Tourist Behavior

Sojourners, Gangxi and Clan Associations: Social Capital and Overseas Chinese Tourism to China

by Alan A. Lew

With Alan Wong. Published in D. Timothy and T. Coles, eds., (2004) Tourism, Diasporas and Space, pp. 202-214. London: Routledge.

Unlike traditional forms of economic capital, human capital, or cultural capital (all of which relate to attributes of... more Unlike traditional forms of economic capital, human capital, or cultural capital (all of which relate to attributes of individuals), social capital is situated in the quality of relationships and is not easily quantifiable or measured (Mohan and Mohan 2002). Friendship and goodwill are examples of this. They are best created through face-to-face interactions and they become resources when “mobilized to facilitate action” (Adler and Kwon 2002). Tourism can be used to enhance social capital by bringing people together in face-to-face interactions that can, in properly structured circumstances, lead to mutually beneficial relationships. Belief in this aspect of tourism underlies support for sustainable tourism approaches and ecotourism product developments, as well as broader assertions of tourism as a force for intercultural understanding and global peace-making . Unfortunately, few tourist experiences actually achieve the goal of creating social capital, even if the capital is as amorphous as understanding and peace.

Managing Tourist Space in Pueblo Villages of the American Southwest

by Alan A. Lew

Prepublication version. Published in In Singh, Tej Vir, ed., Tourism Development in Critical Environments, pp. 120-36. Elmsford, NY: Cognizant Communications Corporation.

Keywords: Tourism, Pueblo Indians, Acculturation, Village Design, Tourist Behavior, Environmental Management
more Keywords: Tourism, Pueblo Indians, Acculturation, Village Design, Tourist Behavior, Environmental Management

First paragraph:

Acculturation is defined as the process of culture change that occurs when a society with superior technological sophistication comes into contact with one of inferior technological sophistication.  The latter is most likely to become an acculturated society, experiencing dramatic shifts in social structure and world view.  The North American experience has largely been one in which American Indians have experienced pressure to change under the expanding influence of European settlers (Bodine 1972).  Societies can react in a variety of ways under pressure of this kind (Lew 1989).  In general, these reactions can be classified into two types: innovation diffusion, and cultural adaptation.

Place Representation in Tourist Guidebooks: An Example from Singapore

by Alan A. Lew

Published in 1991 in the "Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography" 12(2):124-137. (pre-publication version)

Tourist guidebooks provide an important source of information on places. Different guidebooks are written for... more Tourist guidebooks provide an important source of information on places. Different guidebooks are written for different types of visitors to better meet their individual travel needs. This is demonstrated through a content analysis of four guidebooks written for Singapore in the early 1980s. Two of the guidebooks represent variations on mainstream, mass travel interests. The third source presents the long-term expatriates perception,
while the fourth source presents the alternative or youth tourist view of Singapore. Urban tourism is shown to be multifaceted, allowing for a diversity of travel motivations, experiences, and behavior.

Keywords: travel literature, urban tourism, content analysis, environmental perception, Singapore.

Tourism attraction systems:: Exploring Cultural Behavior

by greg richards

“There Can Be No Orcs in New Zealand”: Do Media Representations of Crime Tarnish Tourism

by John Buttle

Buttle, J.W. & Rodgers, J. (2011) “There Can Be No Orcs in New Zealand”: Do Media Representations of Crime Tarnish Tourism . In R. Mawby, E. Barclay, & C. Jones, (eds) Tourism, Leisure and Crime: The Problem of Pleasure. London:Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 

Sensationalist accounts of crime and disorder represented in the Media can threaten the tranquil image of tourist... more Sensationalist accounts of crime and disorder represented in the Media can threaten the tranquil image of tourist destinations by portraying them as dangerous and not suitable for vacationers. This discussion focuses on New Zealand where the tourist industry utilizes the rural aspects of the countryside to construct an image of peace and traquillity to sell vacations to perspective holidaymakers.

Using attribution theory to explain tourists' attachments to place-based brands

by Cristina Santini

Published on the Journal of Business Research

Abstract
Assuming a holistic view of attribution, the paper presents hypotheses regarding the mediating role of... more Abstract
Assuming a holistic view of attribution, the paper presents hypotheses regarding the mediating role of brand related attributions in the relationships between tourists' experiences (pleasure, arousal, satisfaction) and their emotional attachments to place-based brands. Testing the hypotheses involves a sample of 3460 visitors to fifteen international regions and examining wine (e.g., regional umbrella brands such as Bordeaux, Rioja, Tuscany, Napa, and Western Hills) as the tested stimulus. Results suggest that brand related attributions fully mediate the influence of pleasure and satisfaction on brand attachments, whereas arousal has a direct effect; prior place attachment and place to brand associations enhance effects of the tourism experience.

Keywords: Arousal; Attachment; Causal attribution; Pleasure; Tourism; Wine

Toward a Critical Analysis of Tourism Representations

by Wayne Mellinger

Annals of Tourism Research
Volume 21, Issue 4, 1994, Pages 756-779

This paper advances a “critical analysis of tourism representations” through examination of photographic postcards of... more This paper advances a “critical analysis of tourism representations” through examination of photographic postcards of African Americans from the South during the period 1893 to 1917. Analysis of these photographic images reveals that specific iconographic strategies were employed by postcard photographers to culturally inscribe black bodies with “Otherness”. Analysis of the postcard senders' messages reveals that these texts were often interpreted by tourists as interchangeable images of the mythic Old South or as attempts
at humor. These images positioned black subjects in a racist regime of representation that constructed subjectivities for those depicted and identities for their viewers.

Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism

by Juho Pesonen

The Aliens' Guide to Oxford

by Jonathan Bowen

Jonathan P. Bowen and Peter Breuer. Oxford University Computing Laboratory Technical Report PRG-TR-12-90, 27pp, June 1990.

See: http://en.scientificcommons.org/43004519

Also available in on-line hypertext form: http://web.archive.org/web/20030224193325/http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oxinfo/guide/

This guide gives some information about Oxford, particularly for visitors to the Programming Research Group. It was... more This guide gives some information about Oxford, particularly for visitors to the Programming Research Group. It was originally written for two collaborative ESPRIT projects, so some parts are targeted in a European and research project context. However it should be of general interest, particularly to overseas visitors who are attempting to unravel the mystique of Oxford (although the authors are still trying to do likewise!).

‘Does Nationality, Gender and Age Affect Travel Motivation? A Case of Visitors to Barbados’

by Cristina Jönsson

Co-authored with Dwayne Devonish, Published in 'Special issue of the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing examining Geography and Marketing'. December, 2008. 1 (2), pp.398-408., 2008

The study represents an exploratory attempt to capture the underlying reasons for tourists’ decisions to visit a... more The study represents an exploratory attempt to capture the underlying reasons for tourists’ decisions to visit a destination. The main objective of this study is to examine the specific case of a tourism destination, investigating first whether there are differences between motivations of those who are from different countries traveling to the destination of Barbados. Secondly, the study examines whether there are any differences in the motivations between male and female tourists, and among tourists of different age groups. Thus, it is a comparative study of differences in motives between specific groups. As a result, it attempts to incorporate the experiential view into a construct such as the image of the tourism destination. This paper seeks to propose an integrated approach to understand tourist motivations based on origins and how these contribute to the tourists’ perception of a destination.

A Typology of Tourist Emotional Experiences toward Holiday Destinations

by girish prayag

Call for Papers on China Outbound Tourism

by Wolfgang Georg Arlt

Deadline September 2010

Call for Papers
Special Issue of Journal of China Tourism Research: Mainland China’s Outbound Tourism (September... more Call for Papers
Special Issue of Journal of China Tourism Research: Mainland China’s Outbound Tourism (September 2010)

School of Hotel & Tourism Management
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute
West Coast University of Applied Sciences Germany

Journal of China Tourism Research, a quarterly from Routledge, ISSN 1938-8160, is a
refereed journal that publishes latest and quality research on tourism relating to China.
The journal will publish a special issue on “Mainland China’s Outbound Tourism” and
invites submission relating to outbound tourism in Mainland China. China had a record
high of 47.7 million departures from the Mainland in 2009, and expects the outbound
market to reach 51 million in 2010. UN World Tourism Organization forecast that China
would become the fourth largest source market producing 100 million travellers by 2020.

We welcome submissions relating to the following topics in China’s outbound tourism:

1. Tourism policy 9. Regulations and management
2. Politics and international relations 10. Travel agency operations
3. Destination marketing 11. Trends and patterns
4. Cross-cultural study 12. Economic impacts
5. Travel motivation 13. Luxury travel
6. Use of information technology 14. Service quality
7. Aviation policy 15. Approved Destination Status
8. Individual Visit Scheme 16. Outbound to HK, Macau, or Taiwan

Submission Deadlines
Extended abstract (up to 1,200 words): 1 September 2010
Reviewer feedback to authors: 1 November 2010
Full paper: 1 March 2011
Reviewer feedback to authors: 1 May 2011
Final paper: 1 July 2011
Publication of the special issue: 1 December 2011

Submission Guidelines
We accept manuscripts prepared in English according to the requirements specified in the
journal’s “Instructions for Authors” (see www.tandf.co.uk/journals/WCTR). Manuscripts
submitted must be of original research that have not been published elsewhere and have
not been submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere.
Please submit your extended abstract or full paper to Dr Tony Tse, School of Hotel &
Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, by email:
hmttse@polyu.edu.hk.

Hidden Sights: Tourism, Representation, and Lonely Planet Cambodia

by Matthew Tegelberg

Tegelberg, Matthew. 2010. Hidden Sights: Tourism, Representation and Lonely Planet Cambodia. International Journal of... more Tegelberg, Matthew. 2010. Hidden Sights: Tourism, Representation and Lonely Planet Cambodia. International Journal of Cultural Studies. 13(5): pp. 491-509.

This article examines discourses of tourist location as articulated in the influential and highly-successful travel guide Lonely Planet Cambodia. The aim is to direct attention to discourses and representations in guidebooks and their influential role in emerging tourist markets such as Cambodia by accomplishing two central tasks. First, an investigation of the discursive context within which Cambodia has been framed for more than a century reveals Lonely Planet Cambodia’s tendency to reproduce a problematic colonial discourse. Discourse analysis of examples from the guide demonstrates how this particular narrative continues to perpetuate a history of silencing local perspectives. These observations lead to a second line of argumentation. Despite Lonely Planet’s stated intention to promote a responsible and socially-conscious mode of tourism, this agenda is contradicted by discursive practices that strategically avoid controversial issues. Instead, the guidebook relies on common tourist themes that are primarily concerned with producing an image of Cambodia that appeals to the western traveller.

“Enough stories!” Asian tourism redefining the roles of Asian tour guides

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2008. “Enough stories!” Asian tourism redefining the roles of Asian tour guides. Civilisations 57(1/2):207-222.

Nowadays, local tour guides are key players in mediating tensions between concurrent processes of localization and... more Nowadays, local tour guides are key players in mediating tensions between concurrent processes of localization and globalization. Drawing on fieldwork in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this paper explores how Javanese guides adapt their practices to better serve and please Asian clients. By way of an anthropological examination of Yogyakarta's tourism sector in general and the guiding scene in particular, the paper illustrates how the surge in tourists of Asian origin is redefining the roles commonly assigned to guides in the scientific literature. The empirical data illustrate that while the Javanese guides are fine-tuning their routines to accommodate what they perceive as Asian cultural sensibilities and interests, broader structural dynamics frame the encounter. This reaffirms that tourism of Asian origin is both shaped by and shaping the currently dominant models, discourses, and imaginaries of international tourism.

Developmental tourists vs. development tourism: A case study

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2004. Developmental tourists vs. development tourism: A case study. In Tourist behaviour: A psychological perspective. A. Raj, ed. Pp. 85-107. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers.

Many Western development NGOs have a well-established tradition of organizing field trips for their staff, volunteers,... more Many Western development NGOs have a well-established tradition of organizing field trips for their staff, volunteers, and benefactors to projects in developing countries. These NGOs are increasingly offering their ‘off-the-beaten-track’ journeys to the broad public as well. This kind of tourism can be called ‘development tourism’. Interestingly, the motivations of tourists participating in such journeys clearly differ from the intentions of the organizing NGOs. Although aimed at confronting people with the complexity of development aid and gain extra support for project work, the case study analyzed in this chapter shows how tourists choosing for development tourism seem to be more preoccupied with their self-development. Development tourism can therefore best be regarded as yet another response to the growing demand for new, distinctive kinds of leisure for the educated, mainly Western, middle-class.

WORD OF VIDEO IN HOSPITALITY; FROM MARKETING TO GUEST STORYTELLING

by Ioannis S Pantelidis

The proliferation of new technologies that make video easy to record and speedily accessible on the internet make... more The proliferation of new technologies that make video easy to record and speedily accessible on the internet make guest generated content monitoring and responding challenging.  The paper defines word of video as the next generation of word of mouse and distinguishes it from viral videos.  Hospitality’s intangible services become quantifiable and tangible to guest’s perceptions. Monitoring audio or video content is harder than that of word of mouse (WoM). For hospitality the impact of WoV is of paramount importance.  As a great guest storytelling medium, guests are increasingly focusing their attention on WoV and managers should soon follow suit.

Obrador, P. and Crang, M . and Travlou, P. (2009) 'Taking Mediterranean tourists seriously.', in Cultures of mass tourism : doing the Mediterranean in the age of banal mobilities. Farnham : Ashgate, pp. 1-20. New directions in tourism analysis.

by Michael Crang

open access version

Where do they go? Monitoring Tourist Mobility at the Destination

by Niels C. Nielsen

co-authored with Bodil Stilling Blichfeldt, Center for Tourism, Innovation and Culture, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg. Presented at the 18th Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, October 2009.

(abbreviated version of extended abstract, originally prepared for symposium agenda)
There is a certain paucity... more (abbreviated version of extended abstract, originally prepared for symposium agenda)
There is a certain paucity of knowledge on decisions made during the vacation, and it seems that we need to build knowledge on where it is that tourists actually go, before we start designing "experiencepaths" for them to follow. 
GPS technology has an obvious potential in regard to monitoring tourist movements. A series of  limitations exist, though, and within the foreseeable time, special hardware will have to be used and ways found to “tie” the equipment to the respondents/test persons. The purpose of this paper is explore how GPS technology etc. can help provide the valuable and much needed information on tourists’ movement at the destination. Accordingly, the paper accounts for a very exploratory study at a specific destination (i.e. a Danish Wadden sea island). The tools employed are GPS-devices, with some degree of interactivity and opportunities for the test persons to comment and answer questions while on-the-go, be it with SMS or internet-based interfaces. What is especially interesting about this exploratory study is not the results per se and at such, at this stage we are not particularly interested in the results pertaining to where the tourists actually go during their stay at the island. Instead, the key contribution of the study is that this small-scale experiment enables us to address a series of critical questions in regard to this, new, way of researching tourists’ in situ decision-making processes and consequent movements at the destination. Hence, the ambition is that the small-scale experiment we account for in this paper may trigger further research into whether emerging technologies (GPS etc) may enable us to triangulate sources of information so that we can supplement tourists’ retrospective self-reporting pertaining to in situ decision-making with valid and reliable information on their actual behaviour at the destination.

The historical and archaeological routes to tourists in the region of Campo de Montiel (Ciudad Real, Spain): Past and Present

by Pedro R. Moya Maleno

MOYA MALENO, P.R. (2007): “Las rutas histórico-arqueológicas por la comarca del Campo de Montiel (Ciudad Real): Pasado y Presente”, en M. Zarzalejos et alii (eds.): I Congreso de Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla-La Mancha. La Gestión del Patrimonio Histórico Regional. UNED. Ciudad Real. D.L.: CR-530/2007. pp. 219-230.

This paper talks about the construction of tourist routes based on the historical and archaeological heritage in the... more This paper talks about the construction of tourist routes based on the historical and archaeological heritage in the region of Campo de Montiel (Ciudad Real, Spain). The use of the Past in Present based in political criteria and without scientifical parameters causes problems and interferences in the comprehension of the general public.

KEYWORDS: Tourist Routes, Campo de Montiel, Political interests, Grand Tour, Order of Santiago