Sustainable Tourism

Citrus Gardens of Bitez as a Potential Tool for Ecotourism (Bodrum, Turkey)

by Nezih R. Aysel

CSAAR 2010 (The Center for the Study of Architecture in the Arab Region) "Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development", Amman, Jordan.

Sustainability in hospitality and tourism education: Towards an integrated curriculum

by B. Bynum Boley

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education

Boley, B. (2011) Sustainability in hospitality and tourism education: Towards an integrated curriculum. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education. 23(4): 22-30.

The growing importance of sustainability to the hospitality and tourism industry has resulted in an increased... more The growing importance of sustainability to the hospitality and tourism industry has resulted in an increased pedagogical discussion pertaining to how to incorporate sustainability into the undergraduate curriculum. The previous discussion has largely focused on the need to teach sustainability within the hospitality and tourism curriculum (Deale et al., 2009), and determining hospitality and tourism stakeholders’ attitudes towards teaching sustainability in the curriculum (Barber et al., 2011). Despite the strong interest in sustainability, Deale et al. (2009) article reveals that sustainability is rarely taught within the curriculum. This study moves the discussion away from should sustainability be taught within the hospitality and tourism curriculum towards a discussion of how to best teach sustainability within the curriculum. This article suggests that an integrated sustainability curriculum will provide students with a better education and better preparation for the hospitality and tourism profession than limiting its inclusion to specific classes or majors. Part of this recommendation for integration of sustainability into the hospitality and tourism curriculum is a proposed model that demonstrates the need to view sustainability as the ultimate context of focus and hospitality and tourism as a subcomponent of this focus. Having sustainability as the end goal of hospitality and tourism will result in natural integration of sustainability into the curriculum because sustainability is the main context of interest. The difficulties and challenges of integrating sustainability into the curriculum are also discussed, as well as, suggestions to help facilitate the process

Measuring Geotourism: Developing and Testing the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS)

by B. Bynum Boley

Journal of Travel Research

Boley, B., Nickerson, N. and Bosak, K. (2011). Measuring Geotourism: The Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS). Journal of Travel Research. 50(5): 567-578.

Geotourism is tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place, including its environment,... more Geotourism is tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of a place, including its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a scale measuring geotraveler tendencies (GTS). The GTS consists of 35 items across eight subscales measuring both attitudes and behaviors of travelers. Confirmatory factor analysis tested each scale for construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity, and demonstrated that all eight scales of the GTS were valid and reliable measures of the dimensions of geotourism. Standardized factor loadings ranged from .52 to .92 and construct reliability scores ranged from .72 to .94 for the eight attitudinal and behavioral scales. For destinations interested in promoting geotourism, the GTS provides a tool to determine if visitors traveling to their area embrace geotourism values of sustaining and enhancing the geographical character of place.

Profiling geotravelers: An a priori segmentation identifying and defining sustainable travelers using the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS)

by B. Bynum Boley

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Boley, B. and Nickerson, N. (In Press). Profiling geotravelers: An a priori segmentation identifying and defining sustainable travelers using the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS). Journal of Sustainable Tourism.

This study expands research on geotourism by using the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS) to profile geotravelers. The... more This study expands research on geotourism by using the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS) to profile geotravelers. The results demonstrate the GTS’s ability to effectively identify different levels of geotravelers. An a priori segmentation was conducted using the respondents’ overall geotraveler score from the GTS as the segmenting criterion. The resulting three segments were labeled ‘minimal geotravelers,’ ‘moderate geotravelers,’ and ‘strong geotravelers’. MANOVA and Pearson Chi-square analysis showed significant differences between the three groups on all items within the GTS as well as significant differences between the segments on the variables of gender, income, country of origin, and likelihood to visit national parks. This study 1) Confirms the usefulness of the GTS for identifying and segmenting travelers, and 2) Provides the sustainable tourism field with a more holistic tool for measuring sustainable travelers. Destination managers interested in marketing to geotravelers can use this tool to identify how many geotravelers come to their area, their level of geotraveler tendencies, and what the destination can focus on to attract more of this travel segment. Geotourism is positioned as a sustainable marketing strategy that attracts conscientious visitors whose impacts help promote the ‘character of place’ rather than detract from it.

The Contradictions and Paradoxes of Slow Food: Environmental Change, Sustainability and the Conservation of Taste

by C. Michael Hall

Hall, C.M. 2012, The contradictions and paradoxes of slow food: Environmental change, sustainability and the conservation of taste, pp.53-68 in Slow Tourism: Experiences and Mobilities, eds. S. Fullagar, K. Markwell & E. Wilson, Channel View, Bristol.

Copy here is a draft of the chapter. The direct URL for the book is: more Copy here is a draft of the chapter. The direct URL for the book is: http://www.channelviewpublications.com/display.asp?isb=9781845412807.

Island, Islandness, Vulnerability and Resilience

by C. Michael Hall

Hall, C.M. (2012) Island, islandness, vulnerability and resilience. Tourism Recreation Research, 37, in press. (this is a copy of the initial draft)

This paper is a response to a research probe in Tourism Recreation Research on 'Island Tourism or Tourism on... more This paper is a response to a research probe in Tourism Recreation Research on 'Island Tourism or Tourism on Islands?'. The paper discusses issues surrounding the field of island studies and the significance of islandness. The paper argues that islands serve as a valuable framework for examining both natural and social science issues. The paper extends MacArthur and Wilson's theory of island biogeography to the human ecology of islands and suggests that it can be applied to the understanding of adaptation, resilience, and vulnerability in island tourism. The model may also provide a basis for better understanding the notion of steady-state tourism. From this approach the equilibrial or steady state number of businesses is reached at the intersection of the rate of immigration of new businesses, not already on the island, and the emigration or closure (extinction) of businesses on the island, along with the capacity of businesses to innovate and adapt (which is analagous to species evolution over time and the occupation of new ecological niches). Immigration rates are postulated to vary as a function of distance, and closure rate as a function of island area and resources that determine the competition for finite natural and human capital. The equilibrium point at which I equals E is, of course, never completely constant as it will shift over time in relation to a range in external and internal factors however the key point is that there is a ‘capacity’ to how many businesses – or people, including visitors – can successfully inhabit a finite area over time without there being loss of natural capital

Networking, innovation, and performance in Norwegian nature-based tourism

by Erlend Nybakk

Nybakk, E., Vennesland, B., Hansen, E. & Lunnan, A. 2008. Networking, innovation, and performance in Norwegian nature-based tourism. Journal of Forest Products Business Research 5(4): 26 pp.

Rural communities in Norway have been under great economic stress in recent years. There has been an increasing debate... more Rural communities in Norway have been under great economic stress in recent years. There has been an increasing debate about how to utilize the large potential in a growing tourism industry to promote rural employment and income. This study is based on the institutional view of innovation with a focus on institutions that are important for stimulating innovations. The objectives are: 1) to determine if networking is positively related to innovativeness and if innovativeness is positively related to performance in the nature-based tourism industry in Norway and 2) to develop an in-depth understanding of how different actors trigger a member of the industry to change, create, or otherwise innovate. An email survey was conducted of companies across the country followed by a qualitative study in one Norwegian municipality. Results indicate that there is a positive connection between networking and innovativeness, and between innovativeness and performance. A qualitative case example illustrates the interaction among actors and the resulting impacts on the innovation process.

Itinerari etruschi: Il porto di Pyrgi

by Marina Marcelli

in Chiron, suppl. a Teknos, anno VI, n. 7/8 (luglio-agosto 1996), pp. 30-31

Business partner or simple catch? The economic value of the sicklefin lemon shark in French Polynesia

by Johann Mourier

Tourism Planning and Traditional Urban Planning Theory: Planners as Agents of Social Change

by Alan A. Lew

Invited commendaty, (2007) In "Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association of Leisure Studies" 31(2):383-392. (pre-publication version)

In terms of community focus, the field of urban and regional planning is much more comprehensive in both subject... more In terms of community focus, the field of urban and regional planning is much more comprehensive in both subject matter and outcomes than is most tourism planning, as least as each is taught in higher education around the world. Tourism planning, however, draws upon a good portion of urban and regional planning methods, especially in the area known as rational planning. As such, the more narrow area of tourism planning could be considered a subfield of urban and regional planning. One major shortcoming of tourism planning is an apparent lack of attention to the normative issues of (1) how planners should plan and (2) what issues planners should focus on in their planning efforts. These questions address the complexity of data and issues that planners deal with, including questions of what
data or information is collected, how it is organized, and how the information will be used to make decisions. Tourism planners could benefit from greater familiarity with these fundamental concepts of planning theory.

Keywords: tourism planning, urban planning, planning theory

Public Trust in Tourism Institutions

by Robin Nunkoo

Annals of Tourism Research (Forthcoming)

Political trust is important for good governance.  However, there is a paucity of research on this topic in the... more Political trust is important for good governance.  However, there is a paucity of research on this topic in the tourism literature.  This paper tests a model of public trust in tourism institutions based on the institutional and cultural theories of political trust.  Results from the structural equation modeling analysis suggest that the perceived economic and political performance of institutions, residents’ power in tourism, and interpersonal trust are good determinants of political trust in tourism institutions.  A significant relationship is also noted between public trust and political support for tourism.  The theoretical and practical implications of the findings, the study’s limitations and some directions for future research are discussed.

Touristic Paradises: A Critical Rendering of Modern Vacationscapes

by Chaim Noy

Chapter in Rachel Elior (ed.), A Garden Eastward in Eden Traditions of Paradise. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University Magnes Press. Pp. 395-409. (2010). (Hebrew)

In this chapter I argue that in late-modernity, the industry of mass-tourism has re-produced, monopolized and mediated... more In this chapter I argue that in late-modernity, the industry of mass-tourism has re-produced, monopolized and mediated both symbolic paradisal images and concrete paradisal spaces. Tourism industry has accomplished the institutionalization and commercialization of contemporary paradises, via the uncanny and immensely profitable combination of mass-communication (mainly commercials), and mass-transportation, both of which are typical of the late-modern epoch. After I delineate several dichotomies due to which the tourism industry blossoms, regarding the differentiations between ‘home’ and ‘away,’ and between alienated and mundane living, and authentic paradisal existence, I adopt a feminist neo-Marxist perspective on one of the world’s greatest exploitative industries. I conclude by suggesting a few alternatives, and a brief neo-Marxist re-reading of the biblical story of the creation of Eden

Commodified Imagined Spaces: A few Critical Remarks on Tourism’s (in)visibilities

by Chaim Noy

Chapter in Arnon Soffer, Jacob, O. Maoz, and Ronit Cohen-Seffer (eds.), Cultural Landscape Patterns (honoring Yoram Bar-Gal). Haifa University Press, Haifa. Pp. 221-232. (Hebrew). (2011)

Exploring Community Sustainability Potential In Nature Based Tourism: The Far South Coast Nature Tourism and Recreation Plan

by Simon Darcy

Schweinsberg, S., Wearing, S., & Darcy, S. (2007, 11-14 February). Exploring Community Sustainability Potential in Nature Based Tourism: The Far South Coast Nature Tourism and Recreation Plan. Paper presented at the Tourism - Past Achievements, Future Challenges, Manly - Sydney Australia.

Often nature tourism development is viewed as a path to changing the economic industry base, security, and by... more Often nature tourism development is viewed as a path to changing the economic industry base, security, and by implication towards creating community sustainability in rural areas. This paper argues that a sole focus on economic growth is too narrow a representation of the linkages between the tourism industry and host communities. It asserts that community sustainability is better seen as an integrating, encompassing concern for the cultural, social, economic and environmental sustainability potential of the community in a particular locality. The objectives of the 2004 Far South Coast Nature Tourism and Recreation Plan are presented as a means of illustrating the challenge in developing a sustainable future for Australian rural communities.
Keywords: Nature tourism, community sustainability, social impact assessment, Far South Coast Nature Tourism and Recreation Plan

Parc Naturel Régional des Préalpes d'Azur : Le potentiel du tourisme durable.

by David Ward-Perkins

November 2010. Study undertaken for the Syndicat Mixte du Parc Naturel Régional des Préalpes d'Azur.

Steine statt Blumen Forschungsprojekt: Bundesgartenschauen und Stadtplanung

by Martin Klamt

Ecotourism, biological invasions and biosecurity

by C. Michael Hall

Hall, C.M. & Baird, T., Ecotourism, biological invasions and biosecurity, in The International Handbook of Ecotourism, eds. R. Ballantyne & J. Packer, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, in press. (Draft of submitted chapter)

INTRODUCTION
The conservation of biological diversity (biodiversity) is integral to the viability of ecotourism.... more INTRODUCTION
The conservation of biological diversity (biodiversity) is integral to the viability of ecotourism. Biodiversity refers to the total sum of biotic variation, ranging from the genetic level, through the species level and on to the ecosystem level. Unfortunately, ‘there are multiple indications of continuing decline in biodiversity in all three of its main components — genes, species and ecosystems’ (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD] 2010, p.9), with the continued growth in biological invasion being a significant contributor to loss of biodiversity. Compared to other environmental problems, invasive species present at least six particular management and policy challenges (after Keller et al. 2011):
1. Their impacts tend to increase over time as populations spread and become larger;
2. The actions of neighbouring jurisdictions are critical in the management of invasive species
3. Economically valuable trade, including tourism, are often the vectors of invasive species;
4. It is usually impossible to determine the exact conditions that will lead to a biological invasion;
5. Controlling the spread of invasive species requires difficult to achieve international cooperation; and
6. There is often a considerable time lag, also referred to as an ‘invasion debt’ (Esl et al. 2011), between the introduction of non-native species and their spread.
The introduction of alien species into an environment is often associated with tourism because of the capacity of tourists and the infrastructure of tourism to act as carriers of exotic species...

Preliminary geosite assessment model (gam) and its application on Fruška gora mountain, potential geotourism destination of Serbia

by Djordjije Vasiljevic

The use of web-based dynamic maps in the promotion of the Titel loess plateau Vojvodina, Serbia, a potential geotourism destination

by Djordjije Vasiljevic

Loess towards (geo) tourism – proposed application on loess in Vojvodina region (north Serbia)

by Djordjije Vasiljevic