Plant Tissue Culture

Callus induction from corm of Gloriosa superba Linn: An endangered medicinal plant

by Dharmendra Singh

Dr. Manish Mishra and Dr. Anirudha Singh is Co author

This plant is engendered and their conservation is important due to their economic and medicinal importance. This plant is engendered and their conservation is important due to their economic and medicinal importance.

Indirect somatic embryogenesis and morphohistological analysis in Capsicum chinense

by Antonio Andrade-Torres

Solís-Ramos, L.Y.*, S. Nahuat-Dzib, A. Andrade-Torres, F. Barredo-Pool, T. González-Estrada and E. Castaño. 2010. Indirect somatic embryogenesis and morphohistological analysis in Capsicum chinense Jacq. Biologia. 65 (3): 504-511. ISSN: 0006-3088.
* Ask for this paper to this email: catleyasp@hotmail.com
* Pregunta por este artículo al email: catleyasp@hotmail.com

Transient genetic transformation of embryogenic callus of Cocos nucifera

by Antonio Andrade-Torres

Andrade-Torres, A.*, C. Oropeza, L. Sáenz, T. González-Estrada, J. E. Ramírez-Benítez, K. Becerril, J. L. Chan, and L. C. Rodríguez-Zapata. 2011. Transient genetic transformation of embryogenic callus of Cocos nucifera L. Biologia. 66 (5): 790-800. ISSN: 0006-3088.

* Ask for this paper to: myxo23_@hotmail.com or lcrz@cicy.mx
* pregunta por este artículo a: myxo23_@hotmail.com o lcrz@cicy.mx

Somatic Embryogenesis in Recalcitrant Plants

by Antonio Andrade-Torres

Laura Yesenia Solís-Ramos, Antonio Andrade-Torres, Luis Alfonso Sáenz Carbonell, Carlos M. Oropeza Salín and Enrique Castaño de la Serna. 2012. 25. Somatic Embryogenesis in Recalcitrant Plants. In: Ken-ichi Sato (Ed). Embryogenesis. InTech Open. Pp. 597-618. ISBN 978-953-51-0466-7.
FREE online.

Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells, under induction conditions, generate embryogenic cells,... more Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells, under induction conditions, generate embryogenic cells, which go through a series of morphological and biochemical changes that result in the production of bipolar structure without vascular connection with the original tissue. Somatic embryogenesis with a low frequency of chimeras, a high number of regenerates and a limited level of somaclonal variation is more attractive than organogenesis as a plant regeneration system (e.g., in genetic transformation, in vitro mutagenesis and selection). However there are several factors that influence the initiation of somatic embryogenesis in plants. Most of the important crops and grasses are recalcitrant for in vitro culturing, which hampers the development of reliable regeneration techniques. This document is focused in the somatic embryogenesis of recalcitrant plants, showing the particular cases of two plant species: habanero chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.).

Protocol for seaweed decontamination to isolate unialgal cultures

by Daniela R. P. Fernandes

Study of New Protocol for In vitro Micro Propagation of Centella asiatica – an Important Medicinal Plant

by Dharmendra Singh

Dharmendra singh, Surendra Bhati

Centella asiatica Linn. Commonly known as mandukparni or brahmi manduki is a
traditional medical herb widely used... more Centella asiatica Linn. Commonly known as mandukparni or brahmi manduki is a
traditional medical herb widely used as a brain tonic. Micro propagation offer rapid in vitro
clonal multiplication of elite clones and further help in dissemination and ex situ conservation
of this important yet endangered medicinal plant. In the present study, we have tried to
optimize the invitro culture condition of centella asiatica for mass multiplication and callus
culture study has also been initiated. Through our work, we have found that MS basal +1.0mg /
l BAP+20gm/l sugar +8.0gm/l agar gives the best result for culture initiation as well as in
auxiliary shoot proliferation. For rooting, MS+1.0mg/l NAA +200mg charcoal + 20 gm/l sugar
+8 gm/l agar gave higher primary roots/ shoots with higher secondary roots.

Selection of rice for iron toxicity tolerance through irradiated caryopsis culture

by Ranjith Pathirana

PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE Volume: 70 Issue: 1 Pages: 83-90

A protocol for plant regeneration from caryopses of Indica rice via a callus phase was developed and adopted to select... more A protocol for plant regeneration from caryopses of Indica rice via a callus phase was developed and adopted to select regenerants in media simulating iron toxicity. Caryopses of three commercial Sri Lankan rice cultivars (RU 102, LD 355 and AT 353) were induced to produce callus on MS medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Plant regeneration was more efficient when 4-week-old calli induced using 9 muM 2,4-D and 0.5 muM BA were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.2 muM BA and 0.6 muM alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Three concentrations of Fe, three pH levels and three doses of gamma irradiation (0, 100 and 150 Gy) were used in the selection experiment. Varieties LD 355 and AT 353 were more responsive than RU 102 to callus induction and plant regeneration. Although high iron concentration in combination with low pH significantly decreased callus induction and plant regeneration efficiencies, gamma irradiation of the explants did not have any effect on these parameters. Nevertheless, the height and seed yield of plants regenerated from calli of irradiated caryopses were significantly reduced in R0M1. The in vitro protocol developed for selecting rice mutants would be useful in supplementing the current breeding efforts to develop rice varieties tolerant to iron toxicity.

Seedless fruit and methods of Parthenocarpy

by Ravi Dinakar

To view the FREE full text pdf article, please go to www.jes2s.com/pdfs/yam_article.pdf

Also visit the homepage for the new October 2011 edition

Publisher: Ravi Dinakar

The Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, July 2011

Authors: Jonathan Yam and Whitney Hagins*
Department of Science
AP Biology
Lexington High School, 251 Waltham Street, Lexington, MA 02421
*Correspondence: whagins@sch.ci.lexington.ma.us

The process of parthenocarpy involves the
use of phytohormones to change the growth
process of a plant’s... more The process of parthenocarpy involves the
use of phytohormones to change the growth
process of a plant’s fruits and results in fruits
that are generally seedless. In this project,
three phytohormones commonly used in
parthenocarpy were tested for their effects on
the size and quantity of the produced fruits.
The procedures were designed to study patterns
of each hormone’s effect at different amounts
and the effects of cross-pollination on fruit
size. Brassica rapa plants were grown in a uniform
manner and the male organs were removed upon
flowering. After the plants were emasculated, a
number of pistils were exposed to phytohormone
in varying amounts. It was predicted that if
Brassica rapa are grown in a controlled environment,
plants treated with a greater amount of natural
and synthetic auxin phytohormones will produce
larger fruits as compared to plants treated with
less phytohormone. It was also hypothesized that
plants that cross-fertilize will produce a greater
quantity of fruits and more seeds as compared
to plants treated with phytohormone. The
data shows that greater exposure to hormones
generally results in larger fruits, where as all
of the hormone induced fruits are smaller than
fruits produced by cross-pollination.

Optimization of biotin and thiamine requirements for somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

by Jameel Al-Khayri

Sugar uptake and starch consumption in Brassica rapa

by Ravi Dinakar

To view the FREE full text of this article, please go to www.jes2s.com/pdfs/surya_article.pdf

Also, visit the homepage, www.jes2s.com, to view the October 2011 issue.

Publisher: Ravi Dinakar

The Journal of Experimental Secondary Science, July 2011

Authors: Surya Bhupatiraju, Zaroug Jaleel, and Whitney Hagins*
Department of Science, AP Biology
Lexington High School, 251 Waltham Street, Lexington, MA 02421
*Correspondence: whagins@sch.ci.lexington.ma.us

Plants have numerous mechanisms for obtaining
sugar; normally, in the absence of sunlight, plants
will use... more Plants have numerous mechanisms for obtaining
sugar; normally, in the absence of sunlight, plants
will use starch granules for ATP production. This
experiment was performed to test how plants take
up sugars from their environment without sunlight.
It was hypothesized that plants, when deprived of
sunlight, and provided with no sugar, would rely
solely on their starch granules. However, when
provided with sugar, the plants should use sugar
uptake mechanisms rather than their reserves.
When the plants were provided with light, it was
hypothesized that plants would photosynthesize
normally, neither relying on starch nor outside
sugar. To test this discs were cut out from 7-9 day
old Brassica rapa plants. The discs were then placed
in solutions that had different molarities of sucrose
or glucose and half the solutions were subjected
to constant light while the other half were placed
in zero light. Starch amounts were measured using
an IKI solution and a color scale. The data showed
that sugar uptake increased linearly with molarity.
These results also clearly suggest that the plants
must have taken up the required sugars from
their environment to undergo cellular respiration
for ATP synthesis. On the other hand, the discs
that were placed in the light were able to undergo
photosynthesis and as a result, these plants were
able to acquire the necessary sugars. Therefore,
the results remain consistent with the hypothesis.

An Overview of the Economic Factors Influencing Micropropagation

by Uttar Kumar Tomar

U.K. Tomar, Usha Negi, A.K. Sinha & Prem Kumar
MyForest Vol 43: 523-534 (2007)

During the last three decades tissue culture based plant propagation has emerged as one of the leading global... more During the last three decades tissue culture based plant propagation has emerged as one of the leading global agro-technology due to its potential to produce millions of identical clones within a short span of time. The primary advantage of micropropagation is the rapid production ot quality, disease free and uniform planting material. The planls can be multiplied continuously through out the year under controlled environment, irrespective of season. However, micropropagation technology being a capital-intensive industry is expensive compared to conventional method and also requires specialized skills. In some cases the cost of production is so high that the unit cost per plant becomes unaffordable. Therefore, economic viability and practical utility of this technique has always been debated, more so, in the forestry sector.
Recent advances in micropropagation tenchniques and protocol have partially addressed the cosl factor without compromising the quality of plants produced. Major contributing factors to the cost of a tissue cullure plant are energy (electricity), labour and chemicals. In the industrialized countries, labour is the main factor to be considered while reducing the cost ot production. A commercial production unit, theretore, requires a constant monitoring of the input costs in terms of capital, chemicals, energy, labour and research and development work to develop better options to reduce cost of production. Present paper describes derivation of a formula to predict production capacity, schedule of production for large scale micropropagation, analysis of tactors affecting cost of micropropagated plants and areas where further research is required to make micropropagation an conomically viable tool in forestry sector.

Capacidad morfogénica de diferentes explantes de cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.)/por Antonio Andrade-Torres.

by Antonio Andrade-Torres

Somatic embryogenesis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) improved by coconut water

by Jameel Al-Khayri

Transgenic spinach plants expressing the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus

by Jameel Al-Khayri

In vitro germination of somatic embryos in date palm: Effect of auxin concentration and strength of MS salts

by Jameel Al-Khayri

Early detection of grapevine leafroll virus in Vitis vinifera using in vitro micrografting

by Ranjith Pathirana

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
Volume 81, Number 1, 11-18, DOI: 10.1007/s11240-004-2498-y

Micrografting of grapevine was investigated for its use as a tool in virus indexing of grapevine stock. Cabernet franc... more Micrografting of grapevine was investigated for its use as a tool in virus indexing of grapevine stock. Cabernet franc and Cabernet sauvignon scions infected with grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus III (GLRaVIII) were grafted on to virus-free indicator rootstocks of LN 33 and Cabernet sauvignon growing in tissue culture. The two rootstocks and two scions were grafted in all four possible combinations along with two control grafts (virus-free scion on virus-free rootstock). A modified MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) tissue culture medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine was sufficient to induce multiple shoots. Shoots and micrografts readily produced roots in the basal medium. Micrografting gave an overall success rate of 77.8%, with no significant difference between LN 33 rootstock and Cabernet sauvignon. When leafroll infected scion material was micrografted on to virus-free rootstock, the rootstock leaf turned red (23.5% in LN 33 and 63.9% in Cabernet sauvignon) or it showed leafrolling (28.5%, no significant difference between LN 33 and Cabernet sauvignon) within 2–3 weeks. After 12 weeks in culture, the extent of viral symptoms in the micrografted material was high (81.3%), with no significant difference between LN 33 and Cabernet sauvignon; however, the expression of symptoms was more severe on Cabernet sauvignon than on LN 33 rootstock. Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was used to validate the visual symptoms and the presence of virus was confirmed in 80% of the rootstock with visual symptoms of infection. Results indicate that micrografting is an effective method for viral indexing of grapevines. The method can be used in conjunction with wood indexing for post-entry quarantine to identify infected material and reject it much earlier than is currently possible.

Patterns of Growth and Cell Death in Diploid Arabidopsis Cell Cultures with Synchronised Cell Cycle

by Ranjith Pathirana

Biotechnology and Sustainable Agriculture 2006 and Beyond
Proceedings of the 11th IAPTC&B Congress, August 31-18, 2006 Beijing, China

Populations of cultured cells with synchronised cell cycle provide large numbers of cells at defined points of the... more Populations of cultured cells with synchronised cell cycle provide large numbers of cells at defined points of the cell cycle for manipulation and investigation of molecular events associated with plant function. Arabidopsis thaliana is a preferred model plant for genetic and molecular studies of various metabolic events due to its rapid life cycle and fully sequenced genome. However, one constraint for the routine use of Arabidopsis cell cultures is the limited availability of cultures suitable for cell cycle synchronisation. Here we report the establishment of a rapidly growing diploid Arabidopsis cell culture, synchronisation of the cell cycle, and use of the cultured cells to study cell death.

Sweet and hot peppers.

by Ranjith Pathirana

Author(s): Brummell, D. A.; Pathirana, R. 
Editor(s): Pua, E. C.; Davey, M. R. 
Source: Transgenic crops IV    Pages: 393-414    Published: 2007   
ISBN: 3-540-36751-9; 978-3-540-36751-2

This chapter provides a brief overview of the progress in some aspects of sweet and hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) in... more This chapter provides a brief overview of the progress in some aspects of sweet and hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) in vitro culture (isolation of protoplasts and plant regeneration, cell culture, anther culture for generating doubled haploids, virus elimination through meristem culture and in vitro grafting, and embryo rescue for the production of interspecific hybrids) and genetic transformation (genetic engineering for resistance to viruses and insect pests, and improved growth habit and fruit quality).