Risk

Pandemicity and Severity are Separate Constructs

by Alan Card

Capital budgeting under uncertainty

by Raj Aggarwal

Risk Preferences and Aging: The “Certainty Effect” in Older Adults’ Decision Making

by Nina Mazar

Cp-authored with Mara Mather, Marissa A. Gorlick, Nichole R. Lighthall, Jessica Burgeno, Andrej Schoeke, and Dan Ariely, conditional accept at 'Psychology and Aging'

A prevalent stereotype is that people become less risk taking and more cautious as they get older. However, in... more A prevalent stereotype is that people become less risk taking and more cautious as they get older. However, in laboratory studies, findings are mixed and often reveal no age differences. In the current series of experiments, we examined whether age differences in risk seeking are more likely to emerge when choices include a certain option (a sure gain or a sure loss). In four experiments, we found that age differences in risk preferences only emerged when participants were offered a choice between a risky and a certain gamble but not when offered two risky gambles. In particular, Experiments 1 and 2 included only gambles about potential gains. Here, compared with younger adults, older adults preferred a certain gain over a chance to win a larger gain and thus, exhibited more risk aversion in the domain of gains. But in Experiments 3 and 4, when offered the chance to take a small sure loss rather than risking a larger loss, older adults generally exhibited more risk seeking in the domain of losses than younger adults. In a nutshell, our findings suggest that older adults weigh certainty more heavily than younger adults.

The Virtues of Dockside Dalliance: Why Maritime Sugar Girls are Safer then Urban Streetwalkers in South Africa's Prostitution Industry

by Henry Trotter

in Susan Dewey & Patty Kelly (Eds.), Policing Pleasure: Sex Work, Policy and the State in Global Perspective (New York: NYU Press, 2011), pp. 86-99

South African sex workers are exposed to different amounts of violence depending on the prostitution sector that they... more South African sex workers are exposed to different amounts of violence depending on the prostitution sector that they work in, such as the street, truck stop, hotel, agency, brothel, and dockside trades. By comparing the structural features of these sectors, we can not only gauge the likelihood of violence within each, but also devise more precise policy instruments to reduce violence at an industry-wide level. I focus here on the neglected dockside prostitution sector, showing how its structural characteristics enhance the women’s power vis-à-vis their clients. Detailed policy recommendations conclude the article.

Navigating Risk: Lessons From the Dockside Sex Trade for Reducing Violence in South Africa's Prostitution Industry

by Henry Trotter

Sexuality Research & Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, 4/4 (Dec 2007): 106-119

The diversity of South Africa's prostitution industry exposes sex workers to varying levels of violence. The street,... more The diversity of South Africa's prostitution industry exposes sex workers to varying levels of violence. The street, truck stop, hotel, agency, brothel, and dockside trades are characterized by different structural features that determine the prevalence of client, police, and third-party abuse against prostitutes. Comparing the structural elements of each sector allows not only gauging the likelihood of violence within a given niche but also devising more precise policy instruments to reduce violence at an industry-wide level.

This article, "Navigating Risk," focuses on the dockside prostitution sector in Cape Town and Durban, showing how its structural features enhance the women's power vis-à-vis their clients and the police. It discusses 5 key variables that influence the likelihood of violence within each prostitution sector:

* the social and legal status of the client
* the location of the negotiation
* the location of the sexual act
* the level of discretion in the solicitation process
* and the role of third-party involvement

Detailed policy recommendations conclude the argument.

"L'incertitude comme menace"

by Claude-Olivier Doron

Draft to be published in Deprins, D. (ed.), Parier sur l'incertitude, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2012

Through an analysis focusing on penal policies and how they deal with "uncertainty", this article wants to... more Through an analysis focusing on penal policies and how they deal with "uncertainty", this article wants to distinguish between different ways of perceiving and governing uncertainty, what we call different "rationalities" dealing with uncertainty.

Analysis of Software as a Service (SaaS) For Software Service Offering Alternative: A Case Study of E-Office On-Demand Service of PT Telkom Indonesia

by Achmad Nizar

Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Yoke Yuni Karnida, Genta Moerita.
9th International Conference on E-Business (INCEB), Bangkok, 2010.

Recent Internet technology development has enabled software to be delivered as a service, or well known as Software as... more Recent Internet technology development has enabled software to be delivered as a service, or well known as Software as a Service (SaaS). Through SaaS, customers no longer need to purchase software license, instead they only need to subscribe and access it via Internet connection. For service providers, SaaS adoption means they have to change their business focus from product-based into service-based, which requires some fundamental change in several aspects. This research based on qualitative method case study, evaluates benefits and risks of SaaS adoption by service providers and study how the providers implemented SaaS solution to their on-premise application. The object of this case study is an electronic business letter management software namely E-Office on Demand. Result of the study shows that service providers have successfully managed the risks of SaaS. However there are still some issues related to customization and integration in SaaS service. Complementary product and partnership between Independent Software Vendor and System Integrator give added value to the offered solution

Do Consumers Really Care on Risks in Online Shopping? An Analysis from Indonesian Online Consumers

by Achmad Nizar

Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Hamzah Saifulhaq, Putu Wuri Handayani.
Accepted at IEEE 6th International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, Bali, 2012

Consumer concerns on privacy and security issues in the process of online transactions is one of the obstacles in the... more Consumer concerns on privacy and security issues in the process of online transactions is one of the obstacles in the development of e-commerce. Risks faced by customers is feared to decrease the customer interest in online shopping. Related to this, this study aims to analyze the influence of the trust, concern and risks perception toward the intentions of customers to conduct e-commerce transaction. In order to see the influence of these factors, we construct an online questionnaire with Likert scale and distribute it to various sites and forums using quota sampling methods to recruit survey respondents who had ever done online shopping at least once. We obtained 101 valid data and process them by using Spearman's rho correlation analysis to determine the relationship between each variable and path coefficient analysis to prove the hypothesis and find out the value of the paths. Interestingly, online customers in Indonesia tend not to think risk as something that affects their intentions when performing online transaction. Attitude and perceived behavioral control had more influence on the online customer in Indonesia to conduct online transactions.

Hemmerich et al, Risk as Feelings in AAA Treatment Decisions, Soc Sci Med, 2012

by William Dale

► In this U.S. study, a computer simulation of a patient's ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) caused increased... more ► In this U.S. study, a computer simulation of a patient's ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) caused increased anxiety in participants.
► Physicians deviated from AAA practice guidelines due to Risk as Feelings effects from the previous rupture.
► Physicians expressed emotional regret over allowing a simulated patient's AAA to rupture.
► Physicians did not reliably exhibit conscious awareness of the impact that the AAA patient's outcome had on their decision making.
► This AAA simulation was validated as negative and arousing with International Affective Picture System methodology.

Umwelt- und Technik-Risiken als gesellschaftliches Innovationsproblem - Überlegungen im Verhältnis von Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik und Öffentlichkeit

by Andreas Metzner-Szigeth

in: Fricke, Werner (Ed.): Innovationen in Technik, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft; Bonn (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung) 1998, pp. 209-225

Does knowledge sharing and withholding of information in organizational committees affect quality of group decision-making?

by Caroline Kamau

Kamau, C. & Harorimana, D. (2008)

In today’s knowledge economy, there is an emphasis on group performance, such as in organizations’ committees, yet... more In today’s knowledge economy, there is an emphasis on group performance, such as in organizations’ committees, yet this performance is prone to productivity deficits. Like many other groups, organizational committees are prone to irrational decision-making in the form of groupthink and group polarization. We review evidence that groupthink involves avoidance of contradictory information, biased information sharing, self-censorship, reducing information on the outgroup and poor information pooling. For example, committee members’ conformity to the standards and expectations of an organization can lead them to withhold information that contradicts the organization’s “traditional” viewpoint. In other instances of groupthink, committee members may withhold information from their seniors in order to shield them from opposing views. Committee members undergoing groupthink may also display bias in their information search, such that they seek only that information which supports the committee’s prevailing opinion. We also review evidence showing that highly cohesive groups, those isolated from outside influence, and those with forthright leadership, are most at risk of groupthink. Improving the structure of a committee and having a leadership style that is process-directive, rather than outcome-directive, can reduce groupthink. We also review evidence on group polarization, which involves a shift by a group to an extremely risky or an extremely conservative viewpoint as a result of members influencing each other. We also discuss the impact of novel information on group polarization. We provide an analysis of the impact of faulty decision-making on the downfall of the bank Northern Rock. We consider the possible lack of objectivity in elements of the bank’s decision-making. The fact that Northern Rock did not receive a sufficient amount of outside regulation may have exacerbated groupthink. We discuss the likely role of risky shift in the bank’s attitude to risk and also consider the possible impact of forthright leadership on groupthink within Northern Rock. Groupthink and group polarization pose a danger to organizations that are required to continuously create, update and utilise knowledge in their decision-making, and to implement change in order to compete in shifting markets.

Le Nouveau Controle Social

by Michalis Lianos

http://www.amazon.com/nouveau-controle-social-toile-institutionnellenormativite/dp/2747504646/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1299083417&sr=8-1

Infinitesimal risk as public health crisis: News media coverage of a doctor-patient HIV contact tracing investigation

by Deborah Lupton

Globalisation and violence against women – inequalities in risks, responsibilities and blame in the UK and Japan

by Lorraine Radford

co-authored with Kaname Tsutsumi co-authored with Kaname Tsutsumi

Standards, Risk and the Scientist

by Joel DSilva

Book Review - Scientists and the regulation of risk: Standardising Control, David Demortain, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2011, 263 pp.

forthcoming

Fighting the Pipe: neo-liberal governance and barriers to effective community participation in energy infrastructure planning

by Christopher Groves

Co-authored with Prof. Max Munday (Cardiff Business School) and Dr Natalia Yakovleva (University of Winchester). Submitted to Environment and Planning C.

Developing effective participatory mechanisms within infrastructure planning governance has been represented as... more Developing effective participatory mechanisms within infrastructure planning governance has been represented as depending on how far the outputs of participatory processes have an impact upon strategic policy priorities. However, neoliberal modes of governance are characterised by “recentralisation” within arms-length regulatory bodies and private corporations. Tensions between participatory governance and re-centralisation are exemplified by the relationship between energy privatisation and energy infrastructure planning, which is illustrated by a case study of a major critical infrastructure project from the UK, the South Wales Gas Pipeline. Findings from this study confirm arguments in the literature that siting conflicts often centre on policy issues as much as local concerns. They also suggest that neoliberal recentralisation of some governance functions exacerbate such conflicts. While new efforts to secure effective participation are necessary in neoliberal regimes, they will face obstacles in the form of risk-based governance structures, as exemplified by the privatised energy sector.

Acceptabilité du discours du risque

by Michalis Lianos

Social Uncertainty & Global Risks

by Michalis Lianos

A chapter on power and the environment in the postindustrial society.

Cortisol function among early school-aged homeless children

by J. J. Cutuli

Cortisol function among early school-aged homeless children

by J. J. Cutuli