2012 4Q541, Fragment 24 Reconsidered
by Edward Cook
From "Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman" (ed. Marilyn Lundberg, Steven Fine, and Wayne Pitard; Brill 2012).
"The Use of Greek at Qumran: Manuscript and Epigraphic Evidence for a Marginalized Language"
Dead Sea Discoveries 19.2 (2012) [Forthcoming]
Treatments of language use at Qumran have tended to marginalize the evidence for Greek language use among the... more
Treatments of language use at Qumran have tended to marginalize the evidence for Greek language use among the Covenanters, on the basis of the observation that far more of the surviving texts are written in Hebrew or Aramaic. This paper examines the meager evidence for Greek use at the site – including the sole Greek documentary text, 4Q350, recently published epigraphic evidence, and the enigmatic Greek letters of the Copper Scroll (3Q15) – in an attempt to recognize the importance of Greek for everyday intramural business and for maintaining economic contact with exterior communities. Manuscript and epigraphic survivals demonstrate that the Covenanters’ use of Greek can be characterized as primarily occurring in the context of day-to-day economic transactions, business, and trade. The evidence suggests that, like the Bar Kokhba rebels, the Covenanters attempted to “purify” their discourse and way of life, but economic realities nevertheless encouraged periodic communication in the Greek language.
Keywords: Palestinian Greek, 4Q350, Qumran epigraphy, Copper Scroll, ancient sociolinguistics
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Forthcoming in the T&T Clark Companion to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Edited by George J. Brooke and Charlotte Hempel. T&T Clark.
4QMMT
Forthcoming in the T&T Clark Companion to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Edited by George J. Brooke and Charlotte Hempel. T&T Clark.
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by Noam Mizrahi
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