Download (.pdf) Smoking and health in Indonesia
by Hui Liew
Indonesia is one of the top five tobacco-consuming countries in the world (Ng et al. 2006). Most Indonesians consider... more Indonesia is one of the top five tobacco-consuming countries in the world (Ng et al. 2006). Most Indonesians consider cigarette-smoking socially acceptable (Aditama 2002). This study seeks to determine the extent to which the three theoretical debates identified by Pampel and Rogers (2004) are applicable in Indonesia. The empirical work of this study will be based on the 2000 Indonesian Family and Life Survey (2000 IFLS). The main conclusion from the regression analyses is that the effect of smoking on health is similar across all the socio-economic characteristics at the individual, household and community levels. Overall, multivariate analyses suggest that an additive relationship between socio-economic status and health, and the health impact of smoking in Indonesia, reflect neither the forces of the Blaxter nor social vulnerability hypotheses. The analyses of 2000 IFLS also suggest that marriage has beneficial effects on health and smoking-related morbidity.
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Smoking may seriously affect your skeleton
Michael Henderson and Don Walker
The Lancet, Volume 379, Issue 9818, Pages 796 - 797, 3 March 2012
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60336-5
Public Support for Smoke-free Areas in Israel: Results from a Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Survey
by David Rier
Authors: Rosen, L.J., Rier, D.A., Schwartz, R., Oren, A., Kopel, A., Gevman, A., Zeller, M., Connolly, G. Pre-published online, Health Policy [13 April, 2012]. DOI:
10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.03.012; URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.03.012.
Objective
Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) harms adults and children. Though most governments are obliged by... more
Objective
Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) harms adults and children. Though most governments are obliged by international health treaty to protect nonsmokers from SHSe, few adequately do so. Public opinion can provide a powerful mandate for smoke-free policies, but a representative public voice is often absent from the political discussion. For example, following Cabinet approval of a national tobacco control plan, Israel remains embroiled in stormy debate about smoke-free legislation. This debate has unfolded without benefit of current empirical evidence on nationwide public support. The present study reports and assesses public opinion regarding smoke-free places.
Methods
A nationally representative survey (n = 505) was conducted in December, 2010. The response rate was 61%.
Results
Public opinion supports smoke-free air in many places. There was broad consensus among current, former, and never-smokers for smoke-free cars carrying children (94.4%), and smoke-free healthcare facility entrances (92.6%). A clear majority (67.0%) supportedcompletely smoke-free bars and pubs. Nearly half (47.3%) supported eliminating school staff smoking rooms.
Conclusions
These data strengthen the case for the recent government-approved tobacco control plan. Valid data regarding public opinion on tobacco control can facilitate passage and implementation of smoke-free legislation, thus speeding transition to smoke-free societies.
Keywords
• Secondhand smoke exposure (SHS;
• SHSe);
• Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE);
• Tobacco control;
• Public opinion;
• Health policy
Explaining Cross-National Youth Substance Use Through Modernization Approach: A Study of Students in Eight Post-Yugoslac Societies
Co-authored with Sergej Flere, Marina Tavcar Krajnc, Published in Policing in Central and Eastern Europe – Social Control of Unconventional Deviance: Conference proceedings. University of Maribor, Faculty of criminal justice and security. Editors: Gorazd Meško, Andrej Sotlar and John Winterdyk, p. 87-106.
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare mean levels of self-reported youth substance use measures in... more
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare mean levels of self-reported youth substance use measures in eight post-Yugoslav entities in an effort to test the applicability of modernization approach in predicting substance use levels at the cross-national level. Design/methodology/approach:
2,178 first- and second-year social science students in ex-Yugoslav entities were surveyed with the aim of identifying similarities and differences in mean levels of tobacco, alcohol, and marihuana use. Findings: Three self-reported substance use measures showed high internal consistency and factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional structure. Cross-national comparisons showed that socioeconomically most developed entities (e.g., Slovenia and Croatia) had highest means on composite substance use measure, and Kosovo had the lowest, as expected based on the modernization approach. Research limitations/implications: The study results lend support to the modernization approach as being largely successful in explaining cross-national differences in youth substance use levels. Future studies should employ larger representative samples to allow generalisability. In addition, a larger array of deviance measures ought to be employed in the future.
Practical implications: The study has implications for both researchers and the policy makers in post-Yugoslav entities. Specifically, it shows that next to socioeconomic development, additional explanations and factors (e.g., predominant religious context, historical context) should be identified when explaining cross-national substance use differences among adolescents.
Originality/value: The study extends the understanding of cross-national substance use levels in post communist entities since quantitative data from the observed environments is largely missing and empirical studies largely exclude post-Yugoslav entities from their sampling frame.
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Introduction: Material Worlds: Intersections of Law, Science, Technology and Society
Co-authored with Alex Faulkner and Bettina Lange
Smoking and health in London’s East End in the first half of the 19th century
Don Walker and Michael Henderson 2010 Post-Medieval Archaeology 44/1, 209–222
The harmful effects of smoking are now proven, but to what extent can tobacco use be identified in 19th-century... more The harmful effects of smoking are now proven, but to what extent can tobacco use be identified in 19th-century skeletal remains? The full osteological analysis of 705 individuals from the cemetery of St Mary and St Michael (open 1843–54) in Whitechapel, London, revealed a high prevalence of pipe smoking amongst the male population. In addition to a lower life expectancy, the smokers were found to have increased levels of skeletal evidence for lung disease when compared to the remainder of the sample. This has implications for the health, social structure and cohesion of this Irish migrant population.
Ethnic Differences in Patterns of Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Adolescents in Israel
by David Rier
Authors: Ben-Noach, M., Steinberg, D.M., Rier, D.A., Goldsmith, R., Shimony, T., Rosen, L.J., 2012.
Published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research [pre-published online 6 Feb., 2012, doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr261].
Introduction: Adolescent secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe)
is associated with smoking initiation and... more
Introduction: Adolescent secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe)
is associated with smoking initiation and independently damages health.
Methods: We used data from the school-based 2003–2004
Israel National Health and Nutrition Youth survey (MABAT) to
examine patterns and determinants of SHSe in a multiethnic sample of Israeli adolescents. School and child response rates were high (school: 91.8%, child: 87.9%), with 6,274 participants. We used generalized estimating equations to examine SHSe determinants.
Results: Most Israeli adolescents were exposed to SHS (total: 85.6%; home: 40%; school: 31.4%; entertainment: 73.3%; other: 16.3%). Exposure patterns differed between the Jewish and non-Jewish sectors. Jews were more frequently exposed at school and entertainment venues than were non-Jews but were less frequently exposed at home. Druze were the least exposed and non-Arab Christians the most exposed. Secular Jews were more exposed than were religious Jews; the opposite was true among Arabs. Children of less-educated fathers were exposed more than children of more-educated fathers. Adolescents who smoked were more exposed than were nonsmokers.
Conclusions: The high levels of SHSe among Israeli adolescents were characterized by different patterns of exposure among different population groups. Interventions to reduce adolescent SHSe, with appropriate tailoring, are urgently needed. These findings provide support for sustainable implementation of the recent governmentally approved tobacco control plan, which includes extended legislation for, and increased enforcement of, laws about smoking bans in schools and entertainment venues. Researchers elsewhere should be aware that levels and patterns of SHSe may vary greatly by subpopulation.
Harm reduction and the medicalisation of tobacco use
Sociology of Health and Illness. Forthcoming.
In tobacco control the focus has, for some time, been on abstinence from all types of tobacco use as the only solution... more In tobacco control the focus has, for some time, been on abstinence from all types of tobacco use as the only solution to the problem of smoking, and harm reduction approaches are controversial. The most recent English tobacco strategy has incorporated harm reduction approaches in the form of new ‘routes’ to quitting smoking that encourage those who cannot quit to use safer sources of nicotine. This move away from a focus on abstinence can be seen as the result of gradual shifts over the past fifty years in the way that that the problem of smoking is understood and the solutions that are offered. These shifts have involved increasingly seeing tobacco use as a medical problem. This paper uses conceptual tools from science and technology studies to examine developments over the last decade in England, primarily the increasing importance of the idea of harm reduction. Drawing on twenty semi-structured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and documentary analysis, I suggest that the shape harm reduction has taken in English tobacco control policy has been another shift towards the medicalisation of tobacco use, but that this process has occurred in ways that provide a contrast to commonly outlined ‘drivers’ of medicalisation.
The regulation of nicotine the UK: how nicotine gum came to be a medicine but not a drug
with Emilie Cloatre and Robert Dingwall. (2012) Journal of Law and Society, 39(1): 39-57.
This article explores the utility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a tool for socio-legal research. ANT is deployed in... more This article explores the utility of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a tool for socio-legal research. ANT is deployed in a study of the evolution of divided regulatory responsibility for tobacco and medicinal nicotine (MN) products in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on how the latter came to be regulated as a medicine. We examine the regulatory decisions taken in the United Kingdom in respect of the first MN product: a nicotine-containing gum developed in Sweden, which became available in the United Kingdom in 1980 as a prescription-only medicine under the Medicines Act 1968. We propose that utilizing ANT to explore the development of nicotine gum and the regulatory decisions taken about it places these decisions into the wider context of ideas about tobacco control and addiction, and helps us to understand better how different material actors acted in different networks leading to very different systems of regulation.
Tobacco point of sale (PoS) displays in England: a snapshot survey of current practices
With Hazel Cheeseman, Martin Dockrell, Deborah Millward and Amanda Sandford (2010) Tobacco Control 19 (4): 279-284
Background: Tobacco displays at the point of sale (PoS) are an important means for the tobacco industry to communicate... more
Background: Tobacco displays at the point of sale (PoS) are an important means for the tobacco industry to communicate with consumers. With regulations prohibiting PoS displays recently having come into force in Ireland, passed into law in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and some Australian states, and being considered in New Zealand, Finland and Brazil, this is an increasingly important issue. This study explores the nature of displays, the extent to which they are tobacco industry funded, and the relation between the tobacco companies and retailers.
Methods: Three areas were chosen to gain a snapshot of PoS displays in England. Over 100 retailers were visited, with interviews taking place on site. Information was gathered on the type and size of tobacco display, who was paying for the display, requirements and incentives, and visits by industry representatives.
Results: The majority of retailers had gantries provided by tobacco companies. A minority of these were fitted with automated dispensers called retail vending machines. Attractive lighting and colour were often used to highlight particular products. Most retailers were being visited by industry representatives who checked displays. Some retailers also reported incentives offered to them for displaying products.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the tobacco industry presence and control in the retail environment is significant. Tobacco companies overwhelmingly provided tobacco gantries in the shops surveyed and influenced displays through a combination of requirements and incentives. The extensive involvement of tobacco companies in providing and monitoring retail displays suggests the importance of implementing policies to end this form of advertising.
Tenascin-C in betel-quid associated lesions
The expression of Tenascin-C, an adhesion modulating or anti- adhesive extracellular matrix protein, was evaluated in... more
The expression of Tenascin-C, an adhesion modulating or anti- adhesive extracellular matrix protein, was evaluated in betel quid associated lesions of oral mucosa showing focal hyperkeratosis (n=15), dysplasia (n=15), oral submucous fibrosis (n=7) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=8). All the patients were chewers of betel quid containing betel leaves, areca nuts, lime and tobacco. The results obtained from this study were compared to similar lesions in smokers and non-quid users cited in the literature (Shrestha et al, Oral Oncol, 1994). An enhanced expression of TN-C was observed in epithelial connective tissue interface of quid associated hyperkeratotic and dyplastic mucosa. However, the expression was less extensive as compared to similar lesions among smokers or those without smoking or quid habits although the enhanced expression observed in the stromal tissue surrounding the carcinoma cells in carcinoma arising at sites where quids were often placed did not differ. Oral submucous fibrosis showed no or a faint linear immunoreactivity to an intense reactivity often abruptly ending at the epithelial-connective tissue interface. Areas of subepithelial hyalinization in oral submucous fibrosis remained unreactive. These variations in oral submucous fibrosis were observed in different areas of the same specimen. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, however, showed no difference in the expression of TN-C among these two groups of patients. The result of the present study suggest that epithelial hyperproliferation with or without dysplastic changes in quid related oral lesions may induce an altered epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and may be a factor in an enhanced expression of TH-C. However, the reaction products may be less widespread as compared to lesions among smokers or those without smoking or quid habits