World Cultural Heritage

AMASRA’DA KÜLTÜREL TURİZM AMAÇLI KORUMA POLİTİKALARI

by Mehmet Tunçer

Paper presented at

OVPM-OWHC-OCPM (Dünya Miras Şehirleri Organizasyonu) – Council of Europe – and Safranbolu Belediyesi

AVRASYA ULUSLAR ARASI TURİZM SEMİNERİ

“AVRASYA DÜNYA MİRAS ŞEHİRLERİNDE KÜLTÜREL TURİZMİN GELİŞİMİ”
10-11-12 Kasım 2005
SAFRANBOLU

Amasra, Fenike ve İon SESAMOS' undan, Kraliçe AMASTRİS Amasra’ sına, Roma ve Bizans' tan, Cenovalılar' a, Osmanlı’... more Amasra, Fenike ve İon SESAMOS' undan, Kraliçe AMASTRİS Amasra’ sına, Roma ve Bizans' tan, Cenovalılar' a, Osmanlı’ dan, 2000' li yıllara, yaklaşık üç bin yıldır varlığını sürdürmektedir.
Kent, hala onu Osmanlı'ya kazandıran Büyük Fatih'in "ÇEŞM-İ CİHAN'ı yani “Dünyanın Göz Bebeği” dir.
Ancak, yoğun yapılaşma, doğal, tarihsel çevrenin tahribatı ve çevre sorunları ile bu niteliklerini giderek kaybetmektedir.
Bu Bildirinin amacı; Amasra yerleşiminin doğal değerlerini, antik kalıntılarını, ören yerlerini ve arkeolojik sit alanları ile tarihsel/geleneksel kent dokusunu korumak amacıyla yapılmış çalışmaları ve Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anıtlar Yüksek Kurulu ve Ankara Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kurulu tarafından alınmış kararları değerlendirmek ve bu değerlerin bütüncül, sürdürülebilir korunması ve geliştirilmesine ilişkin görüş ve öneriler geliştirmektir. Ayrıca, bir başka amaç da; “KÜLTÜREL TURİZM”’e yönelik bundan sonraki çalışmalara yön verebilecek, “TARİHSEL VE DOĞAL ÇEVRE KORUMA POLİTİKALARI” geliştirmektir.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle doğal, kültürel ve tarihsel değerlerin korunmasına yönelik alınan kararlar değerlendirilecektir. Daha sonra geleceğe yönelik koruma – geliştirme politikaları geliştirilecektir.

The importance of museum collections management policies and procedures to the preservation of our shared world heritage.

by Venelina Dali Saunders

Our world is unique place of life and inspiration. From the Pyramids, the Gothic cathedrals, and the frescoes in the... more Our world is unique place of life and inspiration. From the Pyramids, the Gothic cathedrals, and the frescoes in the Baroque basilicas to the priceless objects in the collections of our museums – all of this is part of the world’s heritage. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), world heritage is our legacy from the past. It is “what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.” Museums are essential custodians of the history of our civilization and unique source for learning about diverse cultures, customs and people. What museums collect, conserve, research and display belongs to all the people of the world – today and tomorrow. This is why these cultural institutions more than any other organizations are obligated for the perseveration of the material culture of our world by following proper procedures and policies to ensure the safeguard and viability of our cultural inheritance.

TOPOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORDING OF THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS

by Dorina Moullou

Co-authored with D. Mavromati, published in Proceedings of XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October, Athens, Greece

In the Acropolis Restoration Works photogrammetric recording was used from their very beginning. This paper will focus... more In the Acropolis Restoration Works photogrammetric recording was used from their very beginning. This paper will focus on the
discussion of the topographic and photogrammetric recording of the Acropolis from the beginning of the current restoration works
(1975) until today. It will be articulated in two parts. The first part will be an attempt 1. to present the most significant
photogrammetric studies already conducted, 2. to evaluate their technical efficiency and to investigate whether they have achieved
their primary aim. The second part will deal with the studies which are now in progress and will outline the problems and difficulties
posed, during their elaboration

Instrumented strain monitoring of the Acropolis Wall with optical fibre sensors: Comparison of the measurements to the analytical predictions

by Dimitris Egglezos

Co authored with E. Astreinidis, published in Acropolis Restoration News 10, 2010

The use of modern technological applications for restoring the circuit Walls of the Acropolis

by Dimitris Egglezos

published in Acropolis Restoration News 10, 2010

Preservation of the Circuit Wall of the Acropolis: past and future

by Dimitris Egglezos

Co authored with D. Moullou, published in Acropolis Restoration News,8, 2008.

In-situ tests on the Parthenon columns for the assessment of their foundation condition

by Dimitris Egglezos

Co- authored with E.E. Toumbakari, published in XV ECSMGE European Conference, Athens 2011

The paper reports a) the in-situ trial load tests, which were carried out on the four, out of six, columns of the... more The paper reports a) the in-situ trial load tests, which were carried out on the four, out of six, columns of the Parthenon western side, the Opisthodomos, during the recent restoration project (2001-2004) and b) the analytical assessment of their structural res-ponse, including foundation, based on the obtained experimental data.The dismantling of the entablature members during the anastylosis project, gave the opportunity for the performance of in situ trial load tests in order to study the response of the co-lumns, interacting to their foundation. The testing project consisted of the application of a horizontal force of 10-11kN at the ca-pital of each column. At the same time, the horizontal displacement of the capital and the vertical displacement of the base marble block, were measured The test was carried out twice in each direction, to account for differences in the foundation condi-tions. For the evaluation and the interpretation of the test results a back-analysis was performed. For the (3-d nonlinear elastic) analysis Rock-Mechanics principles were applied. The idea is that dry masonry structure, from natural rock stone blocks connec-ted with frictional “joint” forces are analogous to a jointed rockmass system. The comparison of measured values and analytical predictions are generally in good agreement, offering increased accuracy.According to the results, discrete modelling with pro-perly determined parameters for monument‟s geomaterials can satisfactorily be applied to restoration analyses of this type of structure and could form the base for more complex calculations involving dynamic effects e.g. earthquake.

Il était une fois... la grande nuit du conte

by Yan Hamel

Revue jeu, no 142, 2012.1, p. 158-161.

Towards a beneficial World Heritage: Community involvement in the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape

by Dominic Walker

2011. Museum International 63 (1-2): 25-33.

Intangible Heritage and Tourism Development at the Tsodilo World Heritage Site

by Rachel Giraudo

Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47(1)129–130. (2012)

Call for Papers: War and Peace: Conflict and Resolution in Archaeology. 45th Annual Chacmool Archaeology Conference, Calgary, Alberta

by Cara Tremain

Legal protection of World Heritage in Republic of Bulgaria

by Svetoslav Georgiev

Legal instruments for protection of World heritage Legal instruments for protection of World heritage

Heritage in Conflict: Critical Analysis of Approaches to Built Heritage in the Old City of Al Quds/Jerusalem

by Deniz Ikiz

published in "IRCICA Al Quds/Jerusalem 2015 Project: The Fourth Seminar Report", 2012.

A Local World Heritage: Relocating Expertise in World Heritage Management

by Dominic Walker

In Prep. 2013. In J. Schofield (ed.), Who Needs Experts? Counter-Mapping Cultural Heritage. Ashgate.

World Heritage Sites in Indigenous Peoples' Territories: Ways of Ensuring Respect for Indigenous Cultures, Values and Human Rights

by Stefan Disko

Merging Heritage Management and Urban Development-Creating Sustainable Archaeological Heritage Tourism in Cities

by Carolien Fokke

La réinvention des routes incas : représentations et construction de la mémoire au Pérou (2001 – 2011).

by Sébastien Jallade

Article publié en Français dans la revue Droit et Cultures n°62, “L'homogène et le pluriel, L'exemple de la multiculturalité au Pérou”, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2011/2. Dirigé par l'université de Paris-10 Nanterre/CNRS.

Le « Qhapaq Ñan » (chemin principal andin) constitue un exemple éclairant d’institutionnalisation de la mémoire au... more Le « Qhapaq Ñan » (chemin principal andin) constitue un exemple éclairant d’institutionnalisation de la mémoire au Pérou, marqué par quatre facteurs : le rôle central dévolu aux scientifiques et aux organisations internationales favorise l’irruption de logiques de développement et de patrimonialisation; l’État péruvien privilégie une représentation symbolique du territoire au profit d’un public de plus en plus globalisé; la « Marche pour la paix », une commémoration politique ancrée dans le contexte local, a été marquée par un succès populaire important, mais non relayé par les élites; enfin les projets de tourisme soutenable fondés sur des objectifs de conservation et d’authenticité ont échoué à donner une réalité concrète à leurs propositions. A l'exception de la "Caminata por la paz", ces différentes stratégies n’ont jamais réussi à impliquer durablement les communautés riveraines, et ce malgré les objectifs affichés à l’origine. Elles témoignent des enjeux contradictoires de la représentation des Andes péruviennes dans le contexte d’un pays pluriculturel.

Mots clés: Andes, Chemin inca, Construction du paysage, Institutionnalisation de la mémoire, Patrimonialisation, Pérou, Qhapaq Ñan, Territoire.

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Title: Reinventing the Inca roads: Representations and construction of memory in Peru (2001 – 2011).

Abstract: The Qhapaq Ñan (main Andean road) is a revealing example of institutionalization of memory in contemporary Peru, characterized by four main features: the central role given to scientists and international organizations favors the emergence of given patterns of development and heritage listing; the Peruvian State tends to stress a symbolic representation of territory for the benefit of a globalized audience; the “Peace march”, a political initiative well grounded in the local context, was rewarded by significant popular success, but lacked support from the elite; finally, “sustainable tourism” projects based on conservation and authenticity goals have not succeeded to put their proposals in practice. The original objective of stressing participation of local communities was not achieved on a lasting basis. These findings throw light on conflicting issues of representation of the Peruvian Andean territory in the context of a pluricultural society.

Keywords: Andes, Inca road, Institutionalization of memory, Heritage listing, Landscape constructs, Peru, Qhapaq Ñan, Territory.

La reinvención de las rutas incas: representaciones y construcción de la memoria en el Perú (2001 – 2011).

by Sébastien Jallade

Artículo original publicado en francés en la revista de la Universidad de Paris-10 Nanterre/CNRS, Francia: Droit et Cultures n°62, “L'homogène et le pluriel, L'exemple de la multiculturalité au Pérou”, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2011/2. Traducción al español en enero de 2012.

Resumen: El Qhapaq Ñan (camino principal andino) constituye un ejemplo revelador de institucionalización de la memoria... more Resumen: El Qhapaq Ñan (camino principal andino) constituye un ejemplo revelador de institucionalización de la memoria en el Perú contemporáneo, caracterizado por cuatro factores: el papel central otorgado a los científicos y a las organizaciones internacionales que genera patrones de desarrollo y patrimonialización; la prioridad concedida por el Estado peruano a una representación simbólica del territorio, orientada a un público cada vez más globalizado; la "Caminata por la paz", una conmemoración exitosa de orden político, que despertó un fuerte eco popular, pero no contó con apoyo de la élite; finalmente, los proyectos de turismo sostenible inspirados por ideales de conservación y autenticidad que no lograron concretizar sus proposiciones en la realidad. Salvo la “Caminata por la paz”, estas estrategias no han conseguido involucrar a las comunidades locales en el tiempo, pese a los objetivos inicialmente trazados. Esto revela las dificultades y conflictos que plantea la representación de los Andes peruanos dentro del contexto de un país pluricultural.

Palabras claves: Andes, Camino inca, Construcción del paisaje, Institucionalización de la memoria, Patrimonialización, Perú, Qhapaq Ñan, Territorio.

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Title: Reinventing the Inca roads: Representations and construction of memory in Peru (2001 – 2011).

Abstract: The Qhapaq Ñan (main Andean road) is a revealing example of institutionalization of memory in contemporary Peru, characterized by four main features: the central role given to scientists and international organizations favors the emergence of given patterns of development and heritage listing; the Peruvian State tends to stress a symbolic representation of territory for the benefit of a globalized audience; the “Peace march”, a political initiative well grounded in the local context, was rewarded by significant popular success, but lacked support from the elite; finally, “sustainable tourism” projects based on conservation and authenticity goals have not succeeded to put their proposals in practice. The original objective of stressing participation of local communities was not achieved on a lasting basis. These findings throw light on conflicting issues of representation of the Peruvian Andean territory in the context of a pluricultural society.

Keywords: Andes, Inca road, Institutionalization of memory, Heritage listing, Landscape constructs, Peru, Qhapaq Ñan, Territory.

Shifting values and meanings of heritage: From cultural appropriation to tourism interpretation and back

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2012. Shifting values and meanings of heritage: From cultural appropriation to tourism interpretation and back. In S. M. Lyon & C. E. Wells (Eds.), Global tourism: Cultural heritage and economic encounters (pp. 21-41). Lanham: Altamira.

This chapter explores how translocal processes of heritage policymaking and management influence its values and... more This chapter explores how translocal processes of heritage policymaking and management influence its values and meanings—both in times of stability and of turmoil—but also how “foreign” elements are incorporated and strategically (mis)used by local service providers in the heritage products told and sold to tourists. The case study from Central Java, Indonesia, provides unique insights because the current socioeconomic conditions have intensified existing conflicts over heritage appropriation and interpretation on local, national, regional, and global levels (cf. Salazar 2010b). An in-depth analysis of the empirical findings leads to a broader reflection on the dynamic interplay between the externally imaged (represented) and locally imagined value and meaning of world heritage in Indonesia and beyond. The ethnographic data illustrate that the significance of heritage—be it natural or cultural, tangible or intangible—is characterized by ever-changing pluriversality. However, before delving into the crux of the matter, it is essential to sketch the wider context.

La memoria di chi? Quirigua, archeologia maya e storia del Guatemala

by Oswaldo Chinchilla

Published in "Restuire la memoria: Modi e forme dei linguaggi museali. Atti del convegno internazionale promosso dall'Assessorato Istruzione e Cultura della Regione autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Aosta-4 e 5 giugno 2010", edited by Piero Pruneti and Maria Cristina Ronc., pp. 35-40. Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Italy.

A historical survey of the archaeological site of Quirigua, Guatemala, highlights shifting views of the site, since... more A historical survey of the archaeological site of Quirigua, Guatemala, highlights shifting views of the site, since its rediscovery in the nineteenth century until the present, including
(a) an early interpretation of the ancient Maya, and the site in particular, as the epitome of American civilization; (b) a nationalist interpretation of the Maya as the forebears of the Guatemalan nation, with Quirigua as one of its foremost achievements; (c) an international view of the site as World Culture Heritage; and (c) an ethnic-based claim of this and other Maya sites as the heritage of modern Maya peoples, and in particular, as “sacred places” for contemporary Maya spiritualists.