Philanthropy

Vermögende in Deutschland – Die Perspektive der Vermögenskulturforschung

by Tarek el Sehity

Co-authored with Anna Schor-Tschudnowskaja, published in "Vermögen in Deutschland", 143-202
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-531-92702-2_5

In diesem Beitrag wird die Gelegenheit wahrgenommen, den vermögenskulturellen Ansatz vorzustellen, indem wir die in... more In diesem Beitrag wird die Gelegenheit wahrgenommen, den vermögenskulturellen Ansatz vorzustellen, indem wir die in der Studie „Vermögen in Deutschland“ (ViD) gewonnenen Daten einer Analyse im Sinne der Vermögenskultur unterziehen. Ein zentraler Anspruch der Vermögenskulturforschung besteht in der differenzierten Betrachtung des Phänomens Reichtum. Druyen (2007, 2009) postuliert. dass es notwendig und sinnvoll ist, Reiche von Vermögenden qualitativ zu unterscheiden. Anliegen ist hierbei also nicht, einen weiteren Ansatz zur ökonomischen Bestimmung von quantitativen Reichtumsschwellen zu bieten (siehe hierzu Übersicht bei Lauterbach), sondern durch die Untersuchung des Selbst- und Weltbildes (Einstellungen, individuelle und kollektive Vorstellungen, Normen und Motivationen) zu erkennen, wie sich Personen dieser sehr distinkten Minderheit in ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung wahrnehmen und welche Bedeutung sie ihrem eigenen Handeln beimessen.

Fenn at 40: How Recent Findings Are Changing Our Approach to Grantmaking for Work-Integrated Learning

by Paul Putman

(2011) Journal of Cooperative Education and Internships 45(2)

Book Review: Good and Plenty: The Creative Success of American Arts Funding, by Tyler Cowen

by Javier Stanziola

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09548963.2012.674760

Cowen's book is a useful read for those thinking big thoughts about funding in the arts

Cowen very early in... more Cowen's book is a useful read for those thinking big thoughts about funding in the arts

Cowen very early in the book confesses his sins: as an economist (the worst sin you can commit in cultural studies circles) with a libertarian streak (ditto), he is concerned about the efficiency and equity implications of public funding. But he also recognizes, as an “art-lover” (more accepted, but not always), that economic tools are insufficient to evaluate the rationale for and outcomes from funding policies. Instead, he attempts to integrate insights on this issue from the economics literature with an aesthetic approach. He argues that the role of any cultural policy maker is, in fact, to reconcile economic and aesthetic values before “rational policy evaluation” can take place. For rest of the review: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09548963.2012.674760

The "Me to We" Social Enterprise: Global Education as Lifestyle Brand

by David Jefferess

Critical Literacy 6.1 (2012)

he North American-based social enterprise Me to We has developed into one of the leading youth-oriented humanitarian... more he North American-based social enterprise Me to We has developed into one of the leading youth-oriented humanitarian agencies in Canada and provides a primary means of actualizing global citizenship within the Canadian education system. Through the annual We Day spectacles and the organization’s Schools In Action program, Me to We engages with tens of thousands of Canadian youth each year. Drawing upon the idea of a “personal” social movement and the articulation of cosmopolitanism as a “lifestyle”, Me to We is an example of, but also extends, Elise Chouliaraki’s notion of “post-humanitarian discourse.” This article provides a critique of Me to We as a “lifestyle brand” which functions as much within the discourse of humanitarianism as it does the emergent self-help industry in North America. Me to We’s social enterprise model provides a specifically neoliberal formulation of the practice of philanthropy in that it relies upon corporate-consumer affiliation not only with the “brand” but with the celebrity front men of the organization, Craig and Marc Kielburger. Despite the appeal to the collective, the pedagogical project of Me to We relies upon, and reinforces, the benevolent subject who is distinguished by their desire to transcend affluence without giving it up.

Geven door huishoudens

by Rene Bekkers

Co-authored with Evelien Boonstoppel. Paper in Dutch / artikel in het Nederlands.

De totale waarde van giften van geld en goederen door Nederlandse huishoudens bedraagt in 2009 € 1.938 miljoen. Het... more De totale waarde van giften van geld en goederen door Nederlandse huishoudens bedraagt in 2009 € 1.938 miljoen. Het bedrag is vrijwel gelijk aan het bedrag over 2007 (€ 1.945 miljoen). Gecorrigeerd voor de infl atie in de afgelopen jaren is de waarde van de giften en goederen die zijn gegeven door huishoudens in Nederland licht gedaald (-4,2%). De giften van huishoudens vertegenwoordigen 0,34% van het BBP.

Gemiddeld geven alle huishoudens in 2009 giften in de vorm van geld ter waarde van € 210. Dit bedrag is vergeleken met 2007 gedaald met 9% en is terug op het niveau van 2005. 87% van de Nederlandse huishoudens geeft geld aan goededoelenorganisaties. Hoewel de waarde van giften aan organisaties op het gebied van kerk en levensbeschouwing is gedaald ontvangen zij nog steeds het grootste gedeelte van alle giften van huishoudens (43%). Organisaties op het terrein van internationale hulp en gezondheid ontvangen elk 15% van de giften. Op lokaal niveau wordt het vaakst gegeven aan organisaties in de sector sport. Giften aan lokale initiatieven voor internationale hulp volgen op de tweede plaats maar zijn minder populair geworden (van 10% naar 7%). Nederlandse huishoudens geven nog vaak op traditionele manieren zoals de huis-aan-huis collecte en direct mail, maar deze manieren van geven worden wel minder gangbaar. Nog steeds geven huishoudens het vaakst via een collecte aan de deur (83%), maar deze manier van geven is minder populair geworden. In 2005 gaf nog 90% op deze manier. Direct mail levert ook minder vaak giften op (17% in 2009 tegen 27% in 2005). Slechts 8% geeft in 2009 via internet.

Voor autochtonen is een profiel gemaakt van huishoudens die vaker en meer geven. De respondenten in deze huishoudens zijn ouder, hebben een middelbare of hogere opleiding, een gemiddeld of hoger inkomen, een eigen huis, zijn protestant en gaan frequenter naar de kerk. Deze huishoudens worden vaker gevraagd door goededoelenorganisaties om giften te doen, ervaren meer sociale druk om te geven, en hebben meer vertrouwen in goededoelenorganisaties. Bovendien vinden de respondenten in deze huishoudens het belangrijker om anderen te helpen en voelen zij zich meer verantwoordelijk voor de samenleving als geheel. Geefgedrag is een uiting van deze betrokkenheid.

Nederlanders spreken weinig met anderen over geven aan goededoelenorganisaties en weten dan ook meestal niet wat anderen geven. Het geefgedrag van anderen wordt onderschat. Er zijn meer Nederlanders die veel of erg veel vertrouwen hebben in goededoelenorganisaties dan Nederlanders die geen of weinig vertrouwen hebben. Huishoudens die meer vertrouwen kregen in goededoelenorganisaties en die de indruk hebben gekregen dat andere huishoudens meer zijn gaan geven, zijn zelf ook meer gaan geven. Onder alle huishoudens is het vertrouwen in goededoelenorganisaties gedaald, terwijl Nederlanders positiever zijn gaan denken over het geefgedrag van anderen. Het negatieve effect van het dalende vertrouwen en het positieve effect van de hogere verwachtingen houden elkaar ongeveer in evenwicht, waardoor het geefgedrag gemiddeld niet veranderd is.

To Give or Not to Give… That's the Question

by Rene Bekkers

George gives to geology Jane: The name letter effect and incidental similarity cues in fundraising

by Rene Bekkers

People tend to like others with attributes similar to their own (the similarity principle) and favor products with... more People tend to like others with attributes similar to their own (the similarity principle) and favor products with names similar to their own (the name letter effect). In the present field experiment, the name letter effect and similarity principle are tested in a phonaton among alumni of Utrecht University, The Netherlands. First name and surname initials, fields of education, and association memberships of alumni were matched to those of students soliciting contributions in the phonaton. Female alumni with first names and fields of study similar to those of solicitors were more
likely to donate, as were male alumni with first names similar to the field of study of solicitors. Both male and female alumni with first names similar to the name of the university donated more often than those with dissimilar names. Name letter effects are a cheap and effective instrument to increase donations in
fundraising campaigns conducted by telephone.

“Providing Welfare for the Nation: Honour, Race and Family at the German Hospital in Buenos Aires, 1878-1930”

by Benjamin Bryce

Presented in Spanish at the conference "La minoría de habla alemana en Argentina," Centre for Latin American Migration Studies, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 22, 2011.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the booming metropolis of Buenos Aires had a vibrant German community with an... more At the turn of the twentieth century, the booming metropolis of Buenos Aires had a vibrant German community with an active publishing industry, a number of schools, and several welfare organizations. This paper examines the largest German-language institution in the city, the Hospital Alemán, from 1878 to 1930 to reveal the internal structure of one of Buenos Aires' small but visible ethnic groups. In a variety of sources, community leaders presented the hospital as a cornerstone a cohesive community that should transcend class lines and citizenship. The hospital and its leadership garnered massive financial contributions by emphasizing racialized ideas of a Germanic nation and highlighting the group’s supposed obligation to care for “indigent” workers of Germanic stock.

I examine a number of fundraising campaigns orchestrated by German women and the large contributions and leadership role of German men. I engage with Donna Guy's recent examination about the role of gender and ethnic ties in performing charity in Argentina. By broadening charity beyond child welfare, I highlight the role of both women and men. The hospital's organization was shaped by conservative models of masculinity that promoted men as providers for their families and reinforced paternalistic ideas in its efforts to care for working-class immigrants.

The Hospital Alemán was not an unique case of immigrant organization in Buenos Aires. Italian, Spanish, French, British, Jewish, and Syrian immigrants also created hospitals. Yet hospitals have received little attention in the historiography on immigration to Argentina.  The German case can speak to larger debates about the power of the Argentine state, ethnic community organization, and the nature of cultural pluralism in Argentina.

Giving circles and fundraising in the new philanthropy environment

by Angela Eikenberry

Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19, 141-152

Educating and empowering youth through philanthropy: A case study of a high school giving circle

by Angela Eikenberry

Co-authored with Thiele, L., Metton, J., & Millard, M.; Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, 2(1)

Giving circles are groups of individuals who pool their resources and decide together where these resources should be... more Giving circles are groups of individuals who pool their resources and decide together where these resources should be distributed. They are becoming especially popular among non-traditional donors such as women, people of color, young professionals and youth. This study is one of the first to examine a youth giving circle; a case study of a giving circle made up of students from one high school in a mid-sized Midwestern town in the U.S. It examined the effect participating in a giving circle had on youth participants’ learning through connection to and awareness of community issues, sense of empowerment, and identities as leaders and philanthropists by gathering data through interviews and documentation.

In Darkest London: Investigating Destitution in the 1920s

by Kirsten Jarrett

A discussion on charity provision for the homeless and ‘destitute’, as recorded within Ada Chesterton’s In Darkest... more A discussion on charity provision for the homeless and ‘destitute’, as recorded within Ada Chesterton’s In Darkest London. This book, written in 1926, describes the author’s investigation of the London ‘underworld’, which she made in February 1925.

Limits of Social Influence on Giving: Who is Affected When and Why?

by Rene Bekkers

Working paper presented at a seminar “Social Effects on Giving“, 24 February 2012, Royal Over-seas League, London. http://www.bris.ac.uk/cmpo/events/2012/charitablegiving/

In this paper I present evidence from tax records and three large scale field experiments testing social influence... more In this paper I present evidence from tax records and three large scale field experiments testing social influence effects on giving in the Netherlands. The experiments are conducted among
university alumni (n=6,672) and among large random samples of the Dutch population (n=1,474; n=1,765). Also tax records are used to test peer effects among a very large random sample
(n=172,947) of citizens in the Netherlands. The experiments show evidence for positive but weak social information effects on small donations. Social information effects are stronger in
conditions in which people are actively imagining what others are giving. The tax records show that amounts donated by high level donors (exceeding 1% of income) are strongly sensitive to
changes in the tax price as well as to changes in giving by other high level donors in the area of residence.

A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy: Eight Mechanisms That Drive Charitable Giving

by Rene Bekkers

Co-authored with Pamala Wiepking.

The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more... more The authors present an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles. They structure their review around the central question of why people donate money to charitable organizations.
They identify eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits; (g) values; (h) efficacy. These mechanisms can provide a basic theoretical framework for future research explaining charitable giving.

And who is your neighbor? Explaining denominational differences in charitable giving and volunteering in the Netherlands

by Rene Bekkers

We study differences in contributions of time and money to churches and non-religious nonprofit organizations between... more We study differences in contributions of time and money to churches and non-religious nonprofit organizations between members of different religious denominations in the Netherlands. We hypothesize that contributions to religious organizations are
based on involvement in the religious community, while contributions to non-religious organizations are more likely to be rooted in prosocial values such as altruism, equality,
and responsibility for the common good, which are socialized in religious traditions.

Data from the first wave of the Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey (n=1,964) support the hypotheses. We find higher levels of volunteerism and generosity among members of Protestant churches than among Catholics and the non-religious. Higher
contributions to church among members of Protestant churches are mostly due to higher levels of church attendance and social pressure to contribute. In contrast, higher contributions to non-religious organizations by members of Protestant churches,
especially charitable donations, are mostly due to prosocial values.

Testing Mechanisms for Philanthropic Behaviour

by Rene Bekkers

Researchers across disciplines base new studies on philanthropy on existing knowledge. A special issue of the... more Researchers across disciplines base new studies on philanthropy on existing knowledge. A special issue of the International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing shows how. This is the introduction to that special issue.

Who gives? A literature review of predictors of charitable giving Part One: Religion, education, age and socialisation

by Rene Bekkers

This is the first of two papers in which we present a comprehensive review of the multidisciplinary academic... more This is the first of two papers in which we present a comprehensive review of the multidisciplinary academic literature on philanthropy, identifying the predictors of charitable giving by individuals and households. For each predictor, we discuss the evidence for the mechanisms that may explain why the predictor is correlated with giving. We conclude with a brief agenda for future research. In this first paper we present the evidence on the relationship of giving with religion, education, age and socialisation.

Explaining Differences in Philanthropic Behavior Between Christians, Muslims, and Hindus in the Netherlands

by Rene Bekkers

Co-authored with Christine Carabain.

Using survey data from the Netherlands, we find that Muslims have relatively high levels of religious philanthropic... more Using survey data from the Netherlands, we find that Muslims have relatively high levels of religious philanthropic behavior and relatively low levels of secular philanthropic behavior, whereas Hindus have relatively low levels of religious philanthropic behavior and higher levels of secular philanthropic behavior. Results indicate that the community explanation and the conviction explanation of the relationship between religion and philanthropic behavior are both valid to some extent when it comes to differences in philanthropic behavior between Christians, Muslims, and Hindus. In addition, we find a relationship between group orientation in worship rituals on the relation between religion and philanthropic behavior. The more group-oriented the worship rituals, the stronger the relation between religion
and philanthropic behavior. The results suggest that Durkheim’s theory on suicide may only be valid in a Christian context.

And Who is Your Neighbor? Explaining the Effect of Religion on Charitable Giving and Volunteering

by Rene Bekkers

We study differences in contributions of time and money to churches and non-religious nonprofit organizations between... more We study differences in contributions of time and money to churches and non-religious nonprofit organizations between members of different religious denominations in the Netherlands. We hypothesize that contributions to religious organizations are
based on involvement in the religious community, while contributions to non-religious organizations are more likely to be rooted in prosocial values such as altruism, equality, and responsibility for the common good, which are socialized in religious traditions. Data from the first wave of the Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey (n=1,964) support the hypotheses. We find higher levels of volunteerism and generosity among members of Protestant churches than among Catholics and the non-religious. Higher contributions to church among members of Protestant churches are mostly due to higher levels of church attendance and social pressure to contribute. In contrast, higher
contributions to non-religious organizations by members of Protestant churches, especially charitable donations, are mostly due to prosocial values.

To Give or Not to Give, That is the Question: How Methodology is Destiny In Dutch Giving Data

by Rene Bekkers

Traditional and Health-Related Philanthropy: The Role of Resources and Personality

by Rene Bekkers