Research Paradigm

Le tournant linguistique en histoire: panorama d'une controverse

by Johann Petitjean

Seminar paper, ENS Lyon, April 2004

My Dispute with Wikipedia

by Damir Ibrisimovic

At the time Wikipedia blacks out its site in the name of freedom of speech – it censors edits giving a variety of... more At the time Wikipedia blacks out its site in the name of freedom of speech – it censors edits giving a variety of reasons. For example, at the bottom of the Talk: Free Will page – you can see an utterly hilarious comment. I could not believe my eyes when I saw “total incomprehension” stated as a reason to delete edits of others…

Exploring Research Data Interactively. Theme One : A Program of Inquiry

by Jon Awbrey

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (August 1990), “Exploring Research Data Interactively. Theme One : A Program of Inquiry”, Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference on Applications of Artificial Intelligence and CD-ROM in Education and Training, Society for Applied Learning Technology, Washington, DC, pp. 9–15.

If computer programs were smarter, they would, like people, recognize sequences of events, form models of their... more If computer programs were smarter, they would, like people, recognize sequences of events, form models of their environment, and formulate rules based on experience.  This paper describes the development of a program designed to address the difficult computational problems involved in integrating the inductive and deductive reasoning necessary to perform such tasks.  “Theme One” is a prototype program composed of “Index”, a learning algorithm for sequential data, and “Study”, an algorithm for building logical models.  The project goal is an interactive research tool that assists students and investigators in the exploration of qualitative data using artificial intelligence.

Hopeful tourism:: A New Transformative Perspective

by Nigel Morgan

Paradigms as Representations

by Mariann Solberg

Paper presented in the conference “Incommensurability (and related matters)” at Zentrale Einrichtung für Wissenschaftstheorie und Wissenschaftsethik, the University of Hanover, June 1999

Rey Ty. Philosophy of Freire: In His Own Words. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University International Training Office.

by Rey Ty 鄭文華 (郑 文华)

Rey Ty. Philosophy of Freire: In His Own Words. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University International Training Office.

Rey Ty. Philosophy of Freire: In His Own Words. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University International Training Office. Rey Ty. Philosophy of Freire: In His Own Words. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University International Training Office.

Walking the line between lab and computation: the 'moist' zone.

by Bart Penders

Penders, B., Horstman, K. & Vos, R. (2008). BioScience 58 (8): 747-755. [DOI: 10.1641/B580811]

Mills, A.J. (1987) `Gareth Morgan: An Interview’. Aurora, vol.11, no.2, Winter Issue, pp.42-46

by Albert J. Mills

Kent Mekanı ve İnsan Faktörü (Urban Space and the Human Factor)

by Emine Koseoglu

Paper in Turkish.

Author: Emine Koseoglu
YAPI, November 2009, Issue 335, p. 56-59.

Abstract

Many definitions of urban space have been putforward. At the same time projects relating to the... more Abstract

Many definitions of urban space have been putforward. At the same time projects relating to the city may not always aim at tackling a city and its users in all their aspects from an objective point of view. In this study the human factor in urban design is examined by means of a discussion ofthe paradigms in the works of theorists who have written on the subject of urban space.

In his book Urban Space Rob Krier clearly explains the typological and morphological components that make up the concept of urban space, by means of diagrams and tables. This is followed by a chapter criticising 20th-century urban planning, and finally by a study of the rebuilding of Stuttgart. Since Krier confines himself to historical references, it is hard to describe him as a postmodern. Nevertheless, setting aside the historical aspect, Krier establishes a close tie between the use of geometry and the achievement of human happiness and order, so that his affinity with rational thought cannot be ignored.

In his book; A Pattern Language; Alexander demonstrates the similarity between the structures of sentences and other linguistic elements, and the elements and structures of the language of form. He asserts that just as there are words in languages, so there are patterns in the languages of form. Just as sentences are formed by bringing together words based on connections established in language, so buildings and spaces are created as consequences of pattern language. Since Alexander views the city as a structure that is formed by simultaneous inner connections and can be divided into sub-units, he can be said to take a structural approach to spaces.

Amos Rapoport’s book, Culture, Architecture and Design, is a study of what kind of impact user culture can have on design. According to Rapoport, he is an observer looking on from the outside, and his own realities and those he observes are different. In this respect, when Rapoport is viewed from an ontological point of view, he seems to take a positivistic approach. In terms of epistemology, however, Rapoport asserts that reality depends on personal experiences. Clearly this reflects an interpretive approach. However, his aim is that the researcher should tackle his subject independently of value judgments, and like a positivist, Rapoport is endeavouring to attain some generalisations.

The article shows the three different approachesof three different researchers. By discussing these different studies, the views of the researchers to the urban space and users is debated. Philosophical views (paradigms) contain clues to their views on urban design and the users of spaces.