Stereotypes

Encountering the Western “Other” in Chinese Propaganda Posters

by Stefan Landsberger

in Michael Wintle (ed) (2008). Images of Europe: Europe and European civilization as seen from its margins  and by the rest of the world, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang S.A.), 147-175

Stereotype-based versus personal-based filtering rules in information filtering systems

by Peretz Shoval

Authors: T. Kuflik, B. Shapira, P. Shoval
Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology (JASIST) (2003), Vol. 54 (30), 243-250.

Rule-based information filtering systems maintain user profiles where the profile consists of a set of filtering rules... more Rule-based information filtering systems maintain user profiles where the profile consists of a set of filtering rules expressing the user’s information filtering policy. Filtering rules may refer to various attributes of the data items subject to the filtering process. In personal rule based filtering systems, each user has his/her own personal filtering rules. In stereotype rule-based filtering systems, a user is assigned to a group of similar users
(his/her stereotype) from which he/she inherits the stereotype’s filtering profile. This study compares the effectiveness of the two alternative rule-based filtering methods: stereotype-based rules versus personal rules.
We conducted a comparison between filtering effectiveness when using the personal rules or when using the stereotype-based rules. Although, intuitively, personal filtering rules seem to be more effective because each user has his own tailored rules, our comparative study reveals that stereotype filtering rules yield more effective results. We believe that this is because users find it difficult to evaluate their filtering preferences accurately. The results imply that by using a stereotype it is possible not only to overcome the problem of user effort required to generate a manual rule-based profile, but at the same time even provide a better initial user profile.

Bandit, Succubus, Gigolo, Maid, & Fiend: 20th and 21st Century Latina/o Bodies in the Imagination of the Americas

by William Nericcio

http://textmex.blogspot.com/2011/10/mextasy-and-text-mex-on-road-to.html

Resistance, Social Criticism and Negotiation in Tonta, tonta, pero no tanto (1972)

by Mariana Pineda-Dawe

This essay analyses the stereotype of La India María, as portrayed by María Elena Velasco since the late 1960s, in her... more This essay analyses the stereotype of La India María, as portrayed by María Elena Velasco since the late 1960s, in her first movie Tonta, tonta, pero no tanto (Foolish, Foolish, But
Not so Much, 1972). It also considers the use of the stereotype as a form of resistance, the sociopolitical context from which the character and first movie appeared, as well as the importance of
the study of popular culture as it allows for the possibility of the people to “share their memory and their experience” (Martín).

An Approach of UML for an Elevator System by Implementing Stereotypes

by Clarence Tauro

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT), ISSN 0975–9646, Volume 3 Issue 2 March-April 2012, Pages :3696-3698
(with Dr. N Ganesan, Rashmi N C, Janet Agnes)

This paper studies the extension mechanisms of the
UML in the object oriented application and it introduces a... more This paper studies the extension mechanisms of the
UML in the object oriented application and it introduces a new
approach of using Stereotypes and shows its usefulness by
implementing in an elevator control system. This paper also
discusses the process of specifying, translating and verifying
UML specifications for an elevator system. Different kinds of
existing UML Meta-models used in an elevator system are
analyzed UML elevator system by implementing the Stereotypes
will be created based on the real time system using the analysis
report.

‘Twice the Va Va Voom?': transitivity, stereotyping and differentiation in British advertising for Renault Clio’ Visual Studies, Vol.26, No.3, November 2011, 244-259

by Paul Jobling

Mobilising what Jean-Marie Floch calls the semiotic square, this 10,000-word article explores the tranition from 'this... more Mobilising what Jean-Marie Floch calls the semiotic square, this 10,000-word article explores the tranition from 'this thing' (the car itself) to 'that thing' (the car in the advertisment) and what the concomitant transitivity between a global brand and a national culture can entail through a close textual analysis of British televison and poster pulbicity for the Renault Clio, and in particular for the Clio III. Organised around the ludic rheme, 'Twice the Va Va Voom', and the crtitical valorisation, 'French car, British designers', the advertising campaign, launched in 2005, elaborates a double-code that sets up the idea of the 'country-of-origin' as a contest, pitting Britain, in the guise of Ben, against France, in the guise of Sophie. As such, the commercial identity of the car is performatively imbricated, scene-by-scene, with cultural phenomena from both France and Britain - engineering, food, literature, and romance.

Accordingly, I deal with the tension between sameness and difference in Anglo-French relations that the verbal and visual rhetoric of the publicity connotes in the context of the 'entente cordiale'. I take into account the way the ad campaign simultaneously maintains and deconstructs the cultural, social and historical stereotypes that exist on the ‘outside’, addressing sex and gender identities, white nationalism and white foreignness, and the racial blind spots of the advertisement in comparison to the preceeding 'Va Va Voom' campaign, which starred the black footballer Thierry Henry.

At the same time, as we observe Ben and Sophie driving their respective Clios around London and Paris in the television advertisement, and the conjunction of London and Paris signified in the poster, the city is objectified as a kind of meeting point or passage for the negotitation of new social relations and networks that enunciate the transition from poltical to commercial globalism in the Single European Market.


This research paper was originally delivered as a keynote address for the Design History Society Annual Conference, ‘Writing Design - Process: Object: Discourse: Translation’ at the University of Hertfordshire, 3-5 September 2009.

Arvanitis, A. (2012). When in Greece. Project Syndicate.

by Alexios Arvanitis

Article about essentialist remarks. Online commentary at Project Syndicate.

A Genre Approach to Goals and their Implementation Applied to a TV programme for the Virginia Farming Community

by Barry Pennock-Speck

In this article we have analysed a television programme, Down Home Virginia, addressed to farmers and the general... more In this article we have analysed a television programme, Down Home Virginia, addressed to farmers and the general public in the state of Virginia, USA from a genre studies perspective. Down Home Virginia constitutes a mixed or hybrid genre (Bhatia 2002) which combines news, entertainment and the promotion of agricultural products. We have centred on the diverse goals pursued in the programme and how they are implemented. We have divided the concept of goal into several separate but related notions: overt/covert and strategic/tactical. We have focused our analysis on the implementation of the goals of the programme on the use of music and images, voices and accents, stereotypical images, and popularized specialist discourse (Calsamiglia & van Dijk 2004; Myers 2003, inter alia). Through our analysis we hope to have contributed to genre studies, especially to discovering some of the differences between specialized and popularized genres.

Crenças estereotipadas acerca de atletas que sofreram lesões

by Verena Freire

Communicating stereotype-relevant information: is factual information subject to the same communication biases as fictional information?

by Thomas Webb

Images of Japan

by Christopher Hood

Between May 2001 and March 2002, a festival – Japan 2001 (see www.japan2001.org.uk) – was held in the UK aimed at further improving relations between the two countries and deepening the understanding in the UK of Japan. 2,087 events were held throughout the country during this period, with over 3,000,000 people participating. This survey was one of the events and I would like to express my thanks to Japan 2001 for their support of this project.

There can be no doubting that Japan is an important country. Economically, it is still the world’s number two.... more There can be no doubting that Japan is an important country. Economically, it is still the world’s number two. Politically, it remains an important ally of the United Kingdom and the United States. Socially, it contributes to the world of art, cinema, music, sports, etc. However, how much is really known about the
country? This paper is the result of a survey done as part of the Japan 2001 festival in the UK.

Entre sciences sociales, journalisme et manifestes. La représentation de groupes sociaux réputés émergents dans la France des années 2000

by Cyprien Tasset

The French press of the 2000s evokes social groups totally unknown in the previous decade: the... more The French press of the 2000s evokes social groups totally unknown in the previous decade: the "bourgeois-bohemian" or "bobo", the "precarious intellectuals", the "creative-cultural," and the "creative class". Being in competition with the social science discourse, they have been the target of reports often severe on the part of researchers. While agreeing with such caution, we propose to take seriously the media success of these social prophecies. Using the portal Factiva, we identified the sections of the general national press that mention at least one of these categories. In order to shed light on the political games of the press with these classification tools, we investigate the corpus and analyze the manifest themselves.

Incidental exposure to no-smoking signs primes craving for cigarettes

by Brian Earp

Earp, B. D., Dill, B., Harris, J., Ackerman, J., and Bargh, J. (2011). Incidental exposure to no-smoking signs primes craving for cigarettes: An ironic effect of unconscious semantic processing? Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in Psychology, Vol 2, No 1, 12-23.

The present study tests whether incidental exposure to no-smoking signs may ironically boost craving for cigarettes in... more The present study tests whether incidental exposure to no-smoking signs may ironically boost craving for cigarettes in smokers. Smokers viewed photographs in which no-smoking signs were either incon- spicuously embedded (prime) or edited out (control). Participants then used a joystick to make quick approach vs. avoid motions while viewing smoking-related and neutral stimuli on a computer screen (Chen & Bargh, 1999). We hypothesized that primed smokers, but not controls, would show an automatic reach bias toward the smoking-related stimuli. The data supported our prediction. Possible mechanisms for the effect are discussed, as well as implications for public health policy, negation-based social campaigns in general, and our understanding of the unconscious processing of semantic information.

Women Stereotypes Portrayed in Print Ads by Luxury Fashion Brands. A Content Analysis, 2002-2005.

by Paloma Diaz Soloaga

Extrapolating Revolution in Who Fears Death and District 9

by Frederic Derose-Jacques

Stereotypes and advertising

by Sladjana Starcevic

Stereotypes and advertising
Starčević Slađana
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economy

Marketing
2006, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 41-46

Abstract

Many times, we have had a chance to hear that marketing communications are something that can move... more Abstract

Many times, we have had a chance to hear that marketing communications are something that can move ahead of time. However, there are many areas in which they are moving slowly than time, without consideration of provided conditions. One of these areas is gender portraying, that is, accepted roles of women and men in the society. We cannot deny that gentle movements have been made towards their more realistic presentation, but a persistent claim that results from recent researches is that marketing communications and particularly advertising, as instrument that most directly reflects this theme, has remained rather resistant to changes in the society. Consequently values that have been built in brands with help of advertising are rather obsolete. Differently speaking, advertising has a showdown with stereotyping - as an assignment of a (usually negative) label to certain groups of people based on a certain belief about how these people tend to behave in the society.

Keywords

marketing process; promotion; advertising; slogan; value model

Mindful maths: Reducing the impact of stereotype threat through a mindfulness exercise

by Nic Hooper

Individuals who experience stereotype threat – the pressure resulting from social comparisons
that are perceived... more Individuals who experience stereotype threat – the pressure resulting from social comparisons
that are perceived as unfavourable – show performance decrements across a wide
range of tasks. One account of this effect is that the cognitive pressure triggered by such
threat drains the same cognitive (or working-memory) resources that are implicated in
the respective task. The present study investigates whether mindfulness can be used to
moderate stereotype threat, as mindfulness has previously been shown to alleviate working-
memory load. Our results show that performance decrements that typically occur
under stereotype threat can indeed be reversed when the individual engages in a brief
(5 min) mindfulness task. The theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.

Atribuciones estereotípicas de calidez y habilidad (2007)

by Vanessa Smith-Castro

THE DICTATORSHIP OF STEREOTYPES?

by Athanasios Marvakis

In: Supplement of the Sunday Newspaper «Kyriakatiki Avgi», 26-12-2004. (in Greek).

Tourism imaginaries: A conceptual approach

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2012. Tourism imaginaries: A conceptual approach. Annals of Tourism Research 39(2): 863-882.

It is hard to imagine tourism without the creative use of seductive as well as restrictive imaginaries about peoples... more It is hard to imagine tourism without the creative use of seductive as well as restrictive imaginaries about peoples and places. This article presents a conceptual framework for
the study of tourism imaginaries and their diffusion. Where do such imaginaries originate, how and why are they circulated across the globe, and what kind of impact do they have on people’s lives? I discuss the multiple links between tourism and imagination, illustrating the overlapping but conflicting ways in which imaginings and fantasies drive tourists and tourism service providers alike. By applying this conceptual approach to international tourism in developing countries, I illustrate how the critical analysis of imaginaries offers a powerful deconstruction device of ideological, political, and sociocultural stereotypes and cliche´s.