Theories and Practices of Development

Andriotis, K. (2000). Local community perceptions of tourism as a development tool. PhD thesis. Bournemouth: Bournemouth University.

by Konstantinos Andriotis

For an online version see: http://www.angelfire.com/ks/andriotis/PhDthesis.html

In recent decades tourism development has expanded on most Mediterranean islands. Focusing on the island of Crete,... more In recent decades tourism development has expanded on most Mediterranean islands. Focusing on the island of Crete, this study recognises tourism as a highly visible and controversial component of change. The existence of the necessary infrastructure, the natural beauty, the climate, the culture and the history have contributed to tourism expansion, with Crete now attracting approximately 25 percent of foreign tourist arrivals and 55 percent of the total foreign exchange earnings of Greece. The perceptions of the local community in tourism were studied using personal interviews with three community groups: local authority officials, residents and tourism business owners and managers. The aim was to examine their views on tourism development, in an attempt to establish overall desired directions for tourism development and to suggest effective tourism strategies and policies to reinforce positive outcomes and alleviate problems resulting from previous unplanned tourism development. The research findings identify much agreement among the three community groups suggesting that it is feasible to further develop tourism with the support of the community. Although the areas used in the sample were in the maturity stage of Butler's (1980) life cycle model and therefore it might be expected that the community would be at the antagonism stage of Doxey's (1975) model, this was not suggested by the findings. Tourism is viewed positively as a development option, and further tourism development, with conditions attached, is supported. The expansion of tourism has brought economic gains, employment creation, increased population, enhanced community infrastructure and cultural and environmental preservation. However, there is limited co-ordination of tourism activities and insufficient collaboration between the public and private sector. In addition, the island is dependent on foreign tour operators, and the tourism industry is uneven geographically and seasonally. Tourism has modified traditions and has affected the environment and society. Since community perceptions match reality (what is on the ground from development), problems are real and it is necessary to find solutions for their amelioration. As a result, policy implications emerging from the results presented in this thesis are discussed and future strategies are suggested.

Keywords: Community attitudes and perceptions, development, planning, Crete

Andriotis, K. (2002). Scale of Hospitality Firms and Local Economic Development. The Case of Crete. Tourism Management, 23(4): 333-341.

by Konstantinos Andriotis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517701000942

The hospitality industry generates benefits for many host communities including employment generation and foreign... more The hospitality industry generates benefits for many host communities including employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. However, the hospitality industry often leads to external dependency contributing to a loss of local control over resources, migrant workforce and leakages outside the local economy, seriously reducing industry’s potential for generating net financial advantages and growth for the local economy. Despite the variation of size of hospitality firms, there is still limited research on how well different size hospitality firms contribute to local economic development, something which this paper addresses, taking as a case the island of Crete. The findings suggest that the smaller the size of hospitality firm the larger the benefits to the local economy.

Keywords: hospitality firms; Scale; Economic development; Crete

Community Development in the Advent of Climate Change

by Chang Jordan

Development theories, economic policies and institutions: a dialectical evolution

by Pasquale De Muro

¿Una nueva visión del desarrollo? El Banco Mundial en la etapa Wolfensohn (1995-2001)

by José Antonio Sanahuja

Tiempo de Paz, nº 62, otoño-invierno 2001, ISSN 0212-8926, pp. 19-32

Consenso, disenso, confusión: el ‘debate Stiglitz’ en perspectiva

by José Antonio Sanahuja

Papeles  de cuestiones internacionales, nº 82,verano 2003, ISSN 0214-8072, pp. 71-80

Selling Out Rights How Policy Affects Access to Health Services In East and Central Africa

by Harry Jeene

Rethinking Development: Religious Tourism as Material and Cultural Revitalization in Pietrelcina, Italy

by Michael Di Giovine

published in "Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal." Vol. 58, No. 3, November 2010, pp. 271-288.

This article re-conceptualizes processes whereby religious tourism is adopted to generate socio-cultural... more This article re-conceptualizes processes whereby religious tourism is adopted to generate socio-cultural "betterment" in small-scale societies by presenting an in-depth case study of the Southern Italian village of Pietrelcina, the birthplace of recently canonized St. Padre Pio of Pietrelcina. "Tourism development" has long been considered central for economic development, employment, and poverty alleviation; it has also been criticized as fostering neocolonialism, inauthenticity and museumifi cation. Arguing that the pervasive "development
paradigm" creates a tautology whereby outside forces create and attempt to alleviate local tensions between maintaining tradition and transformation, the paper argues that such initiatives be organic and focused on tourism's potentialities and intangible effects; anadaptation of Anthony Wallace's classic anthropological model of revitalization movements is then proposed. In contrast to the "development paradigm's" linear, top-down, and antiorganic approach, a revitalization movement posits society as a life-cycle, wherein members organically look to past practices to resolve present problems. Drawing on data collected over more than two years of fieldwork, the paper presents an ethnographic analysis of the variety of responses by Pietrelcina's locals and site managers to tourism's revitalizing potential, ultimately urging practitioners and researchers alike to consider revitalization theory as a model for sustainable tourism development.

Keywords:
tourism; development;, revitalization; pilgrimage; Pietrelcina; Padre Pio; Italy

Between Pure and Applied Research: Experimental Ethnography in a Transcultural Tourist Art World

by Quetzil Castañeda

published in NAPA Bulletin, 2005.

Research Proposal: The international response to coups d'états and its consequences

by Julien Harneis