U18b4 tamfl dhiram fl bandhanan muktam ‘the wise who is released from fetters’ 29.57b /// nesälñen(ts)e /// IT367a1 madhye muñca bhavasya paragahfl ‘give up in the middle, having reached the other shore of existence’ 30.1a /// tänmasträ IT367a3 jayad vairam fl prasavate ‘from victory one carries off enmity’ 30.1d (reri)normem fl yukalñe /// IT367a4 hitva jayaparajayau ‘having given up both victory and defeat’ 30.2c sa(nuññe) /// IT367a5 vairasamsargasa fl msakta fl hfl ‘united in close connection with enmity’ 30.4c (a)ñmänts(e) s(ak)w ñ(äflsflseñca) /// IT367b1 atmanahfl sukham eflsanahfl ‘searching for his own happiness’ 30.5a pelaikne yam(i) /// /// yamoflsäm fl IT367b2, B101a2 dharmam fl caret sucaritam ‘one should practise the law well’ 30.5d s´aiflsflsene /// IT367b3 hy asmim fl loke paratra ca ‘in this world and in the next’ 30.6b kflsatre o(rotstse) /// IT367b4 chatram fl mahad varflsakale yathaiva ‘like a large umbrella in the rainy season’ 30.6d ma y(olo) /// IT367b5 na durgatim fl gacchati dharmacari ‘he who practises the law does not go to a bad existence’ THT 1329h13 This fragment measures 4.5 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. The frame has a label ‘Toch. 155’ and another fragment in this frame has a stamp ‘T III MQ 69’. The fragments have no letter labels, but from left to right and from top to bottom it would be ‘h’. 13 Reversed on the internet.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 113 Transliteration: recto 1 /// [w]·[s]k[e·] n· t· /// Uv. 30.9a–b recto 2 /// bhavet kara[n]· fl /// 30.9d recto 3 /// – bhu¯tam·0 – /// 30.10b recto 4 /// ·[o] – 0 /// verso 1 /// – – : [flr] /// 30.15c verso 2 /// – sukham fl te [bh]· /// 30.16a verso 3 /// su ca : _sfla_ [le] /// 30.16d verso 4 /// ·a – – – /// Notes: a1: the rests are poor, but I think we should read w(e)ske(m fl ) v n(ai)t(e). a2: we read karan· fl /// for Bernhard’s karanasa fl mgrahe fl na. fl Reconstruction: see below THT 136614 This fragment measures 4.2 cm in height and 3.8 cm in width. It has the label ‘Toch. 202’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – [s]· ·r_ a_ ·m· /// Uv. recto 2 /// [h]· pflr[r]tyu[h]· – t· /// 30.10a recto 3 /// – dami epre·e /// v 30.10c recto 4 /// – [abh]i[p·]a /// 30.11b verso 1 /// ·r_ a_ /// verso 2 /// [s]th·nanirata[·] /// 30.14c verso 3 /// [w] p[e]laiknene [w]· /// 30.15a verso 4 /// – rge ca – ·i /// 30.15d verso 5 /// ·[ai] – /// Notes: a2: I believe that this is Uv. 30.10a, but I am not able to explain what seems to be a sequence of writing errors. In Bernhard’s edition this line reads: ayam fl hi pratyu¯has´atani jitva. Might the scribe have at- 14 Reversed on the internet. 114 Michaël Peyrot tached the hook of the < u > to the preceding < pra > instead? The thing on top of <[r]tyu>, which I transliterated as <[r]>, looks a bit like < e >. Reconstruction: 30.9a /// w(e)ske(m) fl THT1329h.a1 danam fl ca yuddham fl ca samanam ahuhfl ‘they say that giving and fight are alike’ 30.10c epre(t)e /// THT1366a3 s´urad dhi tam fl s´u¯rataram fl vadami ‘I declare that he is stronger than a hero’ 30.15a /// w p(e)laiknene w(ina) /// THT1366b3 yeflsam fl dharmaratam fl cittam ‘they whose minds rejoice in the law’ 30.16d säl(e fl mne) fl /// THT1329h.b3 parvateflsu guhasu ca ‘in mountains and in caves’ THT 2375k The fragment measures 5.6 cm in height and 3.1 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 561’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – [m]·sya pas´·a /// Uv. 30.18b recto 2 /// lñe 18 || [s]· /// v 30.18d–19a recto 3 /// [a]kalñe eta – /// v 30.19c recto 4 /// [s]tm·wä sukha – /// v 30.20b recto 5 /// ·em fl /// verso 1 /// – n· – (– –) – /// verso 2 /// ·r_ a_ duhkha v fl ba – /// 30.26c verso 3 /// – namm fl iva sa[m] fl /// 30.26f verso 4 /// [j]ayate vira /// 30.27c Reconstruction: 30.18d /// lñe THT2375k.a2 pranabhu fl ¯ teflsu samyama fl hfl ‘self-control with respect to the living beings’ 30.19c /// akalñe THT2375k.a3 asmimanasya vinayahfl ‘the discipline of self-conceit’ 30.20b /// stm(o)wä THT2375k.a4 sukham fl s´raddha pratiflsflthita ‘happiness is firm faith’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 115 IOL Toch 1020 This fragment measures 3.5 cm in height and 5.3 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – /// Uv. recto 2 /// ñ ·ñm _ [ 0 ] p_ a_ llantr_ a_ [k]r· /// 30.52b recto 3 /// ·[u]khavargahfl samap[t]· /// 30.52end verso 1 /// [s]ya damanam fl sadhu : /// 31.1c verso 2 /// ·[a]t samuddhflrtahfl o[s·a] /// 31.2b verso 3 /// – /// Reconstruction: 30.52b /// (flsä)ñ-(a)ñm pällanträ kr(eñc) IT1020a2 na kamahetor lapayanti santahfl ‘the good do not boast because of sensual desires’ 31.2b os(t)a(mem) fl /// IT1020b2 okad oghat samuddhflrtahfl ‘taken out from its house, from the flood’ IOL Toch 569 The old press mark of this fragment is D210 and in the list of the British Library it was (wrongly) assigned to Uv. 5.3. It measures 4.6 cm in height and 5.0 cm in width. Transliteration: recto 1 /// ·[t]· ·[r_ ]· /// Uv. recto 2 /// [s]urakflsit· [p]r· /// 31.60c recto 3 /// [m]·[p]tahfl p_ a_ lskoflsflse [k]r· /// 31.60end recto 4 /// [y]· hi nanyapo /// 32.1b verso 1 /// artho nasti [j]· /// 32.3d verso 2 /// [na]sa awlawäcci o /// 32.4a verso 3 /// keklyau[fls]or[m]em fl – /// 32.4c Notes: a3: we must complete pälskoflsflse kr(aupe), as we are at the end of the cittavargah.fl The preceding Skt. was probably (cittavargahfl sa)m(a)ptah.fl a4: lines Uv. 32.1b and 2b are identical, but line 1b fits better to the interval between a2 and a3. 116 Michaël Peyrot THT 2375c The fragment measures 6.4 cm in height and 4.2 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 561’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – /// Uv. recto 2 /// – ·k· ñe – /// 32.3a? recto 3 /// amamasya s· – /// v 32.3c recto 4 /// – yata ja·[ah] fl – /// 32.4a recto 5 /// -[m]·0 ke·au /// 32.4c verso 1 /// – l[tk]e – /// 32.5b? verso 2 /// – [l_ k_ ] 0 kam· – /// v 32.5c–d verso 3 /// – [s´au]l_ 0 s´ayeñca ta /// 32.6b verso 4 /// lahfl tumem fl p[l]a – /// 32.6e verso 5 /// – ya ta /// Notes: b1: the first akflsara may be [·p]·, in which case we could complete (s)p(e)ltke. b3: the last akflsara is probably to be completed ta(koy), whereas we would expect takoy, but the < a > is clear. Reconstruction: 32.4a /// (rekau)nasa awlawäcci o(nolmi) IT569b2 tudanti vacabhir asamyata fl janahfl ‘uncontrolled beings strike with words’ 32.4c keklyauflsormem fl /// IT569b3, THT2375c.a5 s´rutva tu vacam fl paruflsam udiritam ‘hearing a harsh word uttered’ 32.5c /// (aka)lk THT2375c.b2 anokasari hy amamo niras´ahfl ‘wandering around homeless, unself- ish, without hope’ 32.6b /// s´(au)l s´ayeñca ta(koy) /// THT2375c.b3 s´uddhajivo bhavet sada ‘one should always be leading a pure life’ 32.6e tumem fl pla(nto) /// THT2375c.b4 tatahfl pramodyabahulahfl ‘then, filled with joy, …’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 117 THT 2374q The fragment measures 4.5 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 560’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [l]ñe pratimo /// v Uv. 32.27a–b recto 2 /// – adhicitte s· /// 32.27e recto 3 /// – tam·0 p_ a_ ls·osa /// 32.28b verso 1 /// [s]ya pelaiknent· /// v 32.29a verso 2 /// pafl_s·0 29 || [i] /// 32.29d–30a verso 3 /// [n]asravam·0 [flse] /// 32.30d Reconstruction: 32.27a /// lñe THT2374q.a1 samtufl fl sfltir indriyair guptihfl ‘contentment and control of the senses’ 32.28b päls(k)osa /// THT2374q.a3 manasa ca na duflskflrtam ‘[who has] done no evil with the mind’ 32.29a pelaiknent(a) /// THT2374q.b1 dharmahfl subhavita yasya ‘who is well-trained in the laws’ 32.29d /// (kakrau)pafls THT2374q.b2 sada bhikflsum fl samahitam ‘[they] always [call him] a concentrated monk’ 32.30d se(k) fl /// THT2374q.b3 sada s´ilam anasravam ‘[they] always [say that this] moral conduct is free of passions’ IOL Toch 926 This fragment measures 5.5 cm in height and 7.3 cm in width. It has no other press mark. Transliteration: recto 1 /// ·t· – – – Uv. recto 2 /// ptahfl kuse _sflp_ a_ s´co 32.49c recto 3 /// mardita v 32.50b recto 4 /// kfls·r niru 32.50d verso 1 /// [k]·lyñ[e]nta 32.54b verso 2 /// te sa bhikflsuhfl 32.54d verso 3 /// – _sflp_ a_ olyapo 32.55a verso 4 /// [r] idam fl jahat[y a] 32.55c 118 Michaël Peyrot Notes: a1, a2, b3, b4: a little piece is probably wrongly attached to the left; it is not considered in the transliteration. b1: of the < k > only minimal rests can be seen. If nakälñe /nákwln´e/ ‘reproach’ has a pl. nakalñenta /nakw´ ln´enta/, we could nevertheless equate akros´as´ ca and identify it as Uv. 32.54b. Reconstruction: fl s´co(nai) /// 32.49c kuse spä IT926a2 yas´ ca dveflsakflsayamfl praptahfl ‘and who has attained the diminution of hatred’ 32.54b (na)k(a)lyñenta? /// IT926b1 hy akros´as´ ca vadhas´ ca bandhanam fl ca ‘scoldings, killings and bind- ing’ 32.55a (kuse ma o)lyapotse masa ma spä fl 15 olyapo /// THT1327a6, IT926b3 yo natyasaram fl na catyaliyan ‘he who has not gone too far, nor clung too much’ THT 2374ii The fragment measures 6.2 cm in height and 4.3 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 560’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – sti – – /// Uv. recto 2 /// || akro – – /// 33.19a recto 3 /// ·ahmana fl m fl hi /// 33.19d recto 4 /// – sarina fl m fl /// 33.20c recto 5 /// – [m]em fl – /// verso 1 /// – w· /// verso 2 /// [n]t·nts_ ·0 bravi /// 33.24c–d verso 3 /// ·[k_ a_ ]·k[e] s´awem fl k_ a_ – /// 33.25b verso 4 /// ·pa ram fl – – /// 33.26a verso 5 /// – u 0 2[6] – /// 33.26d 15 THT1327: sp. fl  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 119 Notes: a1: a wrong piece lies on the right half of the line. b4: the sequence param fl occurs in Uv. 33.26a aparam fl ca and in 26b paraparam fl na. The rests following it look more like ca than na, but this is difficult to tell with certainty. I chose for 26a because of the in- tervals between lines a3–5. b5: a wrong piece reads ha; cf. also under a1. Reconstruction: 33.24c /// (pelaiknen)t(a)nts THT2374ii.b2 paragam fl sarvadharmanam fl ‘reaching the other shore of all laws’ 33.25b (ly)kä(s´)ke-s´awem fl kä /// THT2374ii.b3 anusthula fl mfl s´ubhas´ubham ‘fine or rough, beautiful or ugly’ 33.26d /// (ce)u THT2374ii.b5 bravimi brahmana fl mfl hi tam ‘him I call a Brahman’ THT 2375r The fragment measures 4.4 cm in height and 3.3 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 561’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// – a[s´]alye – /// Uv. 33.50c recto 2 /// m·0 kerekau[na] /// 33.51b recto 3 /// [ja]l·a (–)[·0 ] ·[e] /// 33.52a verso 1 /// – skai – /// 33.58c verso 2 /// p_ · icchalo – /// v 33.59b verso 3 /// – parakramya /// 33.60a Notes: a1: we would expect that the Skt. text ends in < m ·0 >, but the rests are difficult to decipher. b1: this one akflsara can be read with certainty and it does not occur in the Skt. lines that qualify for it. I therefore think that it is Tocharian B and I estimated it to be from Uv. 38.58c. Reconstruction: see below 120 Michaël Peyrot THT1343a The fragment measures 4.4 cm in height and 3.5 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 171’, the fragment has a stamp ‘T III MQ 69’. Transliteration: recto 1 /// [k]· /// Uv. recto 2 /// – ys´el·e /// 33.53b recto 3 /// kete yo – /// 33.54a recto 4 /// [h]m·ne fl m fl ceu·0 5[4] /// 33.54d verso 1 /// [ ] bravimi bra – /// v 33.55d verso 2 /// r[va]duhkhafl – /// 33.56c verso 3 /// lsko [a] /// v 33.57a–b verso 4 /// – /// Reconstruction: 33.50c as´alye /// THT2375r.a1 aneyam fl snatakam fl buddham ‘indifferent, cleansed, awakened’ 33.51b kerekauna /// THT2375r.a2 oghatirnamfl anasravam ‘having crossed the flood, free of passions’ 33.53b ys´el(m)e(nne) /// THT1343a.a2 kameflsu niravekflsinam fl ‘indifferent to desires’ 33.54a kete yo(kiye) /// THT1343a.a3 yasyalayo nasti sada ‘he who never has desires’ 33.54d /// (bra)hm(a)ne fl mfl ceu THT1343a.a4 bravimi brahmana fl m fl hi tam ‘him I call a Brahman’ 33.57a /// (pa)lsko THT1343a.b3 aru¯pina fl m fl sada cittam ‘always the formless thought’ 33.59a /// (flsä)p THT2375r.b2 chitva naddhrim fl varatram fl ca ‘having cut off strap and thong’  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 121 THT2375q16 The fragment measures 3.0 cm in height and 3.2 cm in width. The frame has the label ‘Toch. 561’. Transliteration: verso 1 /// [k]· – /// Uv. verso 2 /// – tva mat_ a_ r p[a] /// v 33.62a verso 3 /// ·e ··mfl – /// recto 1 /// – /// recto 2 /// [6]9 || yada hi /// 33.70a recto 3 /// – – /// Notes: b2: I assume that this is line Uv. 33.70a, because that is the only line starting with yada hi after a pada with a number ending in < 9 >. Ac- cordingly, the rests before it can be read as <[60]>. Reconstruction: 33.62a matär pa(tär) /// THT2375q.a2 mataramfl pitaram fl hatva ‘having killed mother and father’ 3. Some of the word correspondences found enable us to refine or as- certain the meaning of the Tocharian words. I discuss these instances below. nekarflske ypa(rwe) IT765a1 madhuragra ‘sweet/ pleasant at first’ Uv. 2.4a. The meaning of the word nekarflske was not known and Adams (1999: 341, following Sieg and Siegling 1953: 37) even considered the possibility that the two attestations known to him (B101a5, B382a1) are writing errors for takarflske ‘faithful; clear’. With its translating madhura-, the meaning is ascertained as ‘sweet’ or ‘pleasant’, the opposite of räskare ~ kafltuka- ‘bitter, harsh’ in Uv. 2.4b. The meaning ‘pleasant’ fits best to the attestations known: /// (s)e pañäktaññe pelaikne ate tot empremtse fl sware nekarflske pällarflske ste (B101a5) ‘this law of the Buddha is so true, sweet, pleasant and praiseworthy!’, /// gandharvv(i) s´ark(a) yamflsyem fl nekarflsk(e) /// (B382a1) ‘the gandharvas played the lute … pleasant’. One may 16 Reversed on the internet. 122 Michaël Peyrot add contextless nekarflske in THT1348a.b3, nekärflskana rekauwna (THT1297b3) ‘pleasant words’ and ys´elmenne nekärflskä /// (AS12Lb2) ‘in the desires … pleasant’. The fact that nekarflske never refers to something drinkable or edible, but to ‘the law’ (B101), ‘words’ (THT1297), ‘desires’ (IT765, AS12L?) and possibly ‘music’ (B382), points to a meaning ‘pleasant’ rather than ‘sweet’. nekarflske seems to have the same suffix as klänkarfl˙ ske ‘doubtful’, pällarflske ‘praiseworthy’, pautarflske ‘honouring’, mäntarflske ‘evil’, mällarflske ‘pliant (?)’ and takarflske ‘faithful; clear’, which are de- rived from (a-less variants of) klwnk- ˙ ‘to doubt’, pwla- ‘to praise’, a paut - ‘to revere’, mwnt- ‘to disturb’, mwl- ‘to press’ and probably nes- ‘to be’ (subj. táka-) respectively.17 The only verb that would for- mally match nekarflske, however, is nwk- ‘to destroy, to perish’, which has no suitable meaning. (pa)kware sesinu IT308b2 kusido ‘lazy, slothful’ Uv. 24.5b. The To- charian B (pa)kware sesinu ‘badly depressed’ for ‘lazy’ can only be understood with recourse to the Skt. kusida- (with a wrongly San- skritised variant kus´ida-), which the translator analysed as ku- ‘bad’ and sida- ‘sat down, sunk down’. (ly)kä(s´)ke-s´awem fl THT2374ii.b3 anusthu fl ¯ lam fl ‘fine or rough’ Uv. 33.25b. The writing of the vowels in lykäs´ke and s´awem fl points to a compound lykäs´ké-s´awem, fl though ‘MQ’-writing is difficult to ex- clude in view of the small size of the fragment. The importance of this form lies in the vowel e before s´awem, fl because the word for ‘rough’ known until present is asawe. It might be that lykäs´ke ´ s´awemfl is a samdhi fl variant of lykäs´ke as´awem, fl since -e =- is a pos- sible samdhi fl result of -e a- (the other and more frequent two being -= a- or -= a-, cf. Stumpf 1971: 105). However, in a compound we would not expect such samdhi fl and it is therefore likely that we are dealing with the unprefixed form of as´awe, or, in other words, the exact cognate of Tocharian A s´awe, nom.pl.m. ‘big’ (as´awe goes back to *en-s´awe, cf. Hilmarsson 1991: 12318). 17 (a)ñmalarflskem fl IT165b3 is either a writing error or an incidental analogical cor- ruption of añmalaflske ‘pitying’, after the words in -rflske cited here. Much less likely is it that añmalaflske had the same suffix, but the r was lost. 18 Different from what Hilmarsson writes, however, Tocharian A as´awe is bor- rowed from Tocharian B as´awe, and not the other way round.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 123 wäntalymem fl abl.sg. IT766b2 capad ‘bow’ abl.sg. Uv. 29.21b. This word is also attested in B109b6 and it has been translated as ‘bow’ (e.g. Schmidt 1974: 354, Thomas 1964: 240), which is confirmed by its translating capa. The inflection of the word is not clear, however, since in B109b6 it is in the oblique singular too, but there it has the form wäntalyi. If wäntalyi is no mistake for wäntaly before the fol- lowing ite, we have to assume that wäntalyi and wäntaly° are vari- ants. Since this is not the text type where we would expect syncope, and it is not the right phonological context for syncope either, I sup- pose that wäntaly° is the basic form. Possibly, ly was not tolerated in final position and automatically changed into lyi.19 (flsä)ñ-(a)ñm pällanträ IT1020a2 lapayanti ‘they boast’ Uv. 30.52b. Can we conclude that there was no Tocharian B word for ‘to boast’? At least lapayanti was translated as ‘they praise themselves’. For the same expression, cf. (flsa)ñ-añm palamai ñäs´ ‘I praised myself’ B46a5 and sañ-añm fl pällatär B64a5 ‘he praises himself’. 4. Many more of the word and grammar correspondences found in these fragments deserve a systematic discussion, which I hope can one day be offered within the framework of a complete edition of all the Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual fragments of the Udanavarga that have been identified. This edition should contain both Tocharian B – Sanskrit and Sanskrit – Tocharian B word lists, which will not only promote the study of the Tocharian B lexicon, but will also help to identify the Sanskrit originals of many more Tocharian B fragments and fragmentary texts. References Adams, Douglas Q., 1999, A dictionary of Tocharian B. Amsterdam – Atlanta. Bernhard, Franz, 1965, Udanavarga, Band I: Einleitung, Beschreibung der Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie. (Sanskrittexte aus den Turfan- funden X, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phi- lologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, Nr. 54) Göttingen. 19 Of words with final ly I found only mudgaly B218a2; ysaly B31b7 may be just a samdhi fl variant of the oblique ysalyi*, ysaly B496a6 is probably a samdhi fl variant of the nominative ysalye. The oblique cannot have been ysalye in view of the genitive isälyäntse B255b3. 124 Michaël Peyrot – 1968, Udanavarga, Band II: Indices, Konkordanzen, Synoptische Tabellen. (Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden X, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wis- senschaften in Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, Nr. 54) Göttingen. Broomhead, J.W., 1962, A textual edition of the British Hoernle, Stein and Weber Kuchean manuscripts, With transliteration, translation, grammatical commen- tary and vocabulary, 2 vols. Diss. Cambridge. Hilmarsson, Jörundur G., 1991, The nasal prefixes in Tocharian, A study in word formation. (Tocharian and Indo-European Studies Supplementary Series 3) Reykjavík. Lévi, Sylvain, 1911, ‘Étude des documents tokhariens de la mission Pelliot, I. Les bilingues’, Journal Asiatique, 10e série, volume 17, 431–449. – 1933, Fragments de textes koutchéens, Udanavarga, udanastotra, udanalamkara ˙ et karmavibhanga, ˙ Publiés et traduits avec un vocabulaire et une introduction sur le “tokharien”. Paris. Pinault, Georges-Jean, 1994, ‘Formes verbales nouvelles dans des manuscrits inédits du fonds Pelliot Koutchéen’, in: Bernfried Schlerath (ed.), Tocharisch, Akten der Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Berlin, September 1990. (To- charian and Indo-European Studies Supplementary Series 4) Reykjavík, 105–205. Schmidt, Klaus T., 1974, Die Gebrauchsweisen des Mediums im Tocharischen. Diss. Göttingen. Sieg, Emil and Wilhelm Siegling, 1930–2, ‘Udanavarga-Übersetzungen in ‘Ku- cischer Sprache’’ Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 6, 483–499. – 1953, Tocharische Sprachreste, Sprache B, Heft 2, Fragmente Nr. 71–633, aus dem Nachlaß herausgegeben von Werner Thomas. Göttingen. Stumpf, Peter, 1971, ‘Der vokalische Sandhi im Tocharischen’, Zeitschrift für Ver- gleichende Sprachforschung 85, 96–133. Thomas, Werner, 1964, Tocharisches Elementarbuch, II, Texte und Glossar. Hei- delberg. – 1968, ‘Zur tocharischen Übersetzung des Sanskrit-Udanavarga’, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 82, 183–224. – 1969, ‘Zur tocharischen Wiedergabe der Sanskrit-Verba des Udanavarga’, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 83, 290–322. – 1971, ‘Bemerkungen zu den sanskrit-tocharischen Bilinguen der Turfanfunde’, Orbis 20, 220–235. – 1971a, Bilinguale Udanavarga-Texte der Sammlung Hoernle. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwis- senschaftlichen Klasse, 1971, 7) Wiesbaden. – 1973, ‘Zur tocharischen Übersetzung der Sanskrit-Nominalkomposita des Ud- anavarga’, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 87, 161–189. – 1974, ‘Zu einigen weiteren sanskrit-tocharischen Udanavarga-Fragmenten’, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 88, 77–105. – 1974a, ‘Zur Verbal- und Kasussyntax in den sanskrit-tocharischen Udanavarga- Texten’, Orbis 23, 103–127. – 1975, ‘Zur tocharischen Entsprechung von skt. ta¯yin’, Zeitschrift für Verglei- chende Sprachforschung 89, 221–230.  More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 125 – 1977, ‘Ein weiteres tocharisches Udanavarga-Fragment’, Zeitschrift für Verglei- chende Sprachforschung 90 (1976), 104–113. – 1977a, ‘Zum Problem der Übersetzung buddhistischer Sanskrittexte im Tocha- rischen’, in: Beiträge zur Indienforschung, Ernst Waldschmidt zum 80. Geburts- tag gewidmet. (Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Indische Kunst, Band IV) Berlin, 523–548. – 1977b, ‘Der tocharische Übersetzer und seine Zweifel an der eigenen Leistung’, Central Asiatic Journal 21, 259–294. – 1980, ‘Nachtrag zur Sanskrit-Udanavarga-Ausgabe’, Zeitschrift für Verglei- chende Sprachforschung 93 (1979), 242–246. – 1989, Probleme der Übertragung buddhistischer Texte ins Tocharische. (Akade- mie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und So- zialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1989, 10) Stuttgart. – 1993, Parallele Texte im Tocharischen und ihre Bewertung. (Sitzungsberichte der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universi- tät Frankfurt am Main, XXX, 5) Stuttgart. Vergelijkende Indo-Europese Taalwetenschap Michaël Peyrot Universiteit Leiden Postbus 9515 NL – 2300 RA L e i d e n The Netherlands m.peyrot@hum.leidenuniv.nl